Английская Википедия:Empress of Japan
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Redirect Шаблон:Infobox monarchy
The Empress of Japan is the title given to the wife of the Emperor of Japan or a female ruler in her own right. The current empress consort is Empress Masako, who ascended the throne with her husband on 1 May 2019.
Empress regnant
Titles
- Шаблон:Ill (女性天皇, lit. "female heavenly emperor") or Jotei (Шаблон:Linktext, lit. "female emperor")[1] – Because there is no feminine equivalent to king and emperor in East Asian languages, different titles are used for female monarchs and female consorts. Josei Tennō refers only to an empress regnant of Japan, and Jotei refers to an empress regnant of any countries.Шаблон:Efn
- Tennō (天皇, lit. "heavenly emperor") or Kōtei (皇帝, lit. "emperor") – Unlike European languages, in East Asia, the titles of female monarchs can also be abbreviated as "king" or "emperor", much like their male counterparts. However, to avoid confusion with male monarchs, they are usually referred to as "female king" or "female emperor".
List of empresses regnant
There were eight female imperial reigns (six empresses regnant including two who reigned twice) in Japan's early history between 593 and 770, and two more in the early modern period (Edo period). Although there were eight reigning empresses, with only one exception their successors were selected from amongst the males of the paternal Imperial bloodline.[2] After many centuries, female reigns came to be officially prohibited only when the Imperial Household Law was issued in 1889 alongside the new Meiji Constitution.
The eight historical empresses regnant are:
- Nukatabe, Empress Suiko (推古天皇 Suiko Tennō) was the 33rd empress of Japan from 593 until 628, according to the traditional order of succession, and the first historically attested woman to hold this position. She was the granddaughter of Tashiraga of Yamato, herself sister of the childless Emperor Buretsu, transferring some legitimacy in succession to the throne of Yamato to her husband Emperor Keitai. Tashiraga's mother had been Kasuga of Yamato, sister of the childless Emperor Seinei, whose own marriage with the future Emperor Ninken had a similar effect a generation earlier. According to legends, these ladies descended from the legendary Empress Jingū, who had been ruler (since Meiji-era rewrites of history, Regent) of Yamato for decades at some time in the past, probably in the mid-4th century (if she really existed), and who herself descended, according to legends, from Amaterasu omikami, the Sun Goddess of the Japanese pantheon.
- Takara, Empress Kōgyoku (皇極天皇 Kōgyoku Tennō), also Empress Saimei (斉明天皇 Saimei Tennō) was the 35th and 37th empress of Japan, initially from February 18, 642, to July 12, 645, ascending upon the death of her uncle Emperor Jomei (who had also been her second husband). When she abdicated, her own younger brother succeeded her. However, upon the death of the said younger brother, she reascended the throne as Empress Saimei on February 14, 655, and ruled until her death on August 24, 661. She was succeeded by her and Emperor Jomei's son, Naka no Ōe, as Emperor Tenji.
- Unonosasara, Empress Jitō (持統天皇 Jitō Tennō) was the 41st imperial ruler of Japan, and ruled from 686 until 697. The previous emperor was her uncle and husband, Emperor Tenmu, and she later abdicated the throne to her grandson Emperor Monmu.
- Ahe, Empress Genmei (also Empress Genmyō; 元明天皇 Genmei Tennō) was the 43rd imperial ruler of Japan ruling 707–715 (died December 7, 721). She was Empress Jitō's younger half-sister and the mother of Emperor Monmu, who died in an young age.
- Hitaka, Empress Genshō (元正天皇 Genshō Tennō) was the 44th monarch of Japan (715–724). She succeeded after her mother Empress Genmei and later abdicated to her nephew Emperor Shōmu, son of Emperor Monmu.
- Abe, Empress Kōken (孝謙天皇 Kōken Tennō) also Empress Shōtoku (称徳天皇 Shōtoku Tennō) was the 46th imperial ruler of Japan from 749 to 758, and the 48th from 764 to 770. Her posthumous name for her second reign (764–770) was Empress Shōtoku. She never married and her ex-crown prince was Prince Bunado, her first cousin twice removed, but after her death, another of her cousins ascended the throne as Emperor Kanmu, who was also her brother-in-law.
- Okiko, Empress Meishō (明正天皇 Meishō Tennō) was the 109th empress of Japan, reigning from December 22, 1629, to November 14, 1643. She ascended upon the abdication of her father, being the eldest surviving child of her parents (the empress, Tokugawa Masako, had only four daughters without surviving sons), holding priority over her younger half-brothers.
- Toshiko, Empress Go-Sakuramachi (後桜町天皇 Go-Sakuramachi Tennō) was the 117th empress of Japan, and ruled from September 15, 1762, to January 9, 1771. She abdicated in favor of her young nephew. Surviving over forty years, the retired Empress held all those decades the position of Dajo Tenno, and acted as sort of guardian of subsequent emperors.
Other than the eight historical empresses regnant, two additional empress are traditionally believed to have reigned, but historical evidence for their reigns is scant and they are not counted among the officially numbered Emperors/Empresses regnant:
- Empress Jingū r. 206–269 (Empress Consort of Emperor Chūai)—not counted among the officially numbered Emperors
- Iitoyo: Imperial princess and possibly empress regnant. She was baptized as Empress Tsunuzashi in the list of emperors of Japan.
Under Shinto religious influence, the goddess Amaterasu, who is of the highest rank in the kami system, might suggest that Japan's first rulers were women.[3] According to the Шаблон:Lang and Nihon Shoki chronicles in Japanese mythology, the Emperors of Japan are considered to be direct descendants of Amaterasu.
Empress consort
Titles
- Шаблон:Ill (皇后) – It is the title of a non-reigning empress consort.Шаблон:Efn The title, still in use, is generally conferred on an emperor's wife who had given birth to the heir to the throne.[4] The title was first awarded posthumously in 806 to the late mother of Emperor Heizei.[5] In ancient Japan, most of the empresses consort were princesses, except for Iwa no hime (empress consort of Nintoku). After Empress Kōmyō (empress consort of Shōmu), daughters of the Fujiwara clan or other clans could become empresses consort.
- Шаблон:Ill (皇太后) – Empress Mother/Empress Dowager
- Шаблон:Ill (太皇太后) – Grand Empress Mother/Grand Empress Dowager
- Шаблон:Ill (中宮) – It was a term that evolved during the Heian period; and it came to be understood as the title of the empress. For a time, Chūgū replaced Kōgō; and then the titles became interchangeable.[6] The numbers of Kōgō varied, but there was only one Chūgū at a time.[7] Originally, Chūgū (中宮) referred to the palace of the Kōgō (皇后), Kōtaigō (皇太后), or Tai-Kōtaigō (太皇太后). Until the mid-Heian Period, the emperor had only one empress consort, and the empress consort was also called Chūgū. From the time of Emperor Ichijō, when emperors had two empresses consort, one of them came to be called Kōgō and another one was called Chūgū.
