Английская Википедия:Emil Bitsch

Emil Bitsch (14 June 1916 – 15 March 1944) was a Luftwaffe flying ace of World War II. He was one of the most successful pilots on the Eastern Front; being credited with 108 aerial victories. He claimed 104 over the Eastern Front and four four-engine bombers over the Western Front.Шаблон:Sfn He may have been the pilot that shot down Soviet female ace Yekaterina Budanova. Bitsch was killed in action against United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) fighters on 15 March 1944.

Career

Bitsch was born on 14 June 1916 in Bad Griesbach in the Grand Duchy of Baden within the German Empire.Шаблон:Sfn

World War II in Europe had begun on Friday 1 September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland. In July 1941, Bitsch served with III. Gruppe (3rd group) of Jagdgeschwader 3 (JG 3–3rd Fighter Wing), based on the Eastern Front and under the command of Walter Oesau.Шаблон:Refn The Wehrmacht had launched Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union, on 22 June 1941. III. Gruppe supported Army Group South in its strategic goal towards the heavily populated and agricultural heartland of Ukraine, taking Kiev before continuing eastward over the steppes of southern USSR to the Volga with the aim of controlling the oil-rich Caucasus.Шаблон:Sfn

Operating from an airfield at Lutsk, Bitsch claimed his first victory on 2 July over an Ilyushin Il-2.Шаблон:Sfn He had a total of five victories by the end of the year. He claimed two Russian Yak-4 twin-engine fighters which were shot down on 24 June 1942 to claim his 9th and 10th victories. In July, he claimed 15 victories, including his 20th 'kill' which he shot down on 13 July. Bitsch recorded 18 victories in August, including his 30th victim shot down on 16 August; his score had risen to 40 on 28 August.Шаблон:Sfn On 6 November, III. Gruppe was withdrawn from the Eastern Front and sent to Mannheim-Sandhofen Airfield for a period of rest and replenishment. The first elements of the Gruppe arrived by train in Mannheim on 8 December, the transfer was completed a week later. There, the personnel was sent on home leave.Шаблон:Sfn The Gruppe received a full complement of 41 Messerschmitt Bf 109 F-4 aircraft and on 6 January 1942 was ordered to relocated to Sicily. On 13 January, 7. Staffel and elements of 8. and 9. Staffel boarded a train to Bari in southern Italy while the rest of III. Gruppe headed for Sciacca, Sicily. The relocation progressed until 26 January when new orders were received, ordering the Gruppe to return to Germany. At Jesau near Königsberg, present-day Kaliningrad in Russia, III. Gruppe began preparations for redeployment to the Eastern Front again.Шаблон:Sfn

On 4 September 1942, Oberleutnant Bitsch was shot down by anti aircraft artillery northwest of Stalingrad. He bailed out of his Messerschmitt Bf 109 F-4 (Werknummer 13325—factory number) and landed safely but suffered light injuries in the incident.Шаблон:Sfn He later returned to combat duty and continued flying. Bitsch recorded his 50th victory on 19 March 1943 three km South of Stary. On 1 June 1943, Bitsch succeeded Oberleunant Franz Beyer who was transferred to IV. Gruppe as Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 8./JG 3.Шаблон:Sfn In July, Oberleutnant Bitsch claimed 29 aerial victories. On 5 July, he became an "ace-in-a-day",Шаблон:Sfn including three Ilyushin Il-2 ground-attack aircraft on one mission.Шаблон:Sfn On 19 July he shot a Yakovlev Yak-1 down on the Mius front, possibly flown by Soviet female ace Yekaterina Budanova.Шаблон:Sfn He recorded his 100th victory on 21 July 1943 over a Lavochkin La-5.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn He was the 46th Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.Шаблон:Sfn III. Gruppe flew its last combat missions on the Eastern Front on 1 August 1943. The next day, the Gruppe was ordered to Tschassof-Jar and then back to Germany where it was based at Münster-Handorf Airfield.Шаблон:Sfn

Defense of the Reich and death

Файл:Combatbox.gif

Combat box of a 12-plane B-17 squadron. Three such boxes completed a 36-plane group box. Шаблон:Ordered list

