Английская Википедия:Emma Jacobina Christiana Marwedel

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Infobox person Emma Jacobina Christiana Marwedel, also known as Emma Marwedel (February 27, 1818 – November 17, 1893), was a German-American educator, known for her establishment of schools based upon Friedrich Fröbel's ideas.[1]

Early life

Marwedel was born on February 27, 1818, in Hann. Münden.[1]

Educator

Marwedel was a teacher in Germany. In 1867, she became the first director of the Girls' Industrial School in Hamburg. Leveraging Friedrich Fröbel's ideas, she also operated a kindergarten.[1]

Elizabeth Peabody visited Marwedel in Germany and was impressed by her. After being invited by Peabody and Caroline Severance to come to the United States,[1] Marwedel founded the first private kindergarten in Washington, D.C. by 1872.[2] She developed a kindergarten teacher-training program[2] and established additional schools near Long Island, Los Angeles, and Brentwood.[1]

Файл:Round House on Main Street south from Third Street, Los Angeles, ca.1880-1885 (CHS-2873).jpg
Round House for the Pacific Kindergarten Normal School, circa 1880-1885

In 1880, she opened her model kindergarten, Pacific Kindergarten Normal School, which she operated for six years. She retired in 1886.[1]

Later years and death

Marwedel died on November 17, 1893, in San Francisco in a German hospital.[2]

Publications

  • Conscious Motherhood: or the Earliest Unfolding of the Child in the Cradle, Nursery and Kindergarten (1887)[1]
  • The Connecting Link, to Continue the Three-Fold Development of the Child from the Cradle to the Manual-Labor School (1891)[1]
  • Undated pamphlets such as An Appeal for Justice to Childhood, Games and Studies in Live Forms and Colors of Nature for Home and School.[1]

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Шаблон:Authority control

  1. 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок UUHHS не указан текст
  2. 2,0 2,1 2,2 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок SFC obit не указан текст