- Шаблон:Ill (准母立后) – It means individuals elevated to the rank of empress due to their position as honorary mother of the emperor. After maiden Princess Yasuko became empress as the honorary or adoptive mother of Emperor Horikawa, maiden princesses could also become empress.
- Zōkō (贈后) – It means individuals that were given the title of empress posthumously.
- Шаблон:Ill (上皇后) – Empress Emerita
List of empresses consort
| Portrait | Name | Spouse | Tenure | Life details |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Файл:神武天皇 媛蹈鞴五十鈴媛命 emperor Jimmu and Himetataraisuzuhime no mikoto 日本国開闢由来記1.jpg | Himetataraisuzu-hime Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Jimmu | 660[8]–581 BC[9] (81 years) |
Daughter of Kotoshironushi. Married Emperor Jimmu in 681 BC.[8] Gave birth to Emperor Suizei and two other children. Empress dowager from 581 BC.[9] |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Isuzuyori-hime Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Suizei | 580[9]–548 BC[10] (32 years) |
Daughter of Kotoshironushi. Gave birth to Emperor Annei. Empress dowager from 548 BC.[10] |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Шаблон:Ill Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Annei | 546[11]–510 BC[12] (36 years) |
Daughter of Prince Kamo; niece of Himetataraisuzu-hime and Isuzuyori-hime. Gave birth to Emperor Itoku and two other children. Empress dowager from 510 BC.[12] |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Шаблон:Ill Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Itoku | 509[12]–475 BC[13] (34 years) |
Daughter of Prince Okisomimi; granddaughter of Emperor Annei and Nunasokonakatsu-hime. Gave birth to Emperor Kōshō and one other child. Empress dowager from 475 BC.[13] |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Yosotarashi-hime Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Kōshō | 447[13]–392 BC[14] (55 years) |
Daughter of Ame no Oshio no Mikoto. Gave birth to Emperor Kōan and one other child. Empress dowager from 392 BC.[14] |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Шаблон:Ill Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Kōan | 367[14]–290 BC[15] (77 years) |
Daughter of Prince Ametarashihikokunioshihito; granddaughter of Emperor Kōshō and Yosotarashi-hime. Gave birth to Emperor Kōrei and one other child. Empress dowager from 290 BC.[15] |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Kuwashi-hime Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Kōrei | 289[15]–214 BC[16] (74 years) |
Daughter of Shiki no Agatanushi Oome. Gave birth to Emperor Kōgen. Empress dowager from 214 BC.[16] |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Шаблон:Ill Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Kōgen | 208[17]–157 BC[18] (50 years) |
Daughter of Oyakuchisukune. Gave birth to Emperor Kaika and three other children. Empress dowager from 157 BC.[18] |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Ikagashikome Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Kaika | 152[18]–97 BC[19] (75 years) |
Daughter of Ōhesoki. Was a concubine of Emperor Kōgen, with whom she had one child. Later married Emperor Kaika and gave birth to Emperor Sujin and one other child. Empress dowager from 97 BC.[19] |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Шаблон:Ill Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Sujin | 97[19]–29 BC[20] (68 years) |
Daughter of Prince Ōhiko; granddaughter of Emperor Kōgen and Utsushikome. Gave birth to Emperor Suinin and five other children. Empress dowager from 29 BC.[20] |
| Файл:Kamitsukeno Yatsunada attacking Saohime's castle..jpg | Шаблон:Ill Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Suinin | 28[21]–25 BC[22] (3 years) |
died 25 BC[22]
Шаблон:HrDaughter of Prince Hikoimasu; granddaughter of Emperor Kaika. Gave birth to one child. Died during the rebellion of her older brother, Sahohiko.[22] |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Шаблон:Ill | 15 BC[23]–AD 3[24] (18 years) |
died AD 3[24]
Шаблон:HrDaughter of Prince Tanba-no-Michinoushi; great-granddaughter of Emperor Kaika; niece of Saho-hime. Gave birth to Emperor Keikō and four other children. | |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Шаблон:Ill | Emperor Keikō | 72[25]–122[26] (40 years) |
died 122[26]
Шаблон:HrDaughter of Prince Wakatakehiko; granddaughter of Emperor Kōrei. Gave birth to four children. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Шаблон:Ill | 122[26]–132[27] (10 years) |
Daughter of Prince Yasakairihiko; granddaughter of Emperor Sujin; half-cousin of Emperor Keikō. Gave birth to Emperor Seimu and 11 other children. Empress dowager from 132.[27] | |
| Файл:Kaiserin Jingū.jpg | Okinagatarashi-hime Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Chūai | 193[28]–201[29] (8 years) |
169–269 (100 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Okinaganosukune; great-great-great-granddaughter of Emperor Kaika. Gave birth to Emperor Ōjin and served as his regent from 201 until 269. Empress dowager from 201.[29] |
| Файл:Nakatsuhime Yakushiji.jpg | Nakatsu-hime Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Ōjin | 271[30]–313[31] (41 years) |
Daughter of Homudamawaka. Gave birth to Emperor Nintoku and two other children. Empress Dowager from 313.[31] |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Iwa Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Nintoku | 314[32]–347[33] (33 years) |
died 347[33]
Шаблон:HrDaughter of Katsuragi no Sotsuhiko; great-great-great-granddaughter of Emperor Kōgen. Poet. Gave birth to Emperor Richū, Emperor Hanzei, Emperor Ingyō and one other child. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Yata Шаблон:Lang |
appointed 350[33] | Daughter of Emperor Ōjin. | |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Kusakanohatabino-hime Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Richū | appointed 405[34] | Daughter of Emperor Ōjin. Gave birth to Princess Nakashi. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Oshisaka no Ōnakatsuhime Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Ingyō | 413[35]–453[36] (40 years) |
Daughter of Prince Wakanuke no Futamata; granddaughter of Emperor Ōjin. Gave birth to Emperor Ankō, Emperor Yūryaku and seven other children. Empress dowager from 453.[36] |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Nakashi Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Ankō | appointed 455[37] | Daughter of Emperor Richū and Kusakanohatabino-hime; niece of Emperor Ankō. Previously married to Prince Ōkusaka, son of Emperor Nintoku, and had one child with him. Became a concubine of Emperor Ankō in 454.[37] |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Kusaka no Hatabi no hime Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Yūryaku | appointed 457[38] | Daughter of Emperor Nintoku. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Naniwa no Ono Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Kenzō | 485[39]–489[40] (4 years) |
died 489[40]
Шаблон:HrIn the Nihon Shoki: daughter of Prince Oka-no-Wakugo; great-granddaughter of Emperor Ingyō. In the Kojiki: daughter of Prince Iwaki; granddaughter of Emperor Yūryaku. Committed suicide due to fears over disrespecting Emperor Ninken when he was crown prince.[40] |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Kasuga no Ōiratsume Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Ninken | appointed 488[41] | Daughter of Emperor Yuryaku. Gave birth to Emperor Buretsu, Princess Tashiraka, Princess Tachibana no Nakatsu and six other children. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Kasuga no Iratsume Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Buretsu | appointed 499[42] | Unknown parents. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Tashiraka Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Keitai | appointed 507[43] | born 489
