Английская Википедия:Enos (chimpanzee)
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use American English Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox animal
Enos (born about 1957 – died November 4, 1962) was the second chimpanzee launched into space by NASA. He was the first and only chimpanzee to orbit the Earth, and the third hominid to do so after cosmonauts Yuri Gagarin and Gherman Titov. Enos's flight occurred on November 29, 1961.[1]
Enos was brought from the Miami Rare Bird Farm on April 3, 1960. He completed more than 1,250 training hours at the University of Kentucky and Holloman Air Force Base. Training was more intense for him than for his predecessor Ham, who had become the first great ape in space in January 1961, because Enos was exposed to weightlessness and higher gs for longer periods of time. His training included psychomotor instruction and aircraft flights.Шаблон:Cn
Enos was selected for his Project Mercury flight only three days before launch. Two months prior, NASA launched Mercury-Atlas 4 on September 13, 1961, to conduct an identical mission with a "crewman simulator" on board. Enos flew into space aboard Mercury-Atlas 5 on November 29, 1961. He completed his first orbit in 1 hour and 28.5 minutes.[2]
Enos was scheduled to complete three orbits, but the mission was aborted after two, due to two issues: capsule overheating and a malfunctioning "avoidance conditioning" test subjecting the primate to 76 electrical shocks. According to one history of primatology, "The chimpanzee, about five years old, behaved like a true hero: despite the malfunctions of the electronic system, he conscientiously performed all the tasks he had learned during the entire flight of over three hours...Enos demonstrated that he was careful to successfully complete his mission and that he perfectly understood what was expected of him."[3]
The capsule was brought aboard Шаблон:USS in the late afternoon and Enos was immediately taken below deck by his Air Force handlers. Stormes arrived in Bermuda the next day.Шаблон:Cn
Enos's flight was a full dress rehearsal for the next Mercury launch on February 20, 1962, which would make John Glenn the first American to orbit Earth, after astronauts Alan Shepard, Jr. and Gus Grissom's successful suborbital space flights.
On November 4, 1962, Enos died of shigellosis-related dysentery, which was resistant to then-known antibiotics. He was constantly observed for two months before his death. Pathologists reported no symptoms that could be attributed or related to his previous space flight.
See also
- Monkeys and apes in space
- Albert II, first monkey and first primate in space
- Little Joe 2 flight with Sam, Project Mercury rhesus monkey
- Animals in space
- List of individual apes
- One Small Step: The Story of the Space Chimps: (2008 documentary)
- Félicette: First cat in space
References
External links
- Enos the Chimpanzee travels to space on NASA's Mercury Atlas 5 1960, YouTube video
- "Voyage of space chimpanzee Enos ended in Bermuda" by Gail Westerfield
- Шаблон:Internet Archive film clip
- Шаблон:Internet Archive film clip
- One Small Step: The Story of the Space Chimps, documentary on history of chimpanzees used in space travel
- [1] Atlantic.com article about electrical shocks
- [2] MentalFloss.com on 54th anniversary of flight
Шаблон:Project Mercury Шаблон:Notable apes Шаблон:Apes
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Animals In Space: From Research Rockets to the Space Shuttle, Chris Dubbs and Colin Burgess, 2007
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
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