Английская Википедия:Elizabeth Parish

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Good article Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Use dmy dates Elizabeth Parish (Шаблон:Nee; 1740/41 – 24 April 1823) was a Swiss-born English governess and lady's companion. She was the daughter of Swiss-born reformed pastor Andreas Planta who became assistant librarian at the British Museum in 1758, and the sister of Joseph Planta, who became principal librarian. She worked for the Bowes-Lyon family in several roles: first, she was governess to Mary Eleanor Bowes, then she became lady's companion to her mother, Mary Bowes Шаблон:Nee. She was the governess of Mary Eleanor Bowes's children until she was dismissed from service in 1776, receiving a generous payoff of £2,000. In 1777, she married John Parish, Superintendent of Ordnance and a member of the Society of Antiquaries. From 1785, she worked for the Bowes-Lyon family again, as governess for Mary Eleanor's daughter Anna Maria Bowes, who escaped her custody and eloped in 1788. Parish moved to Gibraltar with her husband in 1791, returning to England after his death. She died in Petersham in 1823. Two volumes of music in her hand are archived at the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia, one containing among other vocal works 18 compositions of Maurice Greene, and another one with music from operas.

Early life and family

Parish was born as Elizabeth Planta in 1740 or 1741,Шаблон:Sfn to Andreas Planta, a Swiss Reformed pastor who was at the time working in the Swiss town of Castasegna,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn one of only a few parishes with an Italian-speaking Protestant population.Шаблон:Sfn Her mother was Margarete Scartazzini de Bolgiani from Bondo.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn She had several sisters including Frederica Planta, who became governess and English teacher of the daughters of George III and Queen Charlotte,Шаблон:Sfn and one brother, Joseph Planta, later principal librarian of the British Museum.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn After spending time in Erlangen and Ansbach from 1745,Шаблон:Sfn her father moved to London with his family in 1752 to become pastor of the German Reformed congregation at the Savoy Chapel in London where he took up the position of assistant librarian at the British Museum in 1758.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The family continued to speak Romansh at home during their time in London.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Work for the Bowes-Lyon family

Portrait in oil of a woman in a dress with an elaborate hairdo
Mary Eleanor Bowes

From 1757, Planta worked for the Bowes-Lyon family as governess to eight-year-old Mary Eleanor Bowes;Шаблон:Sfn in the same year her father was engaged as the child's French teacher.Шаблон:Sfn In addition to serving as Mary Eleanor's teacher, Planta was also her chaperone and accompanied her to cultural outings.Шаблон:Sfn After the death of her father, George Bowes in 1760, Mary Eleanor became heiress of a vast fortune.Шаблон:Sfn In the absence of her mother Mary (née Gilbert) Bowes, who left London and returned to her home in St Paul's Walden Bury, Mary Eleanor was brought up by her aunt Jane Bowes, together with Planta and several teachers.Шаблон:Sfn During this time, the influence of the Planta family (both Elizabeth and her father Andrew) may have started Mary Eleanor's lifelong interest in botany.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Planta worked as governess until 1767, when Mary Eleanor married John Lyon, the 9th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, who took her last name.Шаблон:Sfn Planta, who had advised against the marriage,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn was kept in the family's employ as lady's companion to Mary Eleanor's mother Mary Bowes, often accompanying her to the opera.Шаблон:Sfn Planta and the younger Mary kept in contact, writing letters in French and Italian. When she was offered the post as the English teacher to the daughters of George III and Queen Charlotte in 1771, she declined the offer, expecting better rewards from staying with the Bowes family. Her sister Frederica was then appointed at court, receiving a salary of £100 that Planta described as "mediocre".Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn In 1774, she returned to Bowes's employ as governess of her children.Шаблон:Sfn

An English country house surrounded by trees
St Paul's Walden Bury

After the Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne's 1776 death, Planta and the children lived in St Paul's Walden Bury, while Bowes stayed in London to be with her lover George Gray.Шаблон:Sfn Afraid that Planta, who had become suspicious of her affair with Gray and possibly her pregnancy and abortion of a child conceived with her lover before her husband had died, could mention this to her mother or the Strathmore family, Bowes dismissed her from service with a generous payoff of £2000 in July 1776.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn As reason for the dismissal she cited bad behaviour and deceit as well as poor treatment of her children by Planta, but there is no evidence of any wrongdoing on the part of the governess.Шаблон:Sfn In his biography The Unhappy Countess, author Ralph Arnold stated the relationship between Planta and her mistress was "puzzling".Шаблон:Sfn In her Confessions, Bowes later described the situation, referring to Planta by her married name, Parish: "Mrs Parish had displeased me so much, and, apt as I am to be disposed on, had shewn such proofs of a dirty interestedness, that I determined to part with her; but, as she had lived with, and partly educated me so many years, was resolved it should be on good terms; therefore, I resolved to raise 2000 pounds by any means, the first money I expended."Шаблон:Sfn As the new governess for the children, Planta's 19-year-old sister Eliza Planta was hired.Шаблон:Sfn In the second half of 1776, Andrew Robinson Stoney started his schemes to become Bowes's husband.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Eliza Planta was increasingly involved in these schemes.Шаблон:Sfn In November, reverend Henry Stephens was hired as tutor to Bowes's younger children, and ten days after eloped with Eliza, who was pregnant at the time. This elopement was encouraged by Bowes, in part as retribution against Elizabeth Planta.Шаблон:Sfn

In 1785, when Bowes was trying to flee the control of her abusive husband, her first husband's family including her brother-in-law Thomas Lyon was not supportive.Шаблон:Sfn Lyon placed Bowes's daughter Anna Maria in Parish's care, nine years after her previous dismissal, with the intention to keep her independent spirit under control.Шаблон:Sfn Anna lived with Parish in Fludyer Street (then a narrow street parallel to Downing Street), Westminster.Шаблон:Sfn Parish, who was described as pious and sanctimonious,Шаблон:Sfn kept a close watch on sixteen-year-old Anna's activities and reading matter, for example once confiscating a book "not fit for the reading of a young Person".Шаблон:Sfn However, she failed to notice her charge's exchange of love letters with Henry Jessop, a young lawyer living opposite of her who was in debt.Шаблон:Sfn According to a letter by Anthony Morris Storer to William Eden, 1st Baron Auckland, Anna had "never seen this man but at his window".Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn In January 1788, Anna crawled over a plank from her window to Jessop's, crossing the narrow street, and the two eloped and married on 28 January.Шаблон:Sfn The Newcastle Journal, when describing the events leading up to the marriage, wrote that "not the least suspicion was ever entertained by Mrs. P".Шаблон:Sfn

Marriage and death

On 30 March 1777, Planta married John Parish, who was Superintendent of Ordnance at the Tower of London.Шаблон:Sfn Their marriage was childless.Шаблон:Sfn John Parish became a member of the Society of Antiquaries on 28 May 1778.Шаблон:Sfn His nephew Woodbine Parish visited him in 1780 and struck up a friendship with Joseph Planta, and their sons, the diplomat Woodbine Parish and Foreign Office civil servant and politician Joseph Planta also were close friends later.Шаблон:Sfn John became Ordnance Storekeeper in Gibraltar in 1791, and the couple moved there.Шаблон:Sfn After her husband's 1798 death, Parish returned to England and died in PetershamШаблон:Sfn on 24 April 1823, aged 82.Шаблон:Sfn

Archived musical manuscripts

Some evidence of Parish's interest in music can be found in archived manuscripts: Two volumes of music and annotations in Parish's hand are held at the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia as part of the "Fondo Mario", the music collection of Giovanni Matteo Mario that was donated in 1926. The first volume, clearly marked with both Parish's birth and married name, contains 34 items of vocal music including 18 compositions by Maurice Greene.Шаблон:Sfn Other works include four duets by Agostino Steffani, a canzonetta by Шаблон:Ill, the six canzonette op. 6 of Johann Christian Bach and three arias from Giovanni Battista Pergolesi's L'Olimpiade as well as some works where the composer is unknown.Шаблон:Sfn The majority of the compositions are in Italian and scored as chamber music.Шаблон:Sfn According to musicologist Michael Talbot, it is likely that Parish's access to and inside knowledge about Greene's music came from Mary (née Gilbert) Bowes, who had performed the title role in one of his operas before her marriage and who had later received visits and musical manuscripts from Greene.Шаблон:Sfn The second volume, titled Italian Songs, contains opera music, extracted from operas that were performed in London between 1765 and 1777.Шаблон:Sfn

Footnotes

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Sources

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