Шаблон:HrDaughter of Emperor Ninken and Princess Kasuga no Ōiratsume. Gave birth to one child. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Kasuga no Yamada Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Ankan | appointed 534[44] | Daughter of Emperor Ninken. Married Emperor Ankan in 513.[45] |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Tachibana no Nakatsu Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Senka | 536[46]–539[47] (3 years) |
Daughter of Emperor Ninken and Princess Kasuga no Ōiratsume. Gave birth to five children. Empress dowager from 539.[47] |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Ishi-hime Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Kinmei | 540[48]–572[49] (32 years) |
Daughter of Emperor Senka and Princess Tachibana no Nakatsu. Gave birth to Emperor Bidatsu and two other children. Empress dowager from 572. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Hirohime Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Bidatsu | 575[50][51] (10 months) |
died 575
Шаблон:HrDaughter of Prince Okinaga-no-Mate; great-great-granddaughter of Emperor Ōjin. Gave birth to three children. |
| Файл:Empress Suiko 2.jpg | Princess Nukatabe Шаблон:Lang |
576[51]–585 (9 years) |
554–628 (74 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Emperor Kinmei. Gave birth to eight children. Empress regnant from 592. | |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Hashihito no Anahobe Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Yōmei | 586[52]–587 (1 year) |
560–621 (61 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Emperor Kinmei. Married to Emperor Yōmei in 564. Gave birth to four children. |
| Файл:Empress Kogyoku-Saimei.jpg | Princess Takara Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Jomei | 630[53]–641 (11 years) |
594–661 (67 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Prince Chinu; great-granddaughter of Emperor Bidatsu. Gave birth to Emperor Tenji, Emperor Kōtoku and one other child. Empress regnant from 642 until 645 and from 655 until 661. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Hashihito Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Kōtoku | appointed 645 | died 665
Шаблон:HrDaughter of Emperor Jomei and Princess Takara. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Yamato Hime no Ōkimi Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Tenji | appointed 668[54] | Daughter of Prince Furuhito no Ōe; granddaughter of Emperor Jomei. Poet. Gave birth to Emperor Tenmu. |
| Файл:Empress Jitō.jpg | Princess Unonosarara Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Tenmu | 673[55]–686 (13 years) |
645–703 (57–58 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Emperor Tenji. Gave birth to one child. Empress regnant from 686 until 697. |
| Файл:Empress Kōmyō by simomura kanzan.jpg | Fujiwara Asukabehime Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Shōmu | 729–749 (9 years) |
701–760 (58–59 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Fujiwara no Fuhito. Gave birth to Empress Kōken and one other child. Empress dowager from 749. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Inoe Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Kōnin | 770–772 (2 years) |
717–775 (57–58 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Emperor Shōmu; half-sister of Empress Kōken. Gave birth to Sakahito, as well as to Osabe who was named crown prince. Deposed in 772 after being accused of using curses and black magic to promote Osabe to the throne. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Otomuro Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Kanmu | 783–790 (6 years) |
760–790 (29–30 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Fujiwara no Yoshitsugu. Gave birth to Emperor Heizei, Emperor Saga and Princess Koshi. Posthumously appointed empress dowager in 806. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Tarashiko Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Heizei | posthumously appointed in 806 | died 794
Шаблон:HrDaughter of Fujiwara no Momokawa. Married Emperor Heizei before his accession to the throne. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Tachibana no Kachiko Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Saga | 815–823 (7 years) |
786–850 (63–64 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Tachibana no Kiyotomo. Married Emperor Saga in 809. Gave birth to Emperor Ninmyō, Princess Seishi and five other children. Empress dowager from 823 until 833. Grand empress dowager from 833. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Koshi Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Junna | posthumously appointed in 823 | 789–809 (19–20 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Emperor Kanmu and Fujiwara no Otomuro. Married Emperor Junna in 804. Gave birth to four children. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Seishi Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Junna | 827–833 (6 years) |
810–879 (68–69 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Emperor Saga and Tachibana no Kachiko. Gave birth to three children. Empress dowager from 833 until 854. Grand empress dowager from 854. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Onshi Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Daigo | 923–931 (7 years) |
885–954 (68–69 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Fujiwara no Mototsune. Gave birth to Emperor Suzaku, Emperor Murakami and two other children. Empress dowager from 931 until 946. Grand empress dowager from 946. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Anshi Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Murakami | 958–964 (5 years) |
927–964 (68–69 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Fujiwara no Morosuke. Gave birth to Emperor Reizei, Emperor En'yu and seven other children. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Masako Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Reizei | 967–973 (5 years) |
950–1000 (49–50 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Emperor Suzaku. Adopted one child. Empress dowager from 973 until 986. Grand empress dowager from 986. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Koshi Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor En'yū | 973–979 (5 years) |
947–979 (31–32 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Fujiwara no Kanemichi. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Junshi Шаблон:Lang |
982–997 (15 years) |
957–1017 (59–60 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Fujiwara no Yoritada. Empress dowager from 1000 until 1012. Grand empress dowager from 1012. | |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Teishi Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Ichijō | 990–1001 (10 years) |
977–1001 (23–24 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Fujiwara no Michitaka. Gave birth to three children. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Shōshi Шаблон:Lang |
1000–1012 (12 years) |
988–1074 (86 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Fujiwara no Michinaga. Gave birth to Emperor Go-Ichijō and Emperor Go-Suzaku. Empress dowager from 1012 to 1018. Grand empress dowager from 1018. | |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Seishi Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Sanjō | 1012–1016 (4 years) |
