Английская Википедия:Epi tou eidikou
The Шаблон:Transl (Шаблон:Lang-gr), also known simply as the Шаблон:Transl, meaning 'Special Secretary', or, from the 11th century on, as the Шаблон:Transl, was an official of the Byzantine Empire who controlled the department known as Шаблон:Transl, a special treasury and storehouse.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn[1]Шаблон:Sfn
History and functions
The origin of the office is disputed: the department is first attested in the reign of Emperor Theophilos (r. 829–842), but some scholars (e.g. Rodolphe Guilland) derive the etymology of the Шаблон:Transl department from the word Шаблон:Transl, Шаблон:Lit., indicating a continuation of the Late Roman office of Шаблон:Lang.Шаблон:Sfn[1]Шаблон:Sfn This view is rejected by others, notably J. B. Bury, who see it as a wholly separate institution, juxtaposing the 'special' department of the Шаблон:Transl with the 'general' department or Шаблон:Transl, and consider it as originating in the military departments of the Late Roman praetorian prefectures.Шаблон:Sfn Ernst Stein, on the other hand, connected it to the word Шаблон:Transl (meaning 'ware'), and regarded the Шаблон:Transl as the treasury for revenue paid in kind rather than coin.[1]Шаблон:Sfn
The Шаблон:Transl fulfilled the dual function of imperial treasury and storehouse. As a treasury, it stored various precious materials such as silk or gold, and was responsible for the payment of the annual salaries (Шаблон:Transl) of officials of senatorial rank.[1] As a storehouse, the Шаблон:Transl controlled the state factories producing military equipment (the Late Roman Шаблон:Lang) and was responsible for supplying the necessary matériel for expeditions, ranging from weapons to "sails, ropes, hides, axes, wax, tin, lead, casks" for the fleet or even Arab clothing for imperial spies.[1]Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn For expeditions in which the emperor himself took part, the Шаблон:Transl accompanied the army at the head of his own baggage train of 46 pack-horses carrying everything "from shoes to candlesticks", as well as large sums of gold and silver coinage for the emperor's use.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
The department is still attested as late as 1081, but was probably abolished some time after; Rodolphe Guilland suggested that the Шаблон:Transl of the Шаблон:Transl ('household men') took over its functions (cf. Шаблон:Transl).[1]Шаблон:Sfn
Staff
As with all Byzantine department heads, the Шаблон:Transl had a number of subordinate officials:
- The Шаблон:Transl (Шаблон:Lang, 'imperial notaries'), as in all fiscal departments, usually of Шаблон:Transl rank or lower; a Шаблон:Transl ('first notary') is attested at their head in the Komnenian period (1081–1185).Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- The Шаблон:Transl (Шаблон:Lang, 'masters of the factories') and Шаблон:Transl (Шаблон:Lang ,'overseers/foremen of the factories'). As their name indicates, they supervised individual state factories for silk, jewelry, weapons, etc. They are well attested in seals from the 7th century on, and from the 9th century on they are frequently called Шаблон:Transl.Шаблон:Sfn[2]Шаблон:Sfn
- The Шаблон:Transl (Шаблон:Lang), palace servants.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
The seat of the Шаблон:Transl was in a special building within the Great Palace of Constantinople, which tradition ascribed to Constantine the Great (Шаблон:Reign). It was situated between the great halls of the Triconchos and the Lausiakos, near the imperial audience hall of the Chrysotriklinos.Шаблон:Sfn
References
Sources
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
- Шаблон:New Cambridge Medieval History
Шаблон:Byzantine Empire topics
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 Шаблон:Harvnb.
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb.
