Английская Википедия:English ship Dainty (1588)

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Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristics

Dainty was an English race-built galleon that began to be built in 1588. The original name was Repentance, but this was soon changed. It participated in some naval engagements in the Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604). In 1593 it sailed from England under Richard Hawkins to navigate the Pacific Ocean and circumnavigate the world, but was captured the following year by the Spaniards when it was sailing off the coast of what is now Ecuador. It was commissioned by the Spaniards as Nuestra Señora de la Visitación (or Visitación), serving in the South Pacific for several years.

Construction

In 1588, the privateer Richard Hawkins, son of John Hawkins and cousin of Francis Drake, began building a ship on the River Thames, to become independent of his father and sail towards the Pacific Ocean,Шаблон:Efn-ua emulating Drake and Thomas Cavendish. It has been described as a larger ship compared to the Шаблон:Ship, but had the same essential attributes; being "profitable for stowage, good of sail, and well conditioned."Шаблон:Sfn The Dainty is considered a sister ship of Шаблон:Ship.

On the day of its launch, the ship was named Repentance by Hawkins's puritanical stepmother.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn It was renamed Dainty in 1589 by order of Queen Elizabeth I of England, since when she saw the ship, she considered it beautiful.Шаблон:Sfn

Career

English service

Файл:Richard Hawkins.jpg

Portrait of Richard Hawkins by an unknown artist in the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich

Hawkins could not make the trip he dreamed of when the ship was ready, as he was forced to sell it to his father.Шаблон:Sfn It remained in the service of the Queen's Navy since 1589, during the Anglo-Spanish War. In that year, his father added Dainty in the fleet under Martin Frobisher.Шаблон:Sfn In 1592, he participated in the Cruising Voyage to the Azores Islands, collaborating in the capture of the Portuguese carrack Шаблон:ShipШаблон:Sfn with a rich cargo, and a 600-ton Biscayan ship loaded with iron.Шаблон:Sfn On that occasion the ships captain was not Hawkins; it was helmed by another captain, who according to varying sources, could be Thomas ThompsonШаблон:Sfn or John Norton.

In the brief career of the ship it had already demonstrated good attributes, but Hawkins' father considered that it "never brought but cost, trouble and care", so, as a businessman, he decided to sell it to his son.Шаблон:Sfn The young Hawkins resumed his old project for which he had built the Dainty, preparing it in a short time;Шаблон:Sfn with a 100 menШаблон:Sfn and 20 or 32 guns.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

On 12 June 1593, after Hawkins obtained a letter of queen's mark, he sailed from PlymouthШаблон:Sfn to South America with the flagship Dainty and two other ships that formed his squadron; the 100-ton storeship Hawk and the 60-ton pinnace Fancy.Шаблон:Sfn Historians say that the crew of the Dainty and the other ships were of very poor quality, which would explain the delay they had in passing the English Channel and the three months in the Canary Islands.

Before passing the Equator, the ship was almost wrecked in the Gulf of Guinea due to Hawkins errors in calculation, and as time passed, the crew began to be affected by diseases such as scurvy. On November 10, Hawkins approached Santos (Brazil) with his squadron for provision, and five days later he anchored off Santa Ana Island to establish a camp. He was harassed by Native Portuguese militiamen, while stalking ships on the coast.Шаблон:Sfn

Due to the number of deaths from disease, the Hawk was sunk by Hawkins and its crew redistributed between the Dainty and Fancy.Шаблон:Sfn In December, he abandoned his anchorage off Brazil and, while cruising, captured a 100-ton Portuguese ship with the newly appointed governor and 50 Angolan soldiers. The ship was deprived of all his provisions before being released in January 1594.Шаблон:Sfn In the same month, while sailing near the Río de la Plata, the Dainty lost contact with the Fancy, which after separating reversed its course to England.Шаблон:Sfn Hawkins arrived with the Dainty in the Falkland Islands, and believing that he had discovered the islands, he baptized them again.

On February 20, Hawkins arrived with his ship at the Strait of Magellan, emerging in the Pacific in early April,Шаблон:Sfn heading to the coast of Chile. In the same month, after overcoming a storm, he passed through Valdivia and Mocha Island. Later, the Dainty appeared in Valparaíso, where he captured several ships for which Hawkins got a ransom in money,Шаблон:Sfn and continued his journey to the north coast.

On 31 May, sailing along the Peruvian coast, between Chincha Alta and San Vicente de Cañete, he met a Spanish squadron of six ships of varied tonnage under Beltrán de Castro, who had already been alerted to Hawkins's presence.Шаблон:Sfn The Dainty managed to escape due to the strong winds that damaged Spanish vessels.Шаблон:Sfn Hawkins continued with the ship to the north and, at the end of June, near the bay of Atacames (Ecuador), sighted the Spaniards with two ships under Castro.Шаблон:Sfn The Dainty was captured by the Spaniards in a fight that took place on 2 July,Шаблон:Sfn becoming the first vessel captured by the Spaniards in the South Pacific.

Spanish service

Файл:Atlas-heliche-callao-01.png

Map of the port of Callao during the 17th century, extracted from the Atlas del Marqués de Heliche

The Spaniards sailed the Dainty to the Pearl Islands and then to the port of Perico (west-northwest of Panama CityШаблон:Sfn), having a jubilant reception on 9 July.Шаблон:Sfn The guns and ammunition of the prize were priced at 78,000 pesos.Шаблон:Sfn The ship was paraded through the harbour like a war trophy, receiving the townspeople on board.Шаблон:Sfn For two months the ship was repaired there, and was then taken to Callao, in the Viceroyalty of Peru.Шаблон:Sfn It entered the service of the Spanish Navy with the name of Nuestra Señora de la Visitación (also called Visitación), in consideration of the religious holiday of the day it was captured.Шаблон:Sfn In addition to the new name, it was nicknamed La Inglesa.Шаблон:Sfn The ship remained in service in the Armada del Mar del Sur (English: South Sea Navy)Шаблон:Efn-ua until twenty-five years after its capture by the Spaniards.

During Viceroy Luis de Velasco's rule (1596–1604), it remained permanently enlisted since Dutch intruders entered the South PacificШаблон:Sfn between 1599 and 1600.Шаблон:Efn-ua In January 1600, he was sent with other ships to find the Dutch.Шаблон:Sfn By then, the ship was carried by a crew of 145 and was armed with 18 guns.Шаблон:Sfn In this period, the Visitación would have been the second capital ship of the Pacific squadron.Шаблон:Efn-ua Between 1602 and 1604, the Visitación underwent an important reconstruction in the shipyard of Guayaquil, which has led some historians to consider it as a completely new vessel.Шаблон:Sfn

By 1615, Visitación was in poor condition, as it already had several years of service. In the middle of that year, it stayed in Callao to protect the port, with 30 men and 12 guns, from the threat of the Dutch squadron under Joris van Spilbergen.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn-ua Shortly after, it set sail for Panama in a convoy, carrying money from the Royal Treasury and private sector, and to bring the new Viceroy of Peru, the Prince of Esquilache. In the government of Esquilache, the veteran Visitación was still in service despite its shortcomings when sailing close-hauled.Шаблон:Sfn Later, with the realization of the naval plans of Esquilache between 1617 and 1619, it was sold to finance the purchase of other warships.Шаблон:Sfn

See also

• List of early warships of the English navy
• List of galleons of Spain

References

• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book