972–1025 (52–53 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Fujiwara no Naritoki. Gave birth to six children. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Kenshi Шаблон:Lang |
1012–1018 (6 years) |
994–1027 (32–33 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Fujiwara no Michinaga. Gave birth to Princess Teishi. Empress dowager from 1018. | |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Ishi Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Go-Ichijō | 1018–1036 (18 years) |
1027–1105 (77–78 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Fujiwara no Michinaga. Gave birth to Princess Shōshi (1027–1105) and Princess Kaoruko. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Teishi Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Go-Suzaku | 1037–1051 (14 years) |
1013–1094 (80 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Emperor Sanjō and Fujiwara no Kenshi (994–1027). Gave birth to Emperor Go-Sanjō and two other children. Empress dowager from 1051 until 1068. Grand empress dowager from 1068. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Genshi Шаблон:Lang |
1037–1039 (2 years) |
1016–1039 (23 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Prince Atsuyasu; granddaughter of Emperor Ichijō; adopted daughter of Fujiwara no Yorimichi. Gave birth to two children. | |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Shōshi Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Go-Reizei | 1046–1068 (22 years) |
1027–1105 (77–78 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Emperor Go-Ichijō and Fujiwara no Ishi. Empress dowager from 1068 until 1069. Grand empress dowager from 1069. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Hiroko Шаблон:Lang |
1051–1069 (18 years) |
1036–1127 (90–91 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Fujiwara no Yorimichi. Empress dowager from 1069 until 1074. Grand empress dowager from 1074. | |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Kanshi Шаблон:Lang |
1068–1074 (6 years) |
1021–1102 (80–81 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Fujiwara no Norimichi. Gave birth to one child. Empress dowager from 1074. | |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Kaoruko Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Go-Sanjō | 1069–1093[56] (24 years) |
1029–1093 (63–64 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Emperor Go-Ichijō. Married Emperor Go-Sanjō in 1051. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Kenshi Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Shirakawa | 1074–1084 (10 years) |
1057–1084 (26–27 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Minamoto Akifusa; adopted daughter of Fujiwara no Morozane. Gave birth to Emperor Horikawa and four other children. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Yasuko Шаблон:Lang |
Honorary; adoptive mother of Emperor Horikawa | 1091–1093 (2 years) |
1076–1096 (19–20 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Emperor Shirakawa and Fujiwara no Kenshi (1057–1084); sister of Emperor Horikawa. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Tokushi Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Horikawa | 1093–1107 (14 years) |
1060–1114 (53–54 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Emperor Go-Sanjō and Princess Kaoruko. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Reishi Шаблон:Lang |
Honorary; adoptive mother of Emperor Toba | 1108–1134 (26 years) |
1078–1144 (65–66 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Emperor Shirakawa and Fujiwara no Kenshi (1057–1084); aunt of Emperor Toba. |
| Файл:Taikenmonin.jpg | Fujiwara no Tamako Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Toba | 1118–1124 (6 years) |
1101–1145 (43–44 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Fujiwara no Kinzane. Raised by Emperor Shirakawa after losing her father when she was seven years old. Gave birth to Emperor Sutoku, Emperor Go-Shirakawa, Princess Muneko and four other children. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Kiyoko Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Sutoku | 1130–1142 (12 years) |
1122–1182 (59–60 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Fujiwara no Tadamichi. Empress dowager from 1142. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Yasuko Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Toba | 1134–1139 (5 years) |
1095–1156 (60–61 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Fujiwara no Tadazane. |
| Файл:Bifukumonin.jpg | Fujiwara no Nariko Шаблон:Lang |
1142–1149 (7 years) |
1117–1160 (42–43 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Fujiwara no Nagazane. Gave birth to Emperor Konoe, Princess Yoshiko (1141–1176) and two other children. | |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Tashi Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Konoe | 1150–1156 (6 years) |
1140–1202 (61–62 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Tokudaiji Kinyoshi; adopted daughter of Fujiwara no Yorinaga. Empress dowager from 1156. Grand empress dowager from 1158. Consort of Emperor Nijō from 1160 until 1165. Only empress to become the consort of two emperors. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Teishi Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Konoe | 1150–1158 (7 years) |
1131–1176 (44–45 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Fujiwara no Koremichi; adopted daughter of Fujiwara no Tadamichi. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Kinshi Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Go-Shirakawa | 1156–1172 (7 years) |
1134–1209 (74–75 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Tokudaiji Kinyoshi. Empress dowager from 1172. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Muneko Шаблон:Lang |
Honorary; adoptive mother of Emperor Go-Shirakawa | 1158–1159 (11 months) |
1126–1189 (62 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Emperor Toba and Fujiwara no Tamako; sister of Emperor Go-Shirakawa. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Yoshiko Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Nijō | 1159–1162 (2 years) |
1141–1176 (34 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Emperor Toba and Fujiwara no Nariko. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Ikushi Шаблон:Lang |
1162–1173 (11 years) |
1146–1173 (26–27 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Tokudaiji Saneyoshi; foster mother of Emperor Rokujō. | |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Taira no Tokuko Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Takakura | 1172–1182 (9 years) |
1155–1214 (58–59 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Emperor Go-Shirakawa. Gave birth to Emperor Antoku. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Sukeko Шаблон:Lang |
Honorary; adoptive mother of Emperor Antoku (until 1183) Шаблон:HrHonorary; adoptive mother of Emperor Go-Toba |
1182–1187 (4 years) |
1147–1216 (68–69 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Emperor Go-Shirakawa; aunt of Emperor Antoku and Emperor Go-Toba. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Ninshi Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Go-Toba | 1190–1200 (10 years) |
1147–1216 (68–69 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Fujiwara no Kanezane. Gave birth to Princess Shōshi (1195–1211). |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Noriko Шаблон:Lang |
Honorary; adoptive mother of Emperor Tsuchimikado | 1198–1206 (8 years) |
