Английская Википедия:Elizabeth of Blois, Duchess of Apulia

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Шаблон:Short description Elizabeth of Blois, sometimes Isabelle (Шаблон:Circa – after 1175), was a French noblewoman, the duchess of Apulia by marriage (1143–1149) and a nun at Fontevraud.

Lineage and marriage negotiations

Файл:Ewer birds Louvre MR333.jpg
The rock crystal ewer given by Elizabeth's future father-in-law to her father on the occasion of her betrothal

Elizabeth was born around 1130.[1] She was a daughter of Count Theobald IV of Blois, a niece of King Stephen of England and a great-granddaughter of William the Conqueror.Шаблон:Sfn According to Alberic of Trois-Fontaines, she was Theobald's third daughter.Шаблон:Sfn Her illustrious lineage made her a suitable match for a king's son. By 1140, she was betrothed to Duke Roger III of Apulia, eldest son and heir apparent of King Roger II of Sicily.Шаблон:Sfn During the negotiations for the marriage, Theobald received an "exquisite" Fatimid rock crystal ewer, which he later gave to Abbot Suger and is now the Ewer of Saint-Denis in the Louvre.[2]

It is very likely that Bernard of Clairvaux acted as mediator in the marriage negotiations.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn He had previously mediated between Roger II and Pope Innocent II, which bore fruit in the treaty of Mignano of 1139. According to a surviving letter of Bernard to Roger II, dated to August 1140, the Sicilian envoys were expected soon to arrive in Montpellier. From there, they would escort the bride and some Cistercian monks back to Sicily. Three further letters from Bernard to Roger deal with the foundation of the first Cistercian monastery in southern Italy, which seems to have been a kind of payment for Bernard's mediation. The monastery of Шаблон:Ill may be the foundation in question, although this is not certain.Шаблон:Sfn

First marriage

Elizabeth probably arrived in Sicily in 1141.Шаблон:Sfn Her marriage, however, seems to have been delayed.[3] In early 1143, Roger II was negotiating with the Byzantine Empire for a better marriage alliance. By late 1143, however, Roger III and Elizabeth had been married.Шаблон:Sfn She took the title "duchess" after her marriage.[4] Although Roger had already fathered two children out of wedlock, there is no record he had any with Elizabeth.Шаблон:Sfn

Elizabeth may have had a brief reunion with some of her family when her brother, Henry the Liberal, stopped in Palermo on his return voyage from the Second Crusade in late 1148.Шаблон:Sfn She may also have played a role in acquiring the porphyry for her father's tomb, since Roger II had a similar tomb of porphyry.Шаблон:Sfn Her husband died unexpectedly on 2 May 1149, and Elizabeth returned to France.Шаблон:Sfn She continued to use the title of duchess until her death.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Second marriage and retirement

Between about 1150 and 1155, Elizabeth married William IV, lord of Шаблон:Ill.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn According to Alberic, they had two daughters: Matilda, who married Hervé III of Donzy, and Agnes, who married Rotrou of Montfort.[5] Matilda was the mother of Count Hervé of Nevers.Шаблон:Sfn

William died in the Holy Land while on a pilgrimage in 1168.[6] He was buried in the cathedral in Sebastia, the purported site of the tomb of John the Baptist. That year, Elizabeth made a donation to the cathedral for the sake of his soul.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Their eldest daughter and her husband, Matilda and Hervé, succeeded to the lordship, but Elizabeth remained influential in the Perche-Gouët.Шаблон:Sfn

Sometime after William's death, Elizabeth entered Fontevraud Abbey, where her sisters Margaret and Mary, widow of Duke Odo II of Burgundy, were already nuns.Шаблон:Sfn This probably took place between 1173, when she met her sister Matilda, wife of Count Rotrou IV of Perche, at Bonneval Abbey, and 1175, when Henry the Liberal made a grant to Fontevraud.[7] Henry was persuaded by his brother, Archbishop William of Reims, to increase his original grant by 10 livres "because our sisters are nuns there".Шаблон:Sfn

The necrology of the priory of Шаблон:Ill lists the death under 13 August of "Lady Elizabeth, venerable nun, duchess, sister of the duchess Lady Mary" (Domina Elisabeth, venerabilis monacha, ducissa, soror domine Marie ducissa).Шаблон:Sfn

Notes

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Bibliography

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb, says she was sent to Sicily "at about the same time" as the council of Sens that took place in May 1140 or 1141 and was "then [aged] about twelve". At p. 207 n46, he cites a source placing her birth circa 1130.
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb, places this gift before Roger's envoys arrived in Montpellier, but Шаблон:Harvnb, suggests that they brought it. See also Шаблон:Harvnb, and Шаблон:Harvnb.
  3. ↑ This is the theory of Шаблон:Harvnb, but see Шаблон:Harvnb, for others who place the marriage in 1142.
  4. ↑ Both Alberic, who calls her "a duchess in remote parts" (Шаблон:Harvnb), and her obituary (Шаблон:Harvnb) give her this title.
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb; Шаблон:Harvnb. There is one document that gives Matilda the name Isabella.
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb, gives 1168, but Шаблон:Harvnb, gives 1169.
  7. ↑ This is the conclusion of Шаблон:Harvnb, who had previously accepted the date of 1180 for her becoming a nun (see Шаблон:Harvnb). On her the meeting at Bonneval, see Шаблон:Harvnb.
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