III. Gruppe arrived in Münster-Handorf on 3 August where it was placed under the command of Major Walther Dahl.Шаблон:Sfn Dahl had been appointed Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) on 20 July 1943.Шаблон:Sfn The Gruppe immediately began preparations for Defense of the Reich (Шаблон:Lang) missions and was subordinated to Fighter Leader for the Holland area (Шаблон:Lang).Шаблон:Sfn Bitsch was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Шаблон:Lang) on 29 August after 104 victories claimed on the Eastern Front.Шаблон:Sfn On 25 August, III. Gruppe was ordered to relocate to Bad Wörishofen in southern Germany.Шаблон:Sfn On 1 October, the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) attacked German aircraft production, approaching from the south, targeting the Wiener Neustadt Flugzeugwerke (WNF) in Wiener Neustadt and other targets at Friedrichshafen. At 12:30, III. Gruppe was scrambled. Approximately one hour later, the Gruppe intercepted the flight of 50 to 60 Consolidated B-24 Liberator bombers and 25 Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bombers. In aerial combat which in parts was fought in Swiss airspace, III. Gruppe, without loss, claimed four aerial victories and three Herausschüsse (separation shots–a severely damaged heavy bomber forced to separate from its combat box and which the Luftwaffe counted as an aerial victory).Шаблон:Sfn In this engagement, Bitsch claimed the destruction of a B-17 which was shot down at 13:44.Шаблон:Sfn

On 14 October, the USAAF Eighth Air Force (USAAF) launched the second Schweinfurt raid, attacking the vital ball bearing factories at Schweinfurt. In total, 291 B-17s from the 1st and 3rd Air Division, escorted by two fighter groups, were sent on the mission. The USAAF suffered heavy losses that day. III. Gruppe claimed eighteen aerial victories and Herausschüsse that day.Шаблон:Sfn A B-17 destroyed at 14:45 was credited to Bitsch.Шаблон:Sfn On 19 December, the Fifteenth Air Force targeted the railroad transportation infrastructure at Insbruck as well as Messerschmitt aircraft manufacturing sites at Augsburg. III. Gruppe intercepted the bombers near Insbruck and claimed eight aerial victories, among them, a B-17 shot down by Bitsch.Шаблон:Sfn

Because the weather conditions at Bad Wörishofen rendered the airfield unserviceable, III. Gruppe was ordered to relocate to Leipheim on 18 February 1944.Шаблон:Sfn Bitsch claimed his 108th and last aerial victory on 23 February during the USAAF "Big Week" operation.Шаблон:Sfn On 15 March 1944, 344 heavy bombers of 2nd and 3rd Air Division, escorted by 588 fighter aircraft, attacked German aircraft manufacturing at Braunschweig. At 10:57, 20 aircraft from III. Gruppe took off at Leipheim and were initially ordered to Wiesbaden-Erbenheim. While the flight was still airborne, the Gruppe received further instructions and were vectored to intercept the USAAF bombers on their return from the target area. In the vicinity of Volkel in North Brabant, Netherlands, III. Gruppe came under attack of approximately 20 to 30 Republic P-47 Thunderbolt fighters. In this engagement, III. Gruppe lost six Messerschmitt Bf 109 G-6 fighters for one aerial victory claimed.Шаблон:Sfn That day, Bitsch was shot down and killed in action by a P-47 of the 352d Fighter Group in his Bf 109 G-6 (Werknummer 161139) Шаблон:Convert west of Schijndel.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn Bitsch was succeeded by Oberleutnant Raimund Koch as commander of 8. Staffel.Шаблон:Sfn

Post-war

Файл:Deutscher Soldatenfriedhof Ysselsteyn - Emil Bitsch.jpg

German War Cemetery Ysselsteyn – Emil Bitsch

Bitsch is buried at the German war cemetery at Ysselsteyn (in the Netherlands). The crash site was rediscovered in 1994 by Thijs Hellings, a researcher of the World War II airwar from Schijndel. With help from the landowner, remains of the plane were recovered including the radio, armored glass, the compass and many other small items.Шаблон:Sfn

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Bitsch was credited with 108 aerial victories.Шаблон:Sfn Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces – Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 106 aerial victory claims. This figure includes 105 aerial victories on the Eastern Front and one four-engined bomber on the Western Front.Шаблон:Sfn

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 34 Ost 7546". The Luftwaffe grid map (Шаблон:Lang) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about Шаблон:Convert. These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area Шаблон:Convert in size.Шаблон:Sfn