1177–1210 (32 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Emperor Takakura; aunt of Emperor Tsuchimikado. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Reishi Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Tsuchimikado | 1205–1210 (4 years) |
1185–1243 (57–58 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Fujiwara no Yorizane. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Shōshi Шаблон:Lang |
Honorary; adoptive mother of Prince Morinari | 1208–1209 (8 months) |
1195–1211 (16 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Emperor Go-Toba and Fujiwara no Ninshi; sister of Prince Morinari (later Emperor Juntoku). |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Ritsushi Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Juntoku | 1211–1222 (11 years) |
1192–1248 (55–56 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Kujō Yoshitsune. Gave birth to Emperor Chūkyō and one other child. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Kuniko Шаблон:Lang |
Honorary; adoptive mother of Emperor Go-Horikawa | 1222–1224 (2 years) |
1209–1283 (73–74 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Prince Morisada; granddaughter of Emperor Takakura; sister of Emperor Go-Horikawa. Surrogate mother to Emperor Kameyama. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Ariko Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Go-Horikawa | 1223–1227 (3 years) |
1207–1286 (78–79 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Sanjō Kinfusa. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Chōshi Шаблон:Lang |
1226–1229 (2 years) |
1218–1275 (56–57 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Konoe Iezane. | |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Shunshi Шаблон:Lang |
1230–1233 (3 years) |
1218–1275 (56–57 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Kujō Michiie. Gave birth to Emperor Shijō and one other child. | |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Rishi Шаблон:Lang |
Honorary; adoptive mother of Emperor Shijō | 1233–1239 (6 years) |
1197–1251 (53–54 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Prince Morisada; granddaughter of Emperor Takakura; aunt of Emperor Shijō. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Kisshi Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Go-Saga | 1242–1248 (6 years) |
1225–1292 (66–67 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Saionji Saneuji. Gave birth to Emperor Go-Fukakusa, Emperor Kameyama and three other children. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Teruko Шаблон:Lang |
Honorary; adoptive mother of Emperor Go-Saga | 1248–1251 (2 years) |
1224–1262 (37–38 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Emperor Tsuchimikado; aunt of Emperor Go-Saga. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Kimiko Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Go-Fukakusa | 1257–1260 (2 years) |
1232–1304 (71–72 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Saionji Saneuji. Gave birth to Princess Reishi (1270–1307) and one other child. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Saneko Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Kameyama | 1261–1272 (11 years) |
1245–1272 (26–27 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Tōin Saneo. Gave birth to Emperor Go-Uda and two other children. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Kishi Шаблон:Lang |
1261–1269 (7 years) |
1252–1318 (65–66 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Saionji Kinsuke. | |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Reishi Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Go-Uda | 1285–1291 (5 years) |
1270–1307 (36 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Emperor Go-Fukakusa and Fujiwara no Kimiko. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Saionji Shōshi Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Fushimi | 1288–1298 (9 years) |
1271–1342 (70–71 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Saionji Sanekane. Poet. Adopted Emperor Go-Fushimi. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Kinshi Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Go-Nijō | 1303–1308 (4 years) |
1283–1352 (68–69 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Tokudaiji Kintaka. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Shōshi Шаблон:Lang |
Honorary Empress of Emperor Go-Daigo | 1319 (6 months) |
1286–1348 (62 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Emperor Go-Uda; half-sister of Emperor Go-Daigo. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Saionji Kishi Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Go-Daigo | 1319–1333 (14 years) |
after 1295 and before 1305–1333 (27–38 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Saionji Sanekane. Poet. Married Emperor Go-Daigo in 1314. Gave birth to Princess Kanshi and one other child. Empress dowager from 1333. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Junshi Шаблон:Lang |
1334–1337 (3 years) |
1311–1337 (25–26 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Emperor Go-Fushimi. Gave birth to one child. | |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Daughter of Saionji Kinshige | Emperor Chōkei | appointed as early as 1371 | Name unknown. Gave birth to one child. |
| Файл:Tokugawa Masako.jpg | Tokugawa Masako Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Go-Mizunoo | 1624–1629 (5 years) |
1607–1678 (70 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Tokugawa Hidetada. Gave birth to Empress Meishō and six other children. Adopted Emperor Go-Kōmyō and Emperor Go-Sai. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Takatsukasa Fusako Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Reigen | 1683–1687 (3 years) |
1653–1712 (58 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Takatsukasa Norihira. Gave birth to one child. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Yukiko Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Higashiyama | 1708–1710 (2 years) |
1680–1720 (39 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Prince Arisugawa Yukihito. Gave birth to one child. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Yoshiko Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Kōkaku | 1794–1820 (26 years) |
1779–1846 (67 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Emperor Go-Momozono. Last daughter of an emperor to become empress. Gave birth to two children. Adopted Emperor Ninkō. Empress dowager from 1820. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Takatsukasa Tsunako Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Ninkō | posthumously appointed in 1824 | 1798–1823 (24–25 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Takatsukasa Masahiro. Married Emperor Ninkō in 1817. Gave birth to two children. |
| Файл:Empress Shoken2 (cropped).jpg | Ichijō Masako Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Meiji | 11 January 1869 – 30 July 1912 (Шаблон:Ayd) |
9 May 1849 – 9 April 1914 (Шаблон:Ayd) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Tadayoshi Ichijō. Married Emperor Meiji on 11 January 1869. Adopted Emperor Taishō. Empress dowager from 1912. |
| Файл:Empress Sadako-big-1912.jpg | Kujō Sadako Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Taishō | 30 July 1912 – 25 December 1926 (Шаблон:Ayd) |
25 June 1884 – 17 May 1951 (Шаблон:Ayd) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Kujō Michitaka. Married Emperor Taishō on 10 May 1900. Gave birth to Emperor Shōwa and three other children. Empress Dowager from 1926. |
| Файл:Empress Kōjun official portrait 1.jpg | Princess Nagako Шаблон:Lang |
Emperor Shōwa | 25 December 1926 – 7 January 1989 (Шаблон:Ayd) |
