Английская Википедия:Elizabeth Campbell, Duchess of Argyll

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Elizabeth Georgiana Campbell, Duchess of Argyll Шаблон:Post-nominals (née Leveson-Gower; 30 May 1824 – 25 May 1878) was a British noblewoman and abolitionist. Born into the wealthy Sutherland-Leveson-Gower family, she was the eldest daughter of the 2nd Duke of Sutherland by his wife, the political hostess Lady Harriet Howard. In 1844 Elizabeth married George Campbell, Marquess of Lorne, eldest son and heir to the 7th Duke of Argyll. She became the Duchess of Argyll in 1847 when her husband succeeded his father.

Like her mother, the Duchess of Argyll was a prominent opponent of slavery. The pair helped write a letter titled An Affectionate and Christian Address of Many Thousands of Women of Great Britain and Ireland to Their Sisters, the Women of the United States of America, calling for an end of slavery; it attracted signatures from 562,848 British women. The two often hosted the American abolitionist and author Harriet Beecher Stowe when she visited England. The Duchess and Beecher Stowe were friends and maintained a correspondence.

In 1868, the Duchess of Argyll succeeded the Duchess of Wellington as Mistress of the Robes to Queen Victoria, holding the position until 1870, when she resigned due to ill health. Soon after being appointed a member of the newly created Order of the Crown of India, she died in 1878 whilst eating with William Ewart Gladstone in London.

Family and early life

Lady Elizabeth Georgiana Leveson-Gower was raised amidst great wealth. Her paternal grandmother, the great heiress Elizabeth Gordon, was suo jure Countess of Sutherland, overseeing estates that spanned 800,000 to one million acres of Scottish Highlands. The Sutherland lands were further augmented with Gordon's 1785 marriage to George Leveson-Gower (later 1st Duke of Sutherland).Шаблон:Sfn In 1823, their son George married Lady Harriet Howard, daughter of George Howard, 6th Earl of Carlisle.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Lady Elizabeth Leveson-Gower was born the following year as their eldest daughter, on 30 May 1824.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Three brothers and two sisters followed.Шаблон:Sfn

With family estates in Scotland and England, Elizabeth's upbringing involved much travel. Their main residence was the lavish Stafford House, London, which they acquired in 1827; they also resided on many country estates. The couple, especially Harriet, led vibrant social lives.Шаблон:Sfn She was a political hostess known for her friendship and position as Mistress of the Robes to the young Queen Victoria.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn In 1833, the 1st Duke died and Elizabeth's father succeeded as 2nd Duke of Sutherland, inheriting extensive property.Шаблон:Sfn The historian Eric Richards writes that the first half of the nineteenth century saw the height of the House of Sutherland's social and economic influence, with its wealth being derived from rents, various stocks, and dividends from transportation firms.Шаблон:Sfn

Marriage

Файл:Trentham Hall Jones.jpg
Trentham Hall in the 1820s

While accompanying Queen Victoria to Taymouth Castle in 1842, Lady Elizabeth met George Douglas Campbell, Marquess of Lorne, the eldest son of the 7th Duke of Argyll.Шаблон:Sfn They married at the Leveson-Gower estate Trentham Hall on 31 July 1844.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The Archbishop of York, Edward Venables-Vernon-Harcourt, presided over the wedding.Шаблон:Sfn The Argyll estate was in debt, so Elizabeth's wealth was much needed.Шаблон:Sfn Their union resulted in the further joining of two of Scotland's largest landowning families.Шаблон:Sfn

The young couple was given Rosneath by his father at the time of their marriage.Шаблон:Sfn Deeply religious, Elizabeth had been raised in the Anglican faithШаблон:Sfn but converted to the Church of Scotland upon her marriage, taking her first communion in the faith later that year.Шаблон:Sfn Like many of her predecessors, Elizabeth was a strong supporter of the Scottish Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Argyll and The Isles.Шаблон:Sfn The couple possessed similar interest in liberal politics.Шаблон:Sfn Elizabeth was dignified and cultured,Шаблон:Sfn and Lorne found in his new wife "more than all that had been told me by her numerous friends... On some subjects, excepting philosophy and the natural sciences, she was more widely read than I was at the time."Шаблон:Sfn