Chronicle of aerial victories
Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend
Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location	Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location
– 8. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 –Шаблон:Sfn Operation Barbarossa – 22 June – 5 December 1941
1	2 July 1941	12:28	V-11 (Il-2)Шаблон:Sfn		4	3 October 1941	14:42	V-11 (Il-2)Шаблон:Sfn
2	10 July 1941	14:45	I-16	Шаблон:Convert south of SabelotschjeШаблон:Sfn	5	5 October 1941	14:38	SB-3 Шаблон:Sfn
3	20 September 1941	17:06	Pe-2 Шаблон:Sfn		6	5 November 1941	11:55	I-61 (MiG-3)Шаблон:Sfn
– 8. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front – 10 February 1942 – 14 April 1942
7	26 February 1942	14:33	I-301 (LaGG-3)	south of Staraya Russa Шаблон:Sfn	9	19 March 1942	08:57	I-61 (MiG-3)	Шаблон:Convert south of Staraya RussaШаблон:Sfn
8	15 March 1942	12:58	Pe-2	Шаблон:Convert south of Demyansk Шаблон:Sfn
– 8. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front – 19 May – 13 August 1942
10	24 June 1942	18:12	Yak-4	northeast of Shchigry Шаблон:Sfn	21	13 July 1942	09:58	R-10 Шаблон:Sfn
11	24 June 1942	18:17	Yak-4	northeast of Stary TschenoissinowoШаблон:Sfn	22	26 July 1942	16:15	LaGG-3Шаблон:Sfn
12	2 July 1942	07:00	MiG-3Шаблон:Sfn		23	26 July 1942	16:18	LaGG-3Шаблон:Sfn
13	2 July 1942	12:10	Boston Шаблон:Sfn		24	28 July 1942	13:13	LaGG-3Шаблон:Sfn
14	2 July 1942	12:13	BostonШаблон:Sfn		25	31 July 1942	11:05	Pe-2	southeast of Kalach Шаблон:Sfn
15	3 July 1942	19:25	Il-2Шаблон:Sfn		26	31 July 1942	11:42	Il-2	west of Kletskaya Шаблон:Sfn
16	3 July 1942	19:26	Il-2Шаблон:Sfn		27	7 August 1942	17:40	Pe-2	southwest of Stalingrad Шаблон:Sfn
17	4 July 1942	17:16	BostonШаблон:Sfn		28	7 August 1942	17:41	Pe-2	Шаблон:Convert southwest of StalingradШаблон:Sfn
18	4 July 1942	17:17	BostonШаблон:Sfn		29	12 August 1942	18:00	LaGG-3	southeast of Kalach
19	5 July 1942	06:20	Yak-4Шаблон:Sfn		30	13 August 1942	09:35	MiG-3	north of PasowШаблон:Sfn
20	5 July 1942	06:22	Yak-4Шаблон:Sfn
– 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front – 16 August 1942 – 3 February 1943
31	16 August 1942	09:35	MiG-3	Шаблон:Convert south of JagowoШаблон:Sfn	40	28 August 1942	17:00	LaGG-3	northeast of StalingradШаблон:Sfn
32	19 August 1942	17:50	Il-2	southeast of KatschalinskayaШаблон:Sfn	41	28 August 1942	17:20	Il-2	east of StalingradШаблон:Sfn
33	19 August 1942	17:55	R-5	southeast of KatschalinskayaШаблон:Sfn	42	29 August 1942	06:05	LaGG-3	northwest of Dubovka Шаблон:Sfn
34	20 August 1942	16:22	Pe-2	south-southwest of RajgorodШаблон:Sfn	43	30 August 1942	16:50	Il-2	west of SareptaШаблон:Sfn
35	20 August 1942	16:26	Pe-2	west of Lake SvetlijaШаблон:Sfn	44	31 August 1942	10:45	Il-2	east of SareptaШаблон:Sfn
36	21 August 1942	17:40	LaGG-3	east of StalingradШаблон:Sfn	45	2 September 1942	17:10	Pe-2	Шаблон:Convert northeast of StalingradШаблон:Sfn
37	25 August 1942	05:30	R-5	StalingradШаблон:Sfn	46	2 September 1942	17:11	Pe-2	Шаблон:Convert northeast of StalingradШаблон:Sfn
38	27 August 1942	05:25	I-16	AchtubaШаблон:Sfn	47	4 September 1942	06:55	Il-2	Шаблон:Convert west of StalingradШаблон:Sfn
39	27 August 1942	15:20	LaGG-3	north-northwest of AchtubaШаблон:Sfn
– 8. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front – 4 February – March 1943
48	9 March 1943	11:35	Yak-1	Petrovsky Шаблон:Sfn	?Шаблон:Refn	16 March 1943	15:15	La-5?Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Refn
49	9 March 1943	11:37	Yak-1	southwest of PetrovskyШаблон:Sfn
– 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front – March – April 1943
50	19 March 1943	10:38	Il-2	Шаблон:Convert south of StaryШаблон:Sfn	55	23 April 1943	09:15	P-39	PQ 34 Ost 7546, KabardinkaШаблон:Sfn
51	20 March 1943	08:45	LaGG-3	Шаблон:Convert southwest of Rostov-on-Don Шаблон:Sfn	56	27 April 1943	04:45	Il-2	PQ 34 Ost 8812, southeast of Makiivka Шаблон:Sfn
52	23 March 1943	15:46	Il-2	Шаблон:Convert east of Chuhuiv Шаблон:Sfn	57	27 April 1943	04:50	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 8823, southeast of MakiivkaШаблон:Sfn
53	25 March 1943	13:50	LaGG-3	Шаблон:Convert south of Rostov-on-DonШаблон:Sfn	58	27 April 1943	04:52	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 8979, east of MakiivkaШаблон:Sfn
54	20 April 1943	08:35	LaGG-3Шаблон:Sfn		59	29 April 1943	09:20	R-5	PQ 34 Ost 9868, south of MassalskojeШаблон:Sfn