6 March 1903 – 16 June 2000 (Шаблон:Ayd) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Prince Kuni Kuniyoshi. Married Emperor Shōwa on 26 January 1924. Gave birth to Akihito and six other children. Empress Dowager from 1989. |
| Файл:EmpressMichikoOfJapan.jpg | Shōda Michiko Шаблон:Lang |
Akihito | 7 January 1989 – 30 April 2019 (Шаблон:Ayd) |
born 20 October 1934 (Шаблон:Ayd) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Hidesaburō Shōda. Married Akihito on 10 April 1959. Gave birth to Naruhito and two other children. Referred to as Jōkōgō (Шаблон:Lang; "Empress Emerita") following Akihito's abdication. |
| Файл:Empress Masako at TICAD7.jpg | Owada Masako Шаблон:Lang |
Naruhito | 1 May 2019 – present (Шаблон:Ayd) |
born 9 December 1963 (Шаблон:Ayd) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Hisashi Owada. Married Naruhito on 9 June 1993. Gave birth to one child. |
List of empresses dowager
| Portrait | Name | Reign | Life details |
|---|---|---|---|
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Himetataraisuzu-hime Шаблон:Lang |
appointed in 581 BC[9] | Empress consort of Emperor Jimmu from 660 BC until 581 BC. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Isuzuyori-hime Шаблон:Lang |
appointed in 548 BC[10] | Empress consort of Emperor Suizei from 580 BC until 548 BC. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Nunasokonakatsu-hime Шаблон:Lang |
appointed in 510 BC[12] | Empress consort of Emperor Annei from 546 BC until 510 BC. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Amonotoyototsu-hime Шаблон:Lang |
appointed in 475 BC[13] | Empress consort of Emperor Itoku from 509 BC until 475 BC. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Yosotarashi-hime Шаблон:Lang |
appointed in 392 BC[14] | Empress consort of Emperor Kōshō from 447 BC until 392 BC. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Oshi-hime Шаблон:Lang |
appointed in 290 BC[15] | Empress consort of Emperor Kōan from 367 BC until 290 BC. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Kuwashi-hime Шаблон:Lang |
appointed in 214 BC[16] | Empress consort of Emperor Kōrei from 289 BC until 214 BC. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Utsushikome Шаблон:Lang |
appointed in 157 BC[18] | Empress consort of Emperor Kōgen from 208 BC until 157 BC. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Ikagashikome Шаблон:Lang |
appointed in 97 BC[19] | Empress consort of Emperor Kaika from 152 BC until 97 BC. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Mimaki-hime Шаблон:Lang |
appointed in 29 BC[20] | Empress consort of Emperor Sujin from 97 BC until 29 BC. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Yasakairi-hime Шаблон:Lang |
appointed in 132[27] | Empress consort of Emperor Keikō from 122 until 132. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Futajiiri-hime Шаблон:Lang |
appointed in 192 | Daughter of Emperor Suinin. Spouse of Yamato Takeru. Gave birth to Emperor Chūai and three other children. |
| Файл:Kaiserin Jingū.jpg | Okinagatarashi-hime Шаблон:Lang |
201[29]–269 (68 years) |
169–269 (100 years) Шаблон:HrEmpress consort of Emperor Chūai from 193 until 201. Regent of Emperor Ōjin from 201 until 269. |
| Файл:Nakatsuhime Yakushiji.jpg | Nakatsu-hime Шаблон:Lang |
appointed in 313[31] | Empress consort of Emperor Ōjin from 271 until 313. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Oshisaka no Ōnakatsuhime Шаблон:Lang |
appointed in 453[36] | Empress consort of Emperor Ingyō from 413 until 453. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Tachibana no Nakatsu Шаблон:Lang |
appointed in 539[47] | Empress consort of Emperor Senka from 536 until 539. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Ishi-hime Шаблон:Lang |
appointed in 572[49] | Empress consort of Emperor Kinmei from 540 until 572. |
| Файл:Empress Kōmyō by simomura kanzan.jpg | Fujiwara Asukabehime Шаблон:Lang |
749–760 (10 years) |
701–760 (58–59 years) Шаблон:HrEmpress consort of Emperor Shōmu from 729 until 749. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Ki no Tochihime Шаблон:Lang |
posthumously appointed in 771 | died 709
Шаблон:HrDaughter of Ki no Morohito. Spouse of Prince Shiki. Gave birth to Emperor Kōnin and one other child. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Takano no Niigasa Шаблон:Lang |
790–806 (16 years, posthumous) |
ca. 720–790 (70 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Yamato no Ototsugu. Concubine of Emperor Kōnin. Gave birth to Emperor Kanmu and two other children. Posthumously appointed grand empress dowager in 806. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Otomuro Шаблон:Lang |
posthumously appointed in 806 | 760–790 (29–30 years) Шаблон:HrEmpress consort of Emperor Kanmu from 783 until 790. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Ryoshi Шаблон:Lang |
posthumously appointed in 823 | 759–788 (28–29 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Fujiwara no Momokawa. Consort of Emperor Kanmu from 785 until 788. Gave birth to Emperor Junna. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Tachibana no Kachiko Шаблон:Lang |
823–833 (9 years) |
786–850 (63–64 years) Шаблон:HrEmpress consort of Emperor Saga from 815 until 823. Grand empress dowager from 833. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Seishi Шаблон:Lang |
833–854 (21 years) |
810–879 (68–69 years) Шаблон:HrEmpress consort of Emperor Junna from 827 until 833. Grand empress dowager from 854. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Junshi Шаблон:Lang |
854–864 (9 years) |
809–871 (61–62 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu. Consort of Emperor Ninmyō from 833 until 850. Grand empress dowager from 864. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Akirakeiko Шаблон:Lang |
864–882 (17 years) |
829–900 (70–71 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Fujiwara no Yoshifusa. Consort of Emperor Montoku from 850 to 858. Grand empress dowager from 882. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Takaiko Шаблон:Lang |
882–896 (12 years) Шаблон:Hrposthumously restored in 943 |
842–910 (67–68 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Fujiwara no Nagara. Consort of Emperor Seiwa from 866 to 877. Title of empress dowager removed in 896 due to a suspected affair with Zenyu, head priest of the Toko-ji Temple. Title posthumously restored in 943. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Sawako Шаблон:Lang |
posthumously appointed in 884 | died 839
Шаблон:HrDaughter of Fujiwara no Fusatsugu. Consort of Emperor Ninmyō from 833 until 839. Gave birth to Emperor Kōkō and three other children. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Inshi Шаблон:Lang |
posthumously appointed in 897 | died 896
Шаблон:HrDaughter of Fujiwara no Takafuji. Consort of Emperor Uda from 892 until 896. Gave birth to Emperor Daigo and four other children. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Hanshi Шаблон:Lang |
897–900 (2 years) |
833–900 (66–67 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Prince Nakano; granddaughter of Emperor Kanmu. Consort of Emperor Kōkō from 884 until 887. Gave birth to Emperor Uda and seven other children. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Onshi Шаблон:Lang |
931–946 (14 years) |
885–954 (68–69 years) Шаблон:HrEmpress Consort of Emperor Daigo from 923 until 931. Grand empress dowager from 946. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Anshi Шаблон:Lang |
968–969 (1 year, posthumous) |
927–964 (68–69 years) Шаблон:HrEmpress Consort of Emperor Murakami from 958 until 964. Posthumously appointed grand empress dowager in 969. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Masako Шаблон:Lang |