Duchess of Argyll

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Carte de visite of the Duchess of Argyll

Lorne succeeded his father as 8th Duke of Argyll on 25 April 1847, whereupon Elizabeth became Duchess of Argyll.Шаблон:Sfn The family's primary estates included Argyll Lodge in London, the family seat of Inveraray Castle in Argyllshire, and Rosneath.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Their first child, John, was born within a year of their marriage. They would have an additional four sons and seven daughters.Шаблон:Sfn The Argyll household was sober, proper, and driven by routine with prescribed times for prayer, breakfast, lunch, and dinner.Шаблон:Sfn The children were not expected to show emotion such as crying, except for "real causes" like the death of a family pet.Шаблон:Sfn The Scottish scholar John Stuart Blackie enjoyed the solemnity of the couple's lifestyle and visited them often; he dedicated his 1876 work Language and Literature of the Scottish Highlands to Elizabeth.Шаблон:Sfn

The historian Anne Jordan writes that the Duchess was "old before her time," having given birth to twelve children.Шаблон:Sfn She suffered from ill health, in part due to an 1868 stroke which left her partially incapacitated;Шаблон:Sfn this forced much of the children's upbringing to be overseen by her husband.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Her third daughter Lady Victoria, who also suffered from ill health due to a contraction of poliomyelitis, nursed her mother.Шаблон:Sfn Once adults, the children's marriage settlements were a drain on the family's resources, with all but one eventually marrying.Шаблон:Sfn Their eldest son John married the Queen's fourth daughter Princess Louise in 1871, and became the Governor General of Canada in 1878.Шаблон:Sfn

Like her mother the Duchess of Sutherland, the Duchess of Argyll was a prominent supporter of the abolitionist movement.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Elizabeth was one of many British women affected by the 1852 anti-slavery novel Uncle Tom's Cabin. The following year at her mother's house, the Duchess helped draft a letter titled An Affectionate and Christian Address of Many Thousands of Women of Great Britain and Ireland to Their Sisters, the Women of the United States of America. The letter, eventually signed by 562,848 women, called for an end to slavery because the institution did not recognise slave marriages, led to parent-children separations, and prevented slaves from receiving Christian educations.Шаблон:Sfn It was sent to the author of Uncle Tom's Cabin, the American abolitionist author Harriet Beecher Stowe;Шаблон:Sfn she and the Duchess of Argyll became friends, and maintained a correspondence.Шаблон:Sfn Harriet Beecher Stowe would often visit the duchesses of Sutherland and Argyll when she travelled to England and benefited from their connections to senior politicians.Шаблон:Sfn The Duke and Duchess of Argyll were also friends with American politician and anti-slavery leader Charles Sumner, leading historian Amanda Foreman to write that the "relationship between [the Duke of Argyll] and Sumner would prove to be one of the most important friendships of the Civil War."Шаблон:Sfn

In December 1868, Lady Campbell was appointed Mistress of the Robes to Queen Victoria, succeeding Elizabeth Wellesley, Duchess of Wellington as a member of William Ewart Gladstone's first ministry.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn She resigned the position in 1870 due to ill health,Шаблон:Sfn and was succeeded by her sister-in-law Anne Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, Duchess of Sutherland.Шаблон:Sfn In December 1877, Queen Victoria created the Order of the Crown of India and conferred it upon the Duchess of Argyll and dozens of other royal and noblewomen.Шаблон:Sfn She was also a member of the Royal Order of Victoria and Albert, Second Class.Шаблон:Sfn The Duchess of Argyll died on 25 May 1878, whilst eating with Gladstone in London.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn She is buried at Kilmun Parish Church.

Three years later her widower married again, to Amelia Maria, daughter of Thomas Legh Claughton, Bishop of St Albans.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Issue

Файл:Elizabeth Georgina Campbell, Duchess of Argyll with her son.jpg
The Duchess of Argyll with her eldest son, John

The Duke and Duchess of Argyll had 12 children:Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

References

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Works cited

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External links

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