?Шаблон:Refn	20 April 1943	11:05	Il-2	Шаблон:Convert south of Novorossiysk
– 8. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front – 4 February – 1 August 1943
60?^{[Note 1]}	2 May 1943	06:05	LaGG-3	east of Starobilsk Шаблон:Sfn	83	8 July 1943	05:57	Pe-2	PQ 35 Ost 6123, southeast of Prokhorovka Шаблон:Sfn
61	6 May 1943	18:10	Il-2	southeast of SlavyanskШаблон:Sfn	84	8 July 1943	13:02	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 6127, north of Belgorod Шаблон:Sfn
62	6 May 1943	18:13	Il-2	east of Krasnyi Lyman Шаблон:Sfn	85	8 July 1943	13:12	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 6124, north of BelgorodШаблон:Sfn
63	9 May 1943	06:55	LaGG-3	BatayskШаблон:Sfn	86	11 July 1943	13:35	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 6124, southeast of WerchopenjeШаблон:Sfn
64	9 May 1943	16:10	Pe-2	northeast of Krasnyi LymanШаблон:Sfn	87	11 July 1943	13:35	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 6124, southeast of WerchopenjeШаблон:Sfn
65	12 May 1943	05:05	Il-2	southwest of Izium Шаблон:Sfn	88	13 July 1943	05:39	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 6287, west of ProkhorovkaШаблон:Sfn
66	14 May 1943	17:35	Il-2	east of PribodnojeШаблон:Sfn	89	13 July 1943	05:41	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 6288, west of ProkhorovkaШаблон:Sfn
67	24 May 1943	07:14	I-16	west of BatayskШаблон:Sfn	90	15 July 1943	18:10	Pe-2	PQ 35 Ost 7072, IziumШаблон:Sfn
68	24 May 1943	07:17	I-16	west of BatayskШаблон:Sfn	91	16 July 1943	04:57	La-5	east of IziumШаблон:Sfn
69	10 June 1943	08:45	La-5	north of Starobilsk-OstШаблон:Sfn	92	16 July 1943	18:25	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 89142Шаблон:Sfn
70	11 June 1943	11:01	La-5	east of PokrowskojeШаблон:Sfn	93	17 July 1943	10:25	Il-2	Шаблон:Convert south of IziumШаблон:Sfn
71	13 June 1943	04:05	LaGG-3	southeast of StarobilskШаблон:Sfn	94	19 July 1943	05:35	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 7087, southeast of IziumШаблон:Sfn
72	13 June 1943	04:15	LaGG-3	east of StarobilskШаблон:Sfn	95	19 July 1943	05:42	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 7085, southeast of IziumШаблон:Sfn
73	15 June 1943	17:34	LaGG-3	north of StarobilskШаблон:Sfn	96	19 July 1943	05:45	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 7068, northeast of IziumШаблон:Sfn
74	2 July 1943	09:40	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 7922, southeast of SslawjanskШаблон:Sfn	97	19 July 1943	12:10	Yak-1	PQ 35 Ost 9814Шаблон:Sfn
75♠	5 July 1943	03:21?Шаблон:Refn	Il-2	east of BelgorodШаблон:Sfn	98	20 July 1943	04:15	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 7075, IziumШаблон:Sfn
76♠	5 July 1943	03:25	Il-2	east of BelgorodШаблон:Sfn	99	20 July 1943	04:20	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 7072, IziumШаблон:Sfn
77♠	5 July 1943	07:42	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 61184, west of Volchansk Шаблон:Sfn	100	21 July 1943	14:14	Il-2	PQ 34 Ost 7913, northwest of SslawjankШаблон:Sfn
78♠	5 July 1943	07:51	Il-2	northwest of ProkhorovkaШаблон:Sfn	101	31 July 1943	05:35	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 8826Шаблон:Sfn
79♠	5 July 1943	12:35	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 6133, southeast of ProkhorovkaШаблон:Sfn	102	31 July 1943	05:55	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 8823Шаблон:Sfn
80♠	5 July 1943	16:40	Il-5	PQ 35 Ost 6149, southeast of BelgorodШаблон:Sfn	103	1 August 1943	10:30	Il-2	PQ 34 Ost 8822Шаблон:Sfn
81	7 July 1943	04:15	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 6162, southeast of BelgorodШаблон:Sfn	104	1 August 1943	10:32	Il-2	PQ 34 Ost 8825Шаблон:Sfn
82	7 July 1943	17:15	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 6127, east of JakowlewoШаблон:Sfn
– 8. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –Шаблон:Sfn Defense of the Reich – 8 August 1943 – 15 March 1944
?Шаблон:Refn Шаблон:Refn	1 October 1943	13:44	B-17 Шаблон:Sfn		107	19 December 1943	12:28	B-17Шаблон:Sfn	PQ 04 Ost S/KCШаблон:Sfn
105?^{[Note 1]}	14 October 1943	14:45	B-17Шаблон:Sfn	southeast of Schweinfurt Шаблон:Sfn	108?^{[Note 1]}	23 February 1944	Шаблон:Center	B-24 Шаблон:Sfn
106?^{[Note 1]}Шаблон:Refn	14 October 1943	14:55	B-17*	north of Arnstein Шаблон:Sfn

Awards

Iron Cross (1939) 2nd and 1st ClassШаблон:Sfn
Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 31 August 1942 as Leutnant and pilotШаблон:Sfn
German Cross in Gold on 19 October 1942 as a Leutnant in the I./Jagdgeschwader 3Шаблон:Sfn
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 29 August 1943 as an Oberleutnant (war officer) and Staffelkapitän of the 8./Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet"Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

Шаблон:Top German World War II Aces Шаблон:Subject bar

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[Note 1]

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Разное	Викиум - Онлайн-тренажер для мозга Like Центр - Центр поддержки и развития предпринимательства. Gamersbay - лучший магазин по бустингу для World of Warcraft. Ноотропы OmniMind N°1 - Усиливает мозговую активность. Повышает мотивацию. Улучшает память. Санкт-Петербургская школа телевидения - это федеральная сеть образовательных центров, которая имеет филиалы в 37 городах России. Lingualeo.com — интерактивный онлайн-сервис для изучения и практики английского языка в увлекательной игровой форме. Junyschool (Джунискул) – международная школа программирования и дизайна для детей и подростков от 5 до 17 лет, где ученики осваивают компьютерную грамотность, развивают алгоритмическое и креативное мышление, изучают основы программирования и компьютерной графики, создают собственные проекты: игры, сайты, программы, приложения, анимации, 3D-модели, монтируют видео. Умназия - Интерактивные онлайн-курсы и тренажеры для развития мышления детей 6-13 лет SkillBox - это один из лидеров российского рынка онлайн-образования. Среди партнеров Skillbox ведущий разработчик сервисного дизайна AIC, медиа-компания Yoola, первое и самое крупное русскоязычное аналитическое агентство Tagline, онлайн-школа дизайна и иллюстрации Bang! Bang! Education, оператор PR-рынка PACO, студия рисования Draw&Go, агентство performance-маркетинга Ingate, scrum-студия Sibirix, имидж-лаборатория Персона. «Нетология» — это университет по подготовке и дополнительному обучению специалистов в области интернет-маркетинга, управления проектами и продуктами, дизайна, Data Science и разработки. В рамках Нетологии студенты получают ценные теоретические знания от лучших экспертов Рунета, выполняют практические задания на отработку полученных навыков, общаются с экспертами и единомышленниками. Познакомиться со всеми продуктами подробнее можно на сайте https://netology.ru, линейка курсов и профессий постоянно обновляется. StudyBay Brazil – это онлайн биржа для португалоговорящих студентов и авторов! Студент получает уникальную работу любого уровня сложности и больше свободного времени, в то время как у автора появляется дополнительный заработок и бесценный опыт. Автор24 — самая большая в России площадка по написанию учебных работ: контрольные и курсовые работы, дипломы, рефераты, решение задач, отчеты по практике, а так же любой другой вид работы. Сервис сотрудничает с более 70 000 авторов. Более 1 000 000 работ уже выполнено. StudyBay – это онлайн биржа для англоязычных студентов и авторов! Студент получает уникальную работу любого уровня сложности и больше свободного времени, в то время как у автора появляется дополнительный заработок и бесценный опыт.

Английская Википедия:Emil Bitsch

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