Английская Википедия:Ephenidine
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Drugbox
Ephenidine (also known as NEDPA and EPE) is a dissociative anesthetic that has been sold online as a designer drug.[1][2] It is illegal in some countries as a structural isomer of the banned opioid drug lefetamine, but has been sold in countries where it is not yet banned.[3][4]
Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics
Ephenidine and related diarylethylamines have been studied in vitro as treatments for neurotoxic injuries, and are antagonists of the NMDA receptor (Ki = 66.4 nM for ephenidine).[5][6][7][8][9] Ephenidine also possesses weaker affinity for dopamine and norepinephrine transporters (379 nM and 841 nM, respectively) as well as σ1R (629 nM) and σ2R (722 nM) binding sites.[10]
Pharmacokinetics
Metabolism
Ephenidine's metabolic pathway consists of N-oxidation, N-dealkylation, mono- and bis-hydroxylation of the benzyl ring, and hydroxylation of the phenyl ring only after N-dealkylation. The dihydroxy metabolites were conjugated by methylation of one hydroxy group, and hydroxy metabolites by glucuronidation or sulfation.[3][11]
Chemistry
Ephenidine reacts with reagent testing kits to give a semi-unique array of colors which can be used to aid its identification.
Reagent | Reaction color |
---|---|
Marquis | Orange > Brown |
Mandelin | Green |
Liebermann | Deep red > Brown (fast) |
Froehde | Light Yellow |
Society and culture
Sweden's public health agency suggested that ephenidine be classified as a hazardous substance on 1 June, 2015. Due to that suggestion, ephenidine became a scheduled substance, in Sweden, as of 18 August, 2015.[13]
In 2016, Canada added MT-45 and "its salts, derivatives, isomers and analogues" to the Schedule I controlled substance list, and explicitly included ephenidine.[14] Possession without legal authority can result in maximum 7 years imprisonment.
See also
- AD-1211
- βk-Ephenidine
- Diphenidine
- Fluorolintane
- Lanicemine
- Methoxphenidine (MXP)
- MT-45
- NPDPA
- Propylphenidine
- Remacemide
- UWA-001
References
Шаблон:Hallucinogens Шаблон:Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators Шаблон:Monoamine reuptake inhibitors Шаблон:Sigma receptor modulators
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- Английская Википедия
- Designer drugs
- Diarylethylamines
- Dissociative drugs
- Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors
- NMDA receptor antagonists
- Sigma receptor ligands
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