Английская Википедия:Emperor Ōjin
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox royalty
Шаблон:Nihongo, also known as Шаблон:Nihongo (alternatively spelled 譽田別命, 誉田別命, 品陀和気命, 譽田分命, 誉田別尊, 品陀別命) or Шаблон:Nihongo, was the 15th (possibly legendary) Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.[1][2] Both the Kojiki, and the Nihon Shoki (collectively known as the Kiki) record events that took place during Ōjin's alleged lifetime. Ōjin is traditionally listed as the first emperor of the Kofun period, and is primarily known for being the controversial son of Empress Jingū. Historians have mixed views on his factual existence, if Ōjin was indeed a historical figure then it's assumed he reigned much later than he is attested.
No firm dates can be assigned to Ōjin's life or reign, but he is traditionally considered to have reigned from 270 to 310.[3] According to the Shinto religion and Buddhism in Japan, Emperor Ōjin is the divine spirit of the deity Hachiman (八幡神). While the location of Ōjin's grave (if any) is unknown, he is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto tomb. Modern historians have come to the conclusion that the title of "Emperor" and the name "Ōjin" was used by later generations to describe this possibly legendary Emperor.
Legendary narrative
The Japanese have traditionally accepted this sovereign's historical existence, and a mausoleum (misasagi) for Ōjin is currently maintained. The following information available is taken from the pseudo-historical Kojiki and Nihon Shoki, which are collectively known as Шаблон:Nihongo or Japanese chronicles. These chronicles include legends and myths, as well as potential historical facts that have since been exaggerated and/or distorted over time. The circumstances surrounding the future emperor's birth are controversial as they allegedly involve the invasion of the Korean Peninsula. It is said by the Kiki that Ōjin was conceived but unborn when his father Emperor Chūai died. Empress Jingū then became a de facto ruler who allegedly invaded a "promised land" (Korea) out of revenge, then returned three years later to the Japanese mainland to give birth. The records state that Ōjin was born to Empress Jingū in Tsukushi Province sometime in 201 AD, and was given the name Шаблон:Nihongo. He became the crown prince at the age of four, but was not crowned Emperor until 270 AD at the age of 70. Emperor Ōjin supposedly lived in two palaces which are now located in present-day Osaka. His reign lasted 40 years until his death in 310 AD, in all he fathered 28 children with one spouse and ten consorts. His fourth son Ōosazaki was later enthroned as the next emperor in 313 AD.[4]
Known information
While the historical existence of Emperor Ōjin is debated among historians, there is a general consensus that he was "probably real". There is also an agreement that Ōjin's three year conception period is mythical and symbolic, rather than realistic. William George Aston has suggested that this can be interpreted as a period of less than nine months containing three "years" (some seasons), e.g. three harvests.[5] If Ōjin was an actual historical figure then historians have proposed that he ruled later than attested.[6][7][8] Dates of his actual reign have been proposed to be as early as 370 to 390 AD, to as late as the early 5th century AD.[6] At least one Japanese historian has cast doubt on this theory though, by revising a supporting statement given in 1972. In this new narrative Louis Perez states: "only kings and emperors after the reign of Ōjin... ...are seen as historical figures".[9][10] In either case there is also no evidence to suggest that the title tennō was used during the time to which Ōjin's reign has been assigned. It is certainly possible that he was a chieftain or local clan leader, and that the polity he ruled would have only encompassed a small portion of modern-day Japan. The name Ōjin-tennō was more than likely assigned to him posthumously by later generations.[11]
While the actual site of Ōjin's grave is not known, this regent is traditionally venerated at a kofun-type Imperial tomb in Osaka. The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as Ōjin's mausoleum, and is formally named Eega no Mofushi no oka no misasagi.[12] At some point Ōjin was made a guardian Kami of the Hata clan, and is now also deified as Hachiman Daimyōjin.Шаблон:Efn Outside of the Kiki, the reign of Emperor KinmeiШаблон:Efn (Шаблон:Circa – 571 AD) is the first for which contemporary historiography has been able to assign verifiable dates.[13] The conventionally accepted names and dates of the early Emperors were not confirmed as "traditional" though, until the reign of Emperor KanmuШаблон:Efn between 737 and 806 AD.[14]
According to world-renowned linguist and Japanese language expert Alexander Vovin, due to Amenohiboko being of Korean origin, Empress Jingū and her son and successor, Ōjin might have been native speakers of the Korean language.[15][16]
Family
Emperor Ōjin's family allegedly consisted of 28 children, which include 2 unnamed princesses from a previous marriage. He had one spouse who bore him a son that would become the next Emperor, as well as 10 consorts.