973–986 (13 years) |
950–1000 (49–50 years) Шаблон:HrEmpress Consort of Emperor Reizei from 967 until 973. Grand empress dowager from 986. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Chikako Шаблон:Lang |
posthumously appointed in 985 | 945–975 (29–30 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Fujiwara no Koretada. Consort of Emperor Reizei from 967 until 975. Gave birth to Emperor Kazan and two more children. |
| Файл:東三条院詮子.jpg | Fujiwara no Senshi Шаблон:Lang |
986–991 (5 years) |
962–1002 (39–40 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Fujiwara no Kaneie. Consort of Emperor En'yū from 978 until 986. Priestess from 991. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Junshi Шаблон:Lang |
1000–1012 (11 years) |
957–1017 (59–60 years) Шаблон:HrEmpress consort of Emperor En'yū from 982 until 997. Grand empress dowager from 1012. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Tōko Шаблон:Lang |
posthumously appointed in 1011 | 954–982 (27–28 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Fujiwara no Kaneie. Consort of Emperor Reizei from 968 until 982. Gave birth to Emperor Sanjō and three other children. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Shōshi Шаблон:Lang |
1012–1018 (5 years) |
988–1074 (86 years) Шаблон:HrEmpress consort of Emperor Ichijō from 1000 until 1012. Grand empress dowager from 1018. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Kenshi Шаблон:Lang |
1018–1027 (8 years) |
994–1027 (32–33 years) Шаблон:HrEmpress consort of Emperor Sanjō from 1012 until 1018. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Yoshiko Шаблон:Lang |
posthumously appointed in 1045 | 1007–1025 (18 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Fujiwara no Michinaga. Spouse of then Prince Atsunaga (later Emperor Go-Suzaku). Gave birth to Emperor Go-Reizei. Died prior to the accession of Emperor Go-Suzaku. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Teishi Шаблон:Lang |
1051–1068 (17 years) |
1013–1094 (80 years) Шаблон:HrEmpress consort of Emperor Go-Suzaku from 1037 until 1051. Grand empress dowager from 1068. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Shōshi Шаблон:Lang |
1068–1069 (1 year) |
1027–1105 (77–78 years) Шаблон:HrEmpress consort of Emperor Go-Reizei from 1046 until 1068. Grand empress dowager from 1069. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Hiroko Шаблон:Lang |
1069–1074 (4 years) |
1036–1127 (90–91 years) Шаблон:HrEmpress consort of Emperor Go-Reizei from 1051 until 1069. Grand empress dowager from 1074. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Shigeko Шаблон:Lang |
posthumously appointed in 1073 | died 1062
Шаблон:HrDaughter of Fujiwara Kinnari. Adopted daughter of Fujiwara Yoshinobu. Spouse of Prince Takahito (later Emperor Go-Sanjō) from 1046 until 1062. Gave birth to Emperor Shirakawa, Princess Tokushi and three other children. Died prior to the accession of Emperor Go-Sanjō. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Kanshi Шаблон:Lang |
1074–1102 (28 years) |
1021–1102 (80–81 years) Шаблон:HrEmpress consort of Emperor Go-Reizei from 1068 until 1074. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Kenshi Шаблон:Lang |
posthumously appointed in 1088 | 1057–1084 (26–27 years) Шаблон:HrEmpress consort of Emperor Shirakawa from 1074 until 1084. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Ishi Шаблон:Lang |
posthumously appointed in 1107 | 1076–1103 (26–27 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Fujiwara no Sanesue. Consort of Emperor Horikawa from 1098 until 1103. Gave birth to Emperor Toba. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Kiyoko Шаблон:Lang |
1142–1150 (8 years) |
1122–1182 (59–60 years) Шаблон:HrEmpress consort of Emperor Sutoku from 1130 until 1142. Received an imperial title in 1150. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Tashi Шаблон:Lang |
1156–1158 (1 year) |
1140–1202 (61–62 years) Шаблон:HrEmpress consort of Emperor Konoe from 1150 until 1156. Grand empress dowager from 1158. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Minamoto no Yoshiko Шаблон:Lang |
posthumously appointed in 1159 | 1116–1143 (27–28 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Fujiwara no Tsunizage. Adopted daughter of Minamoto no Arihito. Spouse of Prince Masahito (later Emperor Go-Shirakawa). Gave birth to Emperor Nijō. Died prior to the accession of Emperor Go-Shirakawa. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Teishi Шаблон:Lang |
1158–1168 (10 years) |
1131–1176 (44–45 years) Шаблон:HrEmpress consort of Emperor Konoe from 1150 until 1158. Received an imperial title in 1168. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Taira no Shigeko Шаблон:Lang |
1168–1169 (1 year) |
1142–1176 (44–45 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Taira no Tokinobu. Consort of Emperor Go-Shirakawa following his abdication until 1168. Gave birth to Emperor Takakura. Received an imperial title in 1169. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Kinshi Шаблон:Lang |
1172–1209 (37 years) |
1134–1209 (74–75 years) Шаблон:HrEmpress consort of Emperor Go-Shirakawa from 1156 until 1172. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Minamoto no Michiko Шаблон:Lang |
posthumously appointed in 1243 | died 1221
Шаблон:HrDaughter of Minamoto no Michimune. Lady-in-waiting of Emperor Tsuchimikado. Gave birth to Emperor Go-Saga and four other children. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Saionji Kishi Шаблон:Lang |
1333 (1 month) |
after 1295 and before 1305–1333 (27–38 years) Шаблон:HrEmpress consort of Emperor Go-Daigo from 1319 until 1333. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Ano no Renshi Шаблон:Lang |
1339–1352 (12 years) |
1301–1359 (57–58 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Ano Kinkado; adopted daughter of Tōin Kinkata. Consort of Emperor Go-Daigo from 1335 until 1339. Received an imperial title in 1352. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Niwata Asako Шаблон:Lang |
posthumously appointed in 1504 | 1437–1492 (54–55 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Niwata Shigekata. Lady-in-waiting of Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado. Gave birth to Emperor Go-Kashiwabara and two other children. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Madenokōji Eiko Шаблон:Lang |
posthumously appointed in 1558 | 1499–1522 (20–21 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Madenokōji Katafusa. Spouse of Prince Tomohito (later Emperor Go-Nara). Gave birth to Emperor Ōgimachi and one other child. Died prior to the accession of Emperor Go-Nara. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Konoe Hisako Шаблон:Lang |
posthumously appointed in 1728 | 1702–1720 (17 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Konoe Iehiro. Consort of Emperor Nakamikado from 1716 until 1720. Gave birth to Emperor Sakuramachi. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Nijō Ieko Шаблон:Lang |
1747–1750 (3 years) |
1716–1790 (73 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Nijō Yoshitada. Consort of Emperor Sakuramachi from 1736 until 1747. Gave birth to Empress Go-Sakuramachi and one other child. Received an imperial title in 1750. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Ichijō Tomiko Шаблон:Lang |
1771 (2 months) |
1743–1796 (52 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Ichijō Kaneka. Consort of Emperor Momozono from 1759 until 1771. Gave birth to Emperor Go-Momozono and one other child. Received an imperial title in 1771. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Konoe Koreko Шаблон:Lang |
