Английская Википедия:Eran Elinav

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox person Eran Elinav (born 22 June 1969 in Jerusalem, Israel) is an Israeli immunologist[1] and microbiota researcher[2] at the Weizmann Institute of Science[3] and the DKFZ.[4]

He is an international scholar at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation[5] and a senior fellow of the Canadian Institute for Advance Research (CIFAR).[6]

Academic and medical career

Elinav earned a M.D. from the Hebrew University in Jerusalem in 1999. Following an internship and residency in internal medicine at the Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center in 2000–2004.

He served as a senior physician-scientist at the Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Institute of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease in 2005–2009.[2]

In 2009 Elinav earned a Ph.D. in immunology from the Weizmann Institute of Science, advised by Zelig Eshhar, after developing the Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T cell (CAR-Treg) approach,[7] as treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and autoimmunity. In 2009-2012 he followed by a post-doc at Yale University, advised by Richard Anthony Flavell, in which he discovered the NLRP6 inflammasome.[8]

In 2012 Elinav moved to the Weizmann Institute of Science and in 2016 was made a professor.[3] He heads the Institute of Microbiome research[9] and the Center of Host-Pathogen Interaction Research at the Weizmann Institute of Science and the Microbiome & Cancer Division at the DKFZ.[4] Since 2022, he heads the Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science.

Research

Elinav studies the molecular basis of host-microbiota interactions,[10] and their effects of diet,[11][12] environmental factors,[13] immune function[14] and host genetics[15] on the intestinal microbiome and associated multi-factorial metabolic,[16][17] inflammatory,[18] malignant[19] and neurogenerative disease.[20][21] His most-cited papers have more than 2,000 cites each.[22]

Elinav developed precision microbiota interventions, including Personalized Nutrition,[23][24] Precision Probiotics,[25] small molecule ″postbiotics″,[12] Phage Therapy,[26] [27] autologous fecal microbiome transplantation,[28][29] Vaginal Microbiome Transplantation (VMT) [30][31] and gut epithelial[32][33] interventions.

Personalized Nutrition

In 2014 Elinav discovered that people consuming identical foods and additives, such as non-nutritive sweeteners,[23][34] general foods[24] and bread,[35][36] feature a unique and personalized glycemic response, thereby potentially explaining the lack of uniform metabolic responses to generalized dietary approaches. [37]Personalized dietary recommendations,[38] based on individualized dietary, [39]clinical and microbiota data, improved pre-diabetes control.[24] He similarly showed, that consumption of probiotics[40] leads to a person-specific colonization resistance and physiological patterns.[41]

Nutritional timing and the Microbiota

Elinav discovered, that the gut microbiota features a compositional and functional diurnal activity during a 24-hour cycle, which is dictated by host and environmental factors, mainly by the timing in food consumption. [42][43] These microbiota diurnal activities are tightly coordinated with the host gastrointestinal and systemic circadian activity,[44] while disruption of circadian activity by jet-lag[45] or shift work may lead to alterations in the microbiota behavior, which contribute to the development of common metabolic,[43] immune[18] and liver diseases.[46][44]

Awards and recognition

Elinav was awarded the Rappaport prize for biomedical research in 2015,[47] the Levinson award for basic science research in 2016,[48] the Landau prize of Immunology in 2018[49] and was inducted to the American Academy of Microbiology in 2021.[50]

References

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ Elinav, E., Waks, T., and Eshhar, Z. 2008. Redirection of regulatory T cells with predetermined specificity for the treatment of experimental colitis in mice. Gastroenterology 134:2014-2024. Шаблон:PMID.
  8. ↑ Elinav, E., Strowig, T., Kau, A.L., Henao-Mejia, J., Thaiss, C.A., Booth, C.J., Peaper, D.R., Bertin, J., Eisenbarth, S.C., Gordon, J.I., Flavell, R.A. 2011. NLRP6 inflammasome regulates colonic microbial ecology and risk for colitis. Cell 145:745-757. Шаблон:PMID.
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 Thaiss CA, Itav S, Rothschild D, Meijer M, Levy M, Moresi C, Dohnalova L, Braverman S, Rozin S, Malitsky S, Dori-Bachash M, Kuperman Y, Biton I, Gertler A, Harmelin A, Shapiro H, Halpern Z, Aharoni A, Segal E, Elinav E. 2016. Persistent microbiome alterations modulate the rate of post-dieting weight regain. Nature, 540, 544-551. Шаблон:PMID.
  13. ↑ Koren T, Ze'evi D, Suez J, Weinberger A, Avnit-Sagi T, Pompan-Lotan M, Matot E, Jona G, Harmelin A, Cohen N, Sirota-Madi A, Thaiss CA, Pevsner-Fischer M, Sorek R, Xavier R, Elinav E (co-corresponding co-last author), Segal E. 2015. Growth dynamics of gut microbiota in health and disease inferred from single metagenomic samples. Science 349(6252):1101-6. Шаблон:PMID.
  14. ↑ Levy M, Thaiss CA, Ze'evi D, Dohnalova L, Zilberman-Schapira G, Ali Mahdi J, David E, Savidor A, Korem T, Herzig Y, Pevsner-Fischer M, Shapiro H, Christ A, Harmelin A, Halpern Z, Latz E, Flavell RA, Amit I, Segal E, Elinav E. 2015. Microbiota-modulated metabolites shape the  intestinal microenvironment by regulating NLRP6 inflammasome signaling. Cell, 163(6), 1428–1443. Шаблон:PMID.
  15. ↑ Rothschild D, Omer Weissbrod O, Barkan E, Kurilshikov A, Korem T, Zeevi D, Costea PI, Shilo S, Lador D, Godneva A, Kalka IA, Bar N, Vilq VA, ZmorA N, Pevsