Английская Википедия:Emil Lang

Emil Lang (14 January 1909 – 3 September 1944), nicknamed "Bully", was a Luftwaffe flying ace during World War II. A flying ace or fighter ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat.Шаблон:Sfn Lang was credited with 173 aerial victories—144 on the Eastern Front, 29 on the Western Front—and one Soviet MTB sunk in 403 combat missions.Шаблон:Sfn

Posted to a fighter wing on the Eastern Front, Lang claimed his first aerial victories in March 1943. He was credited with 72 victories in a three-week period, among them an unsurpassed total of 18 on 3 November 1943. He received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 22 November 1943 for his 119 victories to that time. By March 1944, his claims totaled 144, for which he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves on 11 April 1944. Transferred to the Western Front, he claimed his 150th victim during the Normandy Invasion on 14 June 1944. He scored his last three victories on 26 August 1944; on 3 September 1944, he was killed in action over Belgium.

Early life and career

Lang was born on 14 January 1909 at Thalheim, now part of Fraunberg in the Isar region near Freising in Bavaria, Germany. He was a well-known track-and-field athlete who ran the middle distances. Prior to World War II, he qualified as a civil pilot and flew with Deutsche Luft Hansa.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn Lang earned the nickname "Bully" from his 'bulldog-like' looks, characterized by his barrel-chested physique.Шаблон:Sfn He joined the Luftwaffe as a member of the military reserve force on 4 January 1938. From 8 May to 3 June 1939, he served with 8. Staffel (8th squadron) of Kampfgeschwader 51 (KG 51—51st Bomber Wing). On 26 August 1939, he was put on active duty.Шаблон:Sfn

World War II

World War II in Europe began on Friday 1 September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland. Following the outbreak of war, Lang served as a transport pilot with the Fliegerhorst Kompanie (Airfield Company) at Gablingen, flying missions to Norway, France, Crete and North Africa. On 1 November 1941, he was promoted to Leutnant (second lieutenant).Шаблон:Sfn

Lang was 33 years old when he was accepted for fighter pilot training in 1942. He undertook courses at the Jagdflieger Vorschule 1 (1st Fighter Pilot Preparation School) (3 July 1942 – 14 August 1942) and Jagdfliegerschule 5 (5th Fighter Pilot School) (15 August 1942 – 5 January 1943).Шаблон:Sfn He was then assigned to Jagdgruppe Ost (Fighter Group East) on 6 January 1943 and then to Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing) on the Eastern Front on 11 February 1943.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn^{[Note 1]} Serving with 1./JG 54 (1st Squadron of the 54th Fighter Wing), Leutnant Lang was 34 and considered exceptionally old for a novice fighter pilot. His first three aerial victories were claimed in March 1943, and within a month he was transferred to 5./JG 54 (5th Squadron of the 54th Fighter Wing) of which he became Staffelkapitän (Squadron Leader) on 20 August 1943.Шаблон:Sfn Lang had already briefly served as acting Staffelkapitän of 5. Staffel from July to early August before he officially succeeded Oberleutnant Max Stotz in this function after Stotz was reported missing in action on 19 August 1943.Шаблон:Sfn

Before the year's end, Lang's kill tally stood at over 100 victories, with a remarkable 72 scored around Kiev in just three weeks during October and November 1943. He was the 58th Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.Шаблон:Sfn This series of multiple victories included ten on 13 October 1943 and 12 (victories 61–72) in three combat missions on 21 October 1943, which earned Lang his first of two references in the Wehrmachtbericht, a bulletin issued by the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht, the Wehrmacht High Command.Шаблон:Sfn During the Battle of Kiev, Lang set an all-time world record of 18 aerial victories claimed from four combat missions in one day on 3 November 1943, making him aviation history's leading ace-in-a-day.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn This achievement led to him appearing on the cover of the 13 January 1944 Berliner Illustrirte Zeitung (Berlin's Illustrated Magazine).Шаблон:Sfn Lang was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Шаблон:Lang) after 119 aerial victories on 22 November 1943, followed three days later by the German Cross in Gold (Шаблон:Lang).Шаблон:Sfn

On 9 April 1944, Oberleutnant (First Lieutenant) Lang was appointed Staffelkapitän of the 9./JG 54 (9th Squadron of the 54th Fighter Wing) engaged in Defence of the Reich on the Western Front. He replaced Leutnant Alfred Kromer who was killed on 8 March. Kromer had only led the Staffel for two days after its former commander, Oberleutnant Gerhard Loos, had been killed on 6 March.Шаблон:Sfn The Staffel was subordinated to III. Gruppe led by Major Werner Schröer.Шаблон:Sfn Command of 5. Staffel was then transferred to Oberleutnant Wilhelm Schilling.Шаблон:Sfn

He became the 448th recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (Шаблон:Lang) on 11 April 1944 after 144 aerial victories, all claimed on the Eastern Front.Шаблон:Sfn The presentation was made by Adolf Hitler at the Berghof, Hitler's residence in the Obersalzberg of the Bavarian Alps, on 5 May 1944.Шаблон:Sfn Also present at the ceremony were Anton Hafner, Otto Kittel, Günther Schack, Alfred Grislawski, Erich Rudorffer, Martin Möbus, Wilhelm Herget, Hans-Karl Stepp, Rudolf Schoenert, Günther Radusch, Otto Pollmann and Fritz Breithaupt, who all received the Oak Leaves on this date.Шаблон:Sfn

Western Front

When Allied forces launched Operation Overlord, the invasion of German-occupied Western Europe on 6 June, III. Gruppe was immediately ordered to relocate to Villacoublay Airfield. That day, the Gruppe reached Nancy, arriving in Villacoublay the following day where it was subordinated to II. Fliegerkorps (2nd Air Corps). Its primary objective was to fly fighter-bomber missions in support of the German ground forces. The Gruppe flew its first missions on 7 June to the combat area east of Caen and the Orne estuary.Шаблон:Sfn

In June, Lang claimed 15 aerial victories, including his 150th—a United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) P-47 Thunderbolt on 14 June 1944—and four P-51 Mustang fighters shot down in four minutes on 20 June 1944, plus another four P-51s on 24 June.Шаблон:Sfn Hauptmann (Captain) Lang was then made Gruppenkommandeur (Group Commander) of the II./Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" (JG 26—2nd Group of the 26th Fighter Wing) on 28 June 1944.Шаблон:Sfn On 9 July, he claimed three Royal Air Force (RAF) Supermarine Spitfires (victories 160–162)—no Spitfires were shot down this day: American historian Donald Caldwell noted that his claims were exaggerated but asserted Lang's ebullience, energy and drive made him an effective combat leader.Шаблон:Sfn On 15 August 1944 two P-47s, and on 25 August 1944 three P-38 Lightning fighters in five minutes. The hard-hit 428th Fighter Squadron, 474th Fighter Group lost 8 P-38s, its worst combat performance. The 429th also lost three P-38s. Not a single Fw 190 was lost. The Bf 109-equipped III./Jagdgeschwader 76 (Fighter Wing 76) were also involved and claimed six P-38s. During the day it lost 21 Bf 109s, three pilots killed and 18 missing.Шаблон:Sfn

He claimed three Spitfires in two missions for his final victories (victories 171–173) on 26 August.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn His victims most likely belonged to 421 and 341 Squadron RAF.Шаблон:Sfn Between 24 May and 28 August 1944, Lang had claimed 29 aerial victories on the Western Front, including nine P-51 Mustangs.Шаблон:Sfn On 6 June 1944, his group was the first to reach 100 aerial victories over Normandy, earning him and his group a second and final reference in the Wehrmachtbericht on 30 August.Шаблон:Sfn

Death

On 3 September 1944, Emil Lang was killed in action when his Fw 190 A-8 (Werknummer 171 240—factory number) "Green 1" hit the ground and exploded in a field at Overhespen. He had experienced mechanical trouble on the runway when he and the other aircraft of his flight took off at Melsbroek at 1.20 pm. Ten minutes later, Lang was still having difficulties raising his landing gear. Flying at an altitude of Шаблон:Convert, his wingman, Unteroffizier Hans-Joachim Borreck, called out P-47 Thunderbolts to their rear. Lang broke upward, to the left. Leutnant Alfred Groß saw Lang's Fw 190 diving in flames, its gear extended, but he lost sight of Lang when his own craft was hit and he had to bail out. Examination of both German and American records suggests that Borreck and Groß misidentified their opponents. The P-51 Mustangs of the 55th Fighter Group's 338th Squadron intercepted a flight of three to six Focke-Wulfs. Lieutenant Darrell Cramer took a high deflection shot at the Focke-Wulf on the left, which fell upside down in a steep dive and crashed hard into the ground; this undoubtedly was Emil Lang.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Refn

On 28 September 1944, Lang's commanding officer, Geschwaderkommodore (Wing Commander) Josef Priller, submitted a request for posthumous promotion to Major. In describing Lang's character, Priller said:Шаблон:Sfn

Captain Lang is a fully matured character, serious and calm in his demeanor, yet definite and energetic when strength was needed. Very good attitude as an officer. Demands of himself first. He understands how to reach the men under his command correctly. Captain Lang possesses an exemplary concept of service, has initiative and talent for improvisation to a large degree, well rooted in the National Socialist ideas.Шаблон:Sfn

The commander of the II. Jagdkorps (2nd Fighter Corps), Generalleutnant (Major General) Alfred Bülowius, concurred with the assessment. Despite these recommendations, Emil Lang did not receive a posthumous promotion to Major.Шаблон:Sfn Lang was succeeded by Hauptmann Georg-Peter Eder as commander of II. Gruppe of JG 26.Шаблон:Sfn

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Lang was credited with 173 aerial victories.Шаблон:Sfn Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 172 aerial victory claims. This number includes 141 aerial victories on the Eastern Front and 31 on the Western Front, including one four-engined bomber.Шаблон:Sfn

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 36 Ost 00333". The Luftwaffe grid map (Шаблон:Lang) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about Шаблон:Convert. These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area Шаблон:Convert in size.Шаблон:Sfn

Chronicle of aerial victories
Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend
Claim!	Claim#	Date	Time	Type	Location	Claim!	Claim#	Date	Time	Type	Location
– 5. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –Шаблон:Sfn
1	1	23 March 1943	11:10	MiG-3	PQ 36 Ost 00333Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Pushkin	12	12	30 July 1943	08:50	P-39	PQ 36 Ost 10194Шаблон:Sfn east of Mga
2	2	30 May 1943	20:19	P-40	PQ 36 Ost 10151Шаблон:Sfn southeast of Schlüsselburg	13	13	1 August 1943	05:20	P-39	PQ 36 Ost 10144Шаблон:Sfn south of Schlüsselburg
3	3	30 May 1943	20:26	P-40	PQ 36 Ost 10243Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Schlüsselburg	14	14	1 August 1943	05:28	P-39	PQ 36 Ost 10163Шаблон:Sfn southeast of Schlüsselburg
4	4	13 July 1943	09:05	Il-2 m.H.Шаблон:Refn	PQ 35 Ost 63231Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Belyov	15	15	1 August 1943	12:34	P-39	PQ 36 Ost 10142Шаблон:Sfn south of Schlüsselburg
5	5	13 July 1943	09:08	Il-2 m.H.?Шаблон:Refn	PQ 35 Ost 63252Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Oryol	16	16	1 August 1943	12:39	P-40	PQ 36 Ost 10172Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Mga
6	6	13 July 1943	19:05	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 64763Шаблон:Sfn	17	17	13 September 1943	12:48	Pe-2?Шаблон:Refn	PQ 35 Ost 26521Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north of Moschna
7	7	17 July 1943	13:42	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 64894Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southeast of Mtsensk	18	18	14 September 1943	16:40	Yak-7	PQ 35 Ost 25693Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Shatalovo
8	8	17 July 1943	13:44	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 63221Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Oryol	19	19	15 September 1943	09:10	P-39	PQ 35 Ost 25494Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Yelnya
9	9	20 July 1943	19:05	P-39	PQ 35 Ost 64584Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Mtsensk	20	20	15 September 1943	09:15	Il-2 m.H.^{[Note 2]}	PQ 35 Ost 25492Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Yelnya
10	10	20 July 1943	19:07	P-39	PQ 35 Ost 64594Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Mtsensk	21	21	15 September 1943	10:45	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 25633Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Yelnya
11	11	28 July 1943	11:10	La-5	PQ 36 Ost 10314Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south of Mga
According to Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock, II. Gruppe records do not list any victory claims between 18 September and 3 October 1943 although at least 26 aerial victories had been claimed. Among these missing records are Lang's aerial victories 22 to 25, including one claim on 27 September 1943.Шаблон:Sfn
26	22	4 October 1943	16:07	LaGG-3	northeast of Chernobyl Шаблон:Sfn	87♠	83	23 October 1943	15:35	La-5	east of Khodoriv Шаблон:Sfn
27	23	5 October 1943	16:05	Yak-9	south of Gorostaipol Шаблон:Sfn	88	84♠	24 October 1943	14:46	Yak-7	northeast of KhodorivШаблон:Sfn
28♠	24	7 October 1943	11:17	La-5	northeast of GorostaipolШаблон:Sfn	89	85♠	24 October 1943	14:48	Yak-7	northwest of KhodorivШаблон:Sfn
29♠	25	7 October 1943	11:28	La-5	east-northeast of StracholessjeШаблон:Sfn	90	86♠	24 October 1943	14:49	Yak-7	east of IwankowШаблон:Sfn
30♠	26	7 October 1943	11:31	La-5	northeast of StracholessjeШаблон:Sfn	91	87♠	24 October 1943	14:51	La-5	east of KhodorivШаблон:Sfn east of Iwankow
31♠	27	7 October 1943	14:03	La-5	northeast of StracholessjeШаблон:Sfn		88♠	24 October 1943	14:56	Yak-7	east of Khodoriv
32♠	28	7 October 1943	14:10	La-5	east of GubinШаблон:Sfn	92	89	25 October 1943	14:46	La-5	north-northeast of BalnowkaШаблон:Sfn
33	29	8 October 1943	06:08	LaGG-3	northeast of KhodorivШаблон:Sfn	93	90	25 October 1943	14:47	La-5	northeast of GussenzowШаблон:Sfn[Gussenzy]
34	30	8 October 1943	06:10	La-5	north of KhodorivШаблон:Sfn	94♠	91	2 November 1943	15:05	Yak-7	west of VoropayevoШаблон:Sfn
35	31	8 October 1943	06:13	La-5	northeast of GussenoyeШаблон:Sfn	95♠	92	2 November 1943	15:06	Yak-7	west of VoropayevoШаблон:Sfn
36	32	9 October 1943	12:30	La-5	south of GruschevoШаблон:Sfn	96♠	93	2 November 1943	15:07	Yak-9	east of LyutezhШаблон:Sfn
37	33	9 October 1943	16:08	La-5	north of GruschevoШаблон:Sfn	97♠	94	2 November 1943	15:10	Yak-9	north of NovosselkШаблон:Sfn
38	34	9 October 1943	16:10	La-5	SchtschutschunkaШаблон:Sfn	98♠	95	2 November 1943	15:15	Yak-9	northeast of LyutezhШаблон:Sfn
39	35	9 October 1943	16:15	LaGG-3	south of YashnykyШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Refn	99♠	96	2 November 1943	15:17	Yak-9	east-southeast of LyutezhШаблон:Sfn
40	36	10 October 1943	06:34	LaGG-3	east-northeast of YashnykyШаблон:Sfn	100♠	97	2 November 1943	15:18	Yak-9	east-southeast of LyutezhШаблон:Sfn
41	37	10 October 1943	06:38	LaGG-3	northeast of YashnykyШаблон:Sfn	101♠	98	2 November 1943	15:19	Yak-9	west of SaimjeШаблон:Sfn
42	38	10 October 1943	16:12	La-5	east of LjuteshШаблон:Sfn	102♠	99	3 November 1943	09:31	Il-2	northeast of LyutezhШаблон:Sfn
43	39	11 October 1943	06:10	P-40	east of StracholessjeШаблон:Sfn	103♠	100	3 November 1943	09:32	Il-2	north-northeast of LyutezhШаблон:Sfn
44	40	11 October 1943	16:01	La-5	west of YashnykyШаблон:Sfn	104♠	101	3 November 1943	09:33	Il-2	northeast of KastarowitschiШаблон:Sfn
45	41	11 October 1943	16:02	La-5	west of YashnykyШаблон:Sfn	105♠	102	3 November 1943	09:35	Yak-7	northeast of KastarowitschiШаблон:Sfn
46	42	11 October 1943	16:03	La-5	west of YashnykyШаблон:Sfn	106♠	103	3 November 1943	09:36	Il-2	northwest of GlebovkaШаблон:Sfn
47	43	12 October 1943	09:02	Pe-2	north of GorostaipolШаблон:Sfn	107♠	104	3 November 1943	09:40	Yak-7	east-northeast of GlebovkaШаблон:Sfn
48	44	12 October 1943	10:47	Il-2	east of GruschewoШаблон:Sfn	108♠	105	3 November 1943	09:42	Yak-7	east-northeast of GlebovkaШаблон:Sfn
49	45	12 October 1943	10:50	La-5	west of GrigorovkaШаблон:Sfn	109♠	106	3 November 1943	13:00	La-5	east-northeast of BlistawizdШаблон:Sfn
50	46	12 October 1943	10:52	La-5	Dnieper River Шаблон:Sfn	110♠	107	3 November 1943	14:15	Il-2	east of MoschtschumШаблон:Sfn
51♠	47	13 October 1943	05:50	La-5	northwest of TschozkiШаблон:Sfn	111♠	108	3 November 1943	14:16	Il-2	north of MoschtschumШаблон:Sfn
52♠	48	13 October 1943	05:52	La-5	south of SarubenzojezyШаблон:Sfn	112♠		3 November 1943	14:17	Il-2	north of Vyshgorod Шаблон:Sfn
53♠	49	13 October 1943	05:58	La-5	south of GrigorovkaШаблон:Sfn	113♠	109	3 November 1943	14:20	La-5	northwest of VyshgorodШаблон:Sfn
54♠	50	13 October 1943	06:03	La-5	southwest of SarubenzyШаблон:Sfn	114♠	110	3 November 1943	14:22	La-5	north of KievШаблон:Sfn
55♠	51	13 October 1943	06:05	Yak-7	north of TrachhtemirowШаблон:Sfn	115♠	111	3 November 1943	14:23	Il-2	west of ValkiШаблон:Sfn
56♠	52	13 October 1943	06:08	Yak-7	north-northwest of GrigorovkaШаблон:Sfn	116♠	112	3 November 1943	14:45	Yak-9	east of GostomelШаблон:Sfn
57♠	53	13 October 1943	09:31	La-5	west of TrachhtemirowШаблон:Sfn	117♠	113	3 November 1943	14:46	Yak-9	west of VyshgorodШаблон:Sfn
58♠	54	13 October 1943	09:35	La-5	southeast of GrigorovkaШаблон:Sfn	118♠	114	3 November 1943	14:48	Il-2	east of GostomelШаблон:Sfn
59♠	55	13 October 1943	09:40	Yak-7	south of GrigorovkaШаблон:Sfn	119♠	115	3 November 1943	14:49	Il-2	north of MostischtscheШаблон:Sfn
60♠	56	13 October 1943	15:55	Yak-7	north of YashnykyШаблон:Sfn		116	4 November 1943	14:17	Il-2	north of Vyshgorod
61♠	57	21 October 1943	09:32	La-5	southwest of GrigorovkaШаблон:Sfn	120	117	28 November 1943	12:26	Il-2	east of KotscherewoШаблон:Sfn
62♠	58	21 October 1943	09:34	La-5	northwest of GrigorovkaШаблон:Sfn	121	118	29 November 1943	07:29	La-5	west of MestetschkoШаблон:Sfn
63♠	59	21 October 1943	09:37	Yak-7	southeast of YashnykyШаблон:Sfn	122	119	29 November 1943	10:32	Yak-9	south of WnysokoyeШаблон:Sfn
64♠	60	21 October 1943	09:38	Yak-7	south-southeast of YashnykyШаблон:Sfn	123	120	29 November 1943	10:34	Il-2	northwest of WnysokoyeШаблон:Sfn
65♠	61	21 October 1943	09:41	Il-2	northwest of RshischtschewШаблон:Sfn	124	121	30 November 1943	11:48	Il-2	north of NebrylizaШаблон:Sfn
66♠	62	21 October 1943	12:10	Yak-9	south of TschernischewaШаблон:Sfn	125	122	30 November 1943	11:49	Il-2	PQ 25 Ost 91562Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of Zelenogorst
67♠	63	21 October 1943	12:11	Yak-9	south of GrigorovkaШаблон:Sfn	126	123	13 December 1943	11:25	La-5	NebrylizaШаблон:Sfn
68♠	64	21 October 1943	12:13	Yak-7	south of TrachtemirowШаблон:Sfn	127	124	15 January 1944	11:55	La-5	PQ 25 Ost 99114Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Lake Samara
69♠	65	21 October 1943	12:13	Yak-7	north of GruschewoШаблон:Sfn	128	125	15 January 1944	11:56	La-5	PQ 25 Ost 99123Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Lake Samara
70♠	66	21 October 1943	14:46	Yak-7	southwest of LassurzowШаблон:Sfn	129	126	25 March 1944	08:04	Yak-9	PQ 25 Ost 78451Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Selo
71♠	67	21 October 1943	14:48	Yak-7	southeast of TschernishowШаблон:Sfn	130	127	25 March 1944	08:05	Yak-9	PQ 25 Ost 78423Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west-northwest of Selo
72♠	68	21 October 1943	14:49	Yak-9	southwest of DobrizaШаблон:Sfn		128	25 March 1944	08:12	Yak-9	Lake Peipus, Шаблон:Convert northwest of Pskov
73♠	69	22 October 1943	06:20	La-5	south of YashnykyШаблон:Sfn	131	129	26 March 1944	10:20	Yak-9	PQ 25 Ost 70663Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west-southwest of Hungerburg
74♠	70	22 October 1943	06:22	La-5	southwest of YashnykyШаблон:Sfn	132	130	26 March 1944	13:40	P-40	PQ 26 Ost 70692Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Narva
75♠	71	22 October 1943	06:27	La-5	east of GruschewoШаблон:Sfn	133	131	26 March 1944	13:41	P-40	PQ 26 Ost 70692Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Narva
76♠	72	22 October 1943	06:30	La-5	east of JeuШаблон:Sfn	134	132	1 April 1944	14:20	Yak-9	PQ 25 Ost 88324Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south of Pskov
77♠	73	22 October 1943	06:34	La-5	south of TschernischewШаблон:Sfn	135	133	2 April 1944	11:15	Il-2	PQ 25 Ost 88351Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Selo
78♠	74	22 October 1943	12:10	Yak-9	north of YashnykyШаблон:Sfn	136	134	2 April 1944	13:40?Шаблон:Refn	Yak-9	PQ 25 Ost 88551Шаблон:Sfn east of Ostrov
79♠	75	22 October 1943	12:11	Yak-9	east of YashnykyШаблон:Sfn	137	135	2 April 1944	13:45?Шаблон:Refn	Yak-9	PQ 25 Ost 88523Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northwest of Ostrov
80♠	76	22 October 1943	12:16	Yak-7	south-southeast of YashnykyШаблон:Sfn	138	136	3 April 1944	11:17?Шаблон:Refn	Yak-9	PQ 25 Ost 88362Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Selo
81♠	77	22 October 1943	12:18	La-5	west-southwest of YashnykyШаблон:Sfn	139	137	4 April 1944	11:42	Il-2	PQ 25 Ost 88359Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Selo
82♠	78	23 October 1943	15:12	Yak-9	south of GrigorovkaШаблон:Sfn	140	138	4 April 1944	11:43	Yak-9	PQ 25 Ost 88356Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Selo
83♠	79	23 October 1943	15:14	Yak-9	east of GruschewoШаблон:Sfn	141	139	4 April 1944	16:04?Шаблон:Refn	Yak-9	PQ 25 Ost 88352Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Selo
84♠	80	23 October 1943	15:15	Yak-9	north-northeast of YashnykyШаблон:Sfn	142	140	4 April 1944	16:08	Yak-9	PQ 25 Ost 88359Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Selo
85♠	81	23 October 1943	15:20	Yak-7	village edge of RomaschkiШаблон:Sfn	143	141	6 April 1944	07:15	La-5	PQ 25 Ost 88355Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Selo
86♠	82	23 October 1943	15:22	La-5	east of RshitschtschewШаблон:Sfn
– 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –Шаблон:Sfn
144	142	24 May 1944	11:42	B-17	PQ 15 Ost EG 6-9Шаблон:Sfn Oranienburg	153	151	20 June 1944	16:20	P-51	PQ 04 Ost N/AC-4Шаблон:Sfn west of Saint-André-de-l'Eure
145	143	28 May 1944	14:23	P-38	PQ 15 Ost FD 9Шаблон:Sfn Tangermünde	154	152	20 June 1944	16:21	P-51	PQ 04 Ost N/AB-6Шаблон:Sfn north of Breuteuil
146	144	8 June 1944	16:49	P-51	PQ 05 Ost S/UB-4Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northwest of Bernay	155	153	24 June 1944	07:18	P-51	PQ 05 Ost S/UC-7/8Шаблон:Sfn Évreux
147	145	11 June 1944	10:53	Lysander	northeast of Caen	PQ 15 West S/TU-7Шаблон:Sfn style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" \| 156	154	24 June 1944	07:19	P-51	PQ 05 Ost S/UC-7/8Шаблон:Sfn Évreux
148	146	14 June 1944	07:29	P-47	PQ 04 Ost N/AC-3Шаблон:Sfn Pacy-sur-Eure/Évreux	157	155	24 June 1944	07:21	P-51	PQ 05 Ost S/UC-7/8Шаблон:Sfn Évreux
149	147	14 June 1944	07:31	P-47	PQ 04 Ost N/AC-6Шаблон:Sfn east of Saint-André-de-l'Eure	158	156	24 June 1944	07:22	P-51	PQ 05 Ost S/UC-7/8Шаблон:Sfn Évreux
150	148	14 June 1944	07:32	P-47	PQ 04 Ost N/AC-4Шаблон:Sfn Ivry-la-Bataille/Dreux	159	157	26 June 1944	11:03	Spitfire	PQ 05 Ost S/UB-9/2Шаблон:Sfn southeast of Bernay
151	149	20 June 1944	16:17	P-51	PQ 04 Ost N/AC-5Шаблон:Sfn Saint-André-de-l'Eure		158	30 June 1944	06:50	unknown
152	150	20 June 1944	16:18	P-51	PQ 04 Ost N/AC-4Шаблон:Sfn Saint-André-de-l'Eure
Claim*	Claim#	Date	Time	Type	Location	Claim*	Claim#	Date	Time	Type	Location
– Stab II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 26 –Шаблон:Sfn
160	159	9 July 1944	13:19	Spitfire	PQ 15 West UU/PQ 05 Ost UAШаблон:Sfn CaenШаблон:Sfn	167	166	23 August 1944	13:40	Spitfire	PQ 05 Ost UEШаблон:Sfn north of Paris Шаблон:Sfn
161	160	9 July 1944	13:21	Spitfire	PQ 15 West UU/PQ 05 Ost UAШаблон:Sfn CaenШаблон:Sfn	168	167	25 August 1944	13:43	P-38	PQ 05 Ost TDШаблон:Sfn west of Beauvais Шаблон:Sfn
162	161	9 July 1944	13:24	Spitfire	PQ 15 West UU/PQ 05 Ost UAШаблон:Sfn CaenШаблон:Sfn	169	168	25 August 1944	13:45	P-38	PQ 05 Ost UDШаблон:Sfn east of Vernon Шаблон:Sfn
163	162	15 August 1944	12:31	P-47	Rambouillet Шаблон:Sfn	170	169	25 August 1944	13:48	P-38	PQ 05 Ost TDШаблон:Sfn west of BeauvaisШаблон:Sfn
164	163	15 August 1944	12:32	P-47	RambouilletШаблон:Sfn	171	170	26 August 1944	09:17	Spitfire	PQ 05 Ost SD-7Шаблон:Sfn east of Neufchâtel-en-Bray Шаблон:Sfn
165	164	19 August 1944	10:24	P-47	east of VernonШаблон:Sfn	172	171	26 August 1944	09:19	Spitfire	PQ 05 Ost TC-3Шаблон:Sfn Rouen Шаблон:Sfn
166	165	23 August 1944	13:38	Spitfire	PQ 05 Ost UE/UFШаблон:Sfn northeast of ParisШаблон:Sfn	173	172	26 August 1944	14:28	Spitfire	PQ 05 Ost TD-1Шаблон:Sfn east of RouenШаблон:Sfn

Awards

War Merit Cross 2nd Class with Swords (24 October 1940)Шаблон:Sfn
Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe for Fighter Pilots
- in Bronze (23 March 1943)Шаблон:Sfn
- Silver (14 May 1943)Шаблон:Sfn
- Gold (25 June 1943)Шаблон:Sfn
Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe (27 October 1943)Шаблон:Sfn
German Cross in Gold on 25 November 1943 as Leutnant in the II./Jagdgeschwader 54Шаблон:Sfn
Iron Cross (1939)
- 2nd class (13 June 1943)Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn
- 1st class (2 August 1943)Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
- Knight's Cross on 22 November 1943 as Leutnant (war officer) and Staffelführer of the 9./Jagdgeschwader 54Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn
- 448th Oak Leaves on 11 April 1944 as Oberleutnant (war officer) and Staffelkapitän of the 9./Jagdgeschwader 54Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn

Dates of rank

1 November 1941:	Leutnant (Second Lieutenant)Шаблон:Sfn
1 November 1943:	Oberleutnant (First Lieutenant)Шаблон:Sfn
1 May 1944:	Hauptmann (Captain)Шаблон:Sfn
posthumously:	Major (Major), effective as of 1 September 1944Шаблон:Sfn

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

Шаблон:Top German World War II Aces Шаблон:Subject bar Шаблон:Authority control

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[Note 1]

[Note 2]

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