1781–1783 (2 years) |
1760–1783 (23 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Konoe Uchisaki. Consort of Emperor Go-Momozono from 1772 until 1781. Gave birth to Princess Yoshiko. Adopted Emperor Kōkaku. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Yoshiko Шаблон:Lang |
1820–1841 (21 years) |
1779–1846 (67 years) Шаблон:HrEmpress consort of Emperor Kōkaku from 1794 until 1820. Received an imperial title in 1841. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Takatsukasa Yasuko Шаблон:Lang |
1847 (8 months) |
1811–1847 (36 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Takatsukasa Masahiro. Consort of Emperor Ninkō from 1825 until 1847. Gave birth to one child. |
| Файл:Empress Eisho Portrait by Araki Kanpo.png | Kujō Asako Шаблон:Lang |
1868–1897 (28 years) |
1835–1897 (62 years) Шаблон:HrDaughter of Kujō Hisatada. Consort of Emperor Kōmei from 1848 until 1868. Gave birth to two children. Adopted Emperor Meiji. |
| Файл:Empress Shoken2 (cropped).jpg | Ichijō Masako Шаблон:Lang |
30 July 1912 – 9 April 1914 (Шаблон:Ayd) |
9 May 1849 – 9 April 1914 (Шаблон:Ayd) Шаблон:HrEmpress consort of Emperor Meiji from 1869 until 1912. |
| Файл:Empress Sadako-big-1912.jpg | Kujō Sadako Шаблон:Lang |
25 December 1926 – 17 May 1951 (Шаблон:Ayd) |
25 June 1884 – 17 May 1951 (Шаблон:Ayd) Шаблон:HrEmpress consort of Emperor Taishō from 1912 until 1926. |
| Файл:Empress Kōjun official portrait 1.jpg | Princess Nagako Шаблон:Lang |
7 January 1989 – 16 June 2000 (Шаблон:Ayd) |
6 March 1903 – 16 June 2000 (Шаблон:Ayd) Шаблон:HrEmpress consort of Emperor Shōwa from 1926 until 1989. |
List of grand empresses dowager
| Portrait | Name | Reign | Life details |
|---|---|---|---|
| Файл:Fujiwara miyako.jpg | Fujiwara no Miyako Шаблон:Lang |
749–754 (28 years) |
died 754
Шаблон:HrDaughter of Fujiwara no Fuhito. Spouse of Emperor Monmu from 697 until 707. Gave birth to Emperor Shōmu. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Takano no Niigasa Шаблон:Lang |
posthumously appointed in 806 | ca. 720–790 (70 years) Шаблон:HrConcubine of Emperor Kōnin. Posthumous empress dowager from 790 until 806. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Tachibana no Kachiko Шаблон:Lang |
833–850 (17 years) |
786–850 (63–64 years) Шаблон:HrEmpress consort of Emperor Saga from 815 until 823. Empress dowager from 823 until 833. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Seishi Шаблон:Lang |
854–860 (6 years) |
810–879 (68–69 years) Шаблон:HrEmpress consort of Emperor Junna from 827 until 833. Empress dowager from 833 until 854. Became a priestess in 860. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Junshi Шаблон:Lang |
864–871 (7 years) |
809–871 (61–62 years) Шаблон:HrConsort of Emperor Ninmyō from 833 until 850. Empress dowager from 854 until 864. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Akirakeiko Шаблон:Lang |
882–900 (18 years) |
829–900 (70–71 years) Шаблон:HrConsort of Emperor Montoku from 850 to 858. Empress dowager from 864 until 882. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Onshi Шаблон:Lang |
946–954 (7 years) |
885–954 (68–69 years) Шаблон:HrEmpress Consort of Emperor Daigo from 923 until 931. Empress dowager from 931 until 946. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Anshi Шаблон:Lang |
posthumously appointed in 969 | 927–964 (68–69 years) Шаблон:HrEmpress consort of Emperor Murakami from 958 until 964. Posthumous empress dowager from 968 until 969. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Masako Шаблон:Lang |
986–1000 (3 years) |
950–1000 (49–50 years) Шаблон:HrEmpress consort of Emperor Reizei from 967 until 973. Empress dowager from 973 until 986. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Junshi Шаблон:Lang |
1012–1017 (5 years) |
957–1017 (59–60 years) Шаблон:HrEmpress consort of Emperor En'yū from 982 until 997. Empress dowager from 1000 until 1012. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Shōshi Шаблон:Lang |
1018–1074 (56 years) |
988–1074 (86 years) Шаблон:HrEmpress consort of Emperor Ichijō from 1000 until 1012. Empress dowager from 1012 until 1018. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Teishi Шаблон:Lang |
1068–1094 (17 years) |
1013–1094 (80 years) Шаблон:HrEmpress consort of Emperor Go-Suzaku from 1037 until 1051. Empress dowager from 1051 until 1068. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Shōshi Шаблон:Lang |
1069–1105 (36 years) |
1027–1105 (77–78 years) Шаблон:HrEmpress consort of Emperor Go-Reizei from 1046 until 1068. Empress dowager from 1068 until 1069. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Princess Reishi Шаблон:Lang |
1134–1144 (10 years) |
1078–1144 (65–66 years) Шаблон:HrHonorary empress from 1108 until 1134. |
| Файл:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg | Fujiwara no Tashi Шаблон:Lang |
1158–1202 (44 years) |
1140–1202 (61–62 years) Шаблон:HrEmpress consort of Emperor Konoe from 1150 until 1156. Empress dowager from 1156 until 1158. Consort of Emperor Nijō from 1160 until 1165. |
See also
- Emperor of Japan
- Himiko
- Taiyoo
- Imperial House of Japan
- Japanese imperial succession debate
- Dayang Kalangitan
- Kōkyū
- List of Nyoin
- Midaidokoro
- List of female castellans in Japan
Notes
References
Шаблон:Consorts of Japan Шаблон:Empress dowagers of Japan Шаблон:Grand empress dowagers of Japan Шаблон:First ladies and gentlemen Шаблон:Authority control
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ "Life in the Cloudy Imperial Fishbowl", Japan Times. March 27, 2007.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Kōgō" in Шаблон:Google books.
- ↑ Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial Family, p. 318.
- ↑ Nussbaum, "Chūgū" at Шаблон:Google books.
- ↑ Ponsonby-Fane, pp. 300–302.
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 9,3 Anston, p. 140 (Vol. 1)
- ↑ 10,0 10,1 10,2 Anston, p. 141 (Vol. 1)
- ↑ Anston, p. 142 (Vol. 1)
- ↑ 12,0 12,1 12,2 12,3 Anston, p. 143 (Vol. 1)
- ↑ 13,0 13,1 13,2 13,3 Anston, p. 144 (Vol. 1)
- ↑ 14,0 14,1 14,2 14,3 Anston, p. 145 (Vol. 1)
- ↑ 15,0 15,1 15,2 15,3 Anston, p. 146 (Vol. 1)
- ↑ 16,0 16,1 16,2 Anston, p. 147 (Vol. 1)
- ↑ Anston, p. 148 (Vol. 1)
- ↑ 18,0 18,1 18,2 18,3 Anston, p. 149 (Vol. 1)
- ↑ 19,0 19,1 19,2 19,3 Anston, p. 150 (Vol. 1)
- ↑ 20,0 20,1 20,2 Anston, p. 165 (Vol. 1)
- ↑ Anston, p. 166 (Vol. 1)
- ↑ 22,0 22,1 22,2 Anston, pp. 170–173 (Vol. 1)
- ↑ Anston, p. 174 (Vol. 1)
- ↑ 24,0 24,1 Anston, p. 180 (Vol. 1)
- ↑ Anston, p. 188 (Vol. 1)
- ↑ 26,0 26,1 26,2 Anston, p. 212 (Vol. 1)
- ↑ 27,0 27,1 27,2 Anston, p. 214 (Vol. 1)
- ↑ Anston, p. 218 (Vol. 1)
- ↑ 29,0 29,1 29,2 Anston, p. 241 (Vol. 1)
- ↑ Anston, p. 255 (Vol. 1)
- ↑ 31,0 31,1 31,2 Anston, p. 277 (Vol. 1)
- ↑ Anston, p. 278 (Vol. 1)
- ↑ 33,0 33,1 33,2 Anston, p. 289 (Vol. 1)
- ↑ Anston, p. 308 (Vol. 1)
- ↑ Anston, p. 314 (Vol. 1)
- ↑ 36,0 36,1 36,2 Anston, pp. 325–329 (Vol. 1)
- ↑ 37,0 37,1 Anston, p. 331 (Vol. 1)
- ↑ Anston, p. 337 (Vol. 1)
- ↑ Anston, pp. 385–386
- ↑ 40,0 40,1 40,2 Anston, p. 395 (Vol. 1)
- ↑ Anston, p. 394 (Vol. 1)
- ↑ Anston, p. 404 (Vol. 1)
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Anston, p. 26 (Vol. 2)
- ↑ Anston, p. 9 (Vol. 2)
- ↑ Anston, p. 33 (Vol. 2)
- ↑ 47,0 47,1 47,2 Anston, pp. 35–38
- ↑ Anston, p. 38 (Vol. 2)
- ↑ 49,0 49,1 Anston, p. 91 (Vol. 2)
- ↑ Anston, p. 94 (Vol. 2)
- ↑ 51,0 51,1 Anston, p. 95 (Vol. 2)
- ↑ Anston, p. 107 (Vol. 2)
- ↑ Anston, p. 164 (Vol. 2)
- ↑ Anston, p. 287 (Vol. 2)
- ↑ Anston, p. 321 (Vol. 2)
- ↑ Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1915). The Imperial Family of Japan, p. x.
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