Английская Википедия:English muffin

Содержание

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

An English muffin is a small, round and flat yeast-leavened (sometimes sourdough) bread which is commonly Шаблон:Convert round and Шаблон:Convert tall. It is generally split horizontally and served toasted. In North America, Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, it is frequently eaten with sweet or savoury toppings such as butter, fruit jam, honey, eggs, sausage, bacon, or cheese. English muffins are an essential ingredient in eggs Benedict and a variety of breakfast sandwiches derived from it, such as the McMuffin, and can be used in place of other breads for French toast.

These products are called English muffins to distinguish them from the sweeter cupcake-shaped products also known as muffins, although in the UK, English muffins are frequently referred to simply as muffins. English muffins are available in a wide range of varieties, including whole wheat, multigrain, cinnamon raisin, cranberry, and apple cinnamon.

Origin

Файл:Paul Sandby - London Cries- A Muffin Man - Google Art Project.jpg

London Cries: A Muffin Man (Шаблон:C.)

The word muffin is thought to come from the Low German Шаблон:Lang, meaning "little cakes". The Oxford English Dictionary also suggests a possible link to Old French Шаблон:Lang, a type of bread. Originally it meant "any of various kinds of bread or cake".

The first recorded use of the word muffin was in 1703, and recipes for muffins appear in British cookbooks as early as 1747 in Hannah Glasse's The Art of Cookery. The muffins are described as being "like a Honey-comb" inside.

In the Oxford Companion to Food, Alan Davidson states that "[t]here has always been some confusion between muffins, crumpets, and pikelets, both in recipes and in name". The increasing popularity of flatbread muffins in the 19th century, is attested by the existence of muffin men, a type of hawker who would travel door to door selling English muffins as a snack bread before most homes had their own ovens.

Bell ringing

Файл:Muffin man - Project Gutenberg eText 20338.png

A Victorian-era muffin man ringing a bell, Punch, 1892

The bell-ringing of muffin men became so common that by 1839, the British Parliament passed a bill to prohibit bell ringing by muffin men, but it was not adhered to by sellers. In 1861, "goodsized" muffins from street-sellers were commonly sold for a halfpenny each; crumpets were about a penny.

In popular culture

The traditional English nursery rhyme "The Muffin Man", which dates from 1820 at the latest, traces to that custom.

A well-known reference to English muffins is in Oscar Wilde's 1895 play The Importance of Being Earnest.

By country

United Kingdom

Файл:Tesco muffins.jpg

Wholemeal English muffins

English muffins are usually referred to simply as muffins in the UK; sweet American-style muffins are occasionally referred to as American muffins to differentiate. They are usually consumed with tea or coffee, and sometimes feature in afternoon tea served in UK hotels. They are also consumed for breakfast in the form of American-style breakfast sandwiches.

United States

"Mush muffins (called slipperdowns in New England) were a Colonial [American] muffin made with hominy on a hanging griddle." These and other types of flatbread muffins were known to American settlers, but they declined in popularity with the advent of the quickbread muffin.

References to English muffins appear in U.S. newspapers starting in 1859, and detailed descriptions of them and recipes were published as early as 1870.

Файл:Muffin House watering jeh.jpg

The "Muffin House" in Manhattan, home of Samuel Bath Thomas' second bakery

A popular brand of English muffin in the U.S. is Thomas', which was founded in Manhattan, New York, by English immigrant Samuel Bath Thomas in 1880. Thomas opened a second bakery around the corner from the first at 337 West 20th Street in a building that remains known as "The Muffin House". Today the company is owned by Bimbo Bakeries USA, which also owns the Entenmann's, Boboli, Stroehmann, Oroweat, and Arnold brands.

Foster's sourdough English muffins were a popular brand of English muffin originally from San Francisco. They were a signature menu item at Foster's restaurants from the 1940s to the 1970s, and continued to be produced as a packaged brand until 2008.Шаблон:Citation needed

Portugal

English muffins are very similar to the Portuguese Шаблон:Lang.

See also

• Crumpet
• Scone
• MuffinШаблон:Spaced ndasha sweet quickbread (in American English)
• List of breads
• List of British breads