Spouse & concubines
| Position | Name | Father | Issue |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kōgō | Шаблон:Nihongo | Homudamawaka | Шаблон:*Princess Arata Шаблон:*Prince Netori Шаблон:*Prince ŌosazakiШаблон:Efn (later Emperor Nintoku) |
| Consort | Шаблон:Nihongo | Homudamawaka | Шаблон:*Prince Izanomawaka Шаблон:*Princess Komukuta Шаблон:*Prince Nukata no Ōnakatsuhiko Шаблон:*Princess Ohara Шаблон:*Prince Ōyamamori |
| Consort | Шаблон:Nihongo | Homudamawaka | Шаблон:*Princess Ahe Шаблон:*Princess Awaji no Mihara Шаблон:*Princess Ki no Uno Шаблон:*Princess Mino no Iratsume Шаблон:*Princess Shigehara |
| Consort | Шаблон:Nihongo | Wani no Hifure no Omi | Шаблон:*Princess Metori Шаблон:*Prince Uji no Wakiiratsuko Шаблон:*Princess Yata |
| Consort | Шаблон:Nihongo | Wani no Hifure no Omi | Шаблон:*Princess Uji no Wakiiratsu-hime |
| Consort | Шаблон:Nihongo | Kawamata Nakatsuhiko | Шаблон:*Prince Wakanuke no Futamata |
| Consort | Шаблон:Nihongo | Sakuraitabe no Muraji Shimatarine | Шаблон:*Prince Hayabusawake |
| Consort | Шаблон:Nihongo | Шаблон:Unknown | Шаблон:*Princess Hatabi no Wakairatsume Шаблон:*Prince Ōhae Шаблон:*Prince Ohae |
| Consort | Шаблон:Nihongo | SumeiroōnakatsuhikoШаблон:Efn | Шаблон:*Prince Kataji Шаблон:*Princess Kawarata no Iratsume Шаблон:*Princess Tama no Iratsume |
| Consort | Шаблон:Nihongo | Takenouchi no Sukune | Шаблон:*Prince IzanomawakaШаблон:Efn |
| Consort | Шаблон:Nihongo | Kibi-no-Takehiko | Шаблон:N/a |
Issue
| Status | Name | Mother | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Princess | Шаблон:Nihongo | Nakatsu-hime | Very little is known about this person. |
| Prince | Шаблон:Nihongo | Nakatsu-hime | Would later become Emperor Emperor Nintoku. |
| Prince | Шаблон:Nihongo | Nakatsu-hime | Ancestor of Шаблон:Nihongo, married Princess Awaji no Mihara (see below). |
| Prince | Шаблон:Nihongo | Takakiiri-hime | Ancestor of Шаблон:Nihongo. |
| Prince | Шаблон:Nihongo | Takakiiri-hime | Very little is known about this person. |
| Prince | Шаблон:Nihongo | Takakiiri-hime | Ōyamamori died in 310 AD.Шаблон:Efn |
| Princess | Шаблон:Nihongo | Takakiiri-hime | Very little is known about this person. |
| Princess | Шаблон:Nihongo | Takakiiri-hime | Very little is known about this person. |
| Princess | Шаблон:Nihongo | Oto-hime | Very little is known about this person. |
| Princess | Шаблон:Nihongo | Oto-hime | Married to Prince Netori |
| Princess | Шаблон:Nihongo | Oto-hime | Very little is known about this person. |
| Princess | Шаблон:Nihongo | Oto-hime | Very little is known about this person. |
| Princess | Шаблон:Nihongo | Oto-hime | Very little is known about this person. |
| Prince | Шаблон:Nihongo | Miyanushiyaka-hime | Uji was a Crown Prince. |
| Princess | Шаблон:Nihongo | Miyanushiyaka-hime | Metori died in 353 AD, and was married to Prince "Hayabusawake" (see below). |
| Princess | Шаблон:Nihongo | Miyanushiyaka-hime | Yata was later married to Emperor Nintoku. |
| Princess | Шаблон:Nihongo | Onabe-hime | Uji was later married to Emperor Nintoku. |
| Prince | Шаблон:Nihongo | Okinaga Mawakanakatsu-hime | Ancestor of Шаблон:Nihongo, and great-grandfather of Emperor Keitai. |
| Prince | Шаблон:Nihongo | Ito-hime | Hayabusawake was the husband of Шаблон:Nihongo. |
| Prince | Шаблон:Nihongo | Himuka no Izumi no Naga-hime | Very little is known about this person. |
| Prince | Шаблон:Nihongo | Himuka no Izumi no Naga-hime | Very little is known about this person. |
| Princess | Шаблон:Nihongo | Himuka no Izumi no Naga-hime | Hatabi was later married to Emperor Richū |
| Princess | Шаблон:Nihongo | Kaguro-hime | Very little is known about this person. |
| Princess | Шаблон:Nihongo | Kaguro-hime | Very little is known about this person. |
| Prince | Шаблон:Nihongo | Kaguro-hime | Very little is known about this person. |
| Prince | Шаблон:Nihongo | Katsuragi no Irome | Very little is known about this person. |
Family tree
See also
Notes
References
Further reading
- Aston, William George. (1896). Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner. Шаблон:OCLC
- Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Gukanshō: The Future and the Past. Berkeley: University of California Press. Шаблон:ISBN; Шаблон:OCLC
- Chamberlain, Basil Hall. (1920). The Kojiki. Read before the Asiatic Society of Japan on April 12, May 10, and June 21, 1882; reprinted, May 1919. Шаблон:OCLC
- Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. Шаблон:OCLC
- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Ōdai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. Шаблон:OCLC
- Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns. New York: Columbia University Press. Шаблон:ISBN; Шаблон:OCLC
- Wakabayashi, Tadashi. (1995). Japanese loyalism reconstrued: Yamagata Daini's Ryūshi shinron of 1759. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Шаблон:ISBN; Шаблон:OCLC
Шаблон:S-start Шаблон:S-reg Шаблон:S-bef Шаблон:S-ttl Шаблон:S-aft Шаблон:S-end
Шаблон:Authority control Шаблон:Hachiman Faith
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Aston, William George. (1998). Nihongi, p. 254–271.
- ↑ Aston, William. (1998). Nihongi, Vol. 1, pp. 224–253.
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Ponsonby-Fane, p. 419.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Quote
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