Английская Википедия:Emancipation Park (Houston)

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Шаблон:Infobox park Emancipation Park and Emancipation Community Center are located at 3018 Emancipation Ave in the Third Ward area of Houston.[1] It is the oldest park in Houston,[2] and the oldest in Texas.[3] In portions of the Jim Crow period it was the sole public park in the area available to African-Americans.[4]

History

Файл:EmancipationPark.JPG
Emancipation Park (former buildings)

In 1872, Richard Allen, Richard Brock, Jack Yates, and Elias Dibble together bought Шаблон:Convert of parkland with $800 ($Шаблон:Inflation in 2013 inflation-adjusted dollars).[5] The men, led by Yates, were members of the Antioch Missionary Baptist Church and the Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church.[6] They did this to commemorate the end of slavery in the United States.[7] As the owners lacked funds to keep the park open year-round, it was originally solely used for Juneteenth celebrations.[8] The park received its current name in 1872.[9]

The City of Houston received the park in 1916 as part of a donation;[4] the city converted it into a municipal park in 1918.[5] From 1922 to 1940 it was Houston's sole park for African-Americans, since the city government had declared its parks racially segregated in 1922.[10] Many concerts, musical performances, and Juneteenth celebrations were held in Emancipation Park.[6]

During this period, the park constructed a recreation center, swimming pool, and bathhouse, designed by prominent Houston architect William Ward Watkin. The buildings have been used for after-school and summer programs for children, community meetings, and classes for youth and adults.[11]

The park fell into disrepair in the 1970s after wealthier blacks left the Third Ward during the integration process.[12] By 2007 it had stopped hosting Juneteenth celebrations.[13]

In 2006, Carol Parrott Blue and Bill Milligan, natives of the Third Ward, formed "Friends of Emancipation Park" in order to revitalize the park.[14] The board was established in March 2007. On November 7, 2007 the Houston City Council declared the park a historic landmark after it voted unanimously to do so.[15] Carol Alvarado introduced the resolution.[16]

In 2011, the city government planned to establish a capital campaign to install new facilities at the park. It spent $2 million in its own money and secured $4 million in funding from the local government corporation OST/Almeda Corridors Redevelopment Authority as well as $1 million in funding from the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department.[17] In 2012, Mayor of Houston Annise Parker made requests for donations in order to secure additional funding.[18] The renovation project had a cost of $33 million. Groundbreaking occurred on Saturday, October 26, 2013.[5]

In 2014, the Emancipation Park Conservancy formed to restore, manage, and enhance Emancipation Park. In 2016, the group entered into a 30-year joint management agreement with the City of Houston to provide fundraising and maintenance for the park.[19][20][21]

Also in 2016, the City of Houston Planning Commission passed a resolution to have Dowling Avenue, a street bordering Emancipation Park named after Confederate soldier Richard W. Dowling, renamed to Emancipation Avenue.[22] In January 2017, Houston City Council voted unanimously to legally designate Emancipation Avenue.[23]

In 2017, $33.6 million worth of renovations and new developments were completed to modernize the park.[24] Also, Juneteenth and other black-centric celebrations were brought back to the park.[25]

In 2019 it became a UNESCO Slave Route Project site.[26]

Composition

The community center includes an indoor gymnasium, a weight room, and meeting rooms. The park has an outdoor basketball pavilion, lighted sports fields, lighted tennis courts, a swimming pool, a playground, and picnic areas.[27][28]

A swimming and recreation complex with an attached bathhouse was built in 1938 and 1939. William Ward Watkin designed the structure.[4] The basketball court was added in the 1970s.[5]

The 2010s renovated facilities were designed by a North Carolina black architect, Phil Freelon. Mimi Swartz of Texas Monthly described him as "arguably" the "most prominent" American black architect.[3] The new facilities include a playground, a swimming pool, and a performance hall.[3]

There is a historical marker that was dedicated in 2009.[29]

References

Reference notes

Шаблон:Reflist

Further reading

Note

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Third Ward, Houston

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  1. ↑ "communitylist1.gif Шаблон:Webarchive." City of Houston. Retrieved on April 13, 2009.
  2. ↑ Blue, p. 18.
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 Wood, Roger. Down in Houston: Bayou City Blues. University of Texas Press. Шаблон:ISBN, 9780292786639. p. 82.
  7. ↑ Turner, Allan. "UH exhibit focuses on Third Ward history, people." Houston Chronicle. March 23, 2011. Retrieved on March 24, 2011.
  8. ↑ Blue, p. 15-16.
  9. ↑ Blue, p. 15.
  10. ↑ "Emancipation Park WRITTEN HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE DATA." Library of Congress. Retrieved on March 3, 2017. p. 8 of 11.
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ Blue, p. 17.
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  23. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  24. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  25. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  27. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  28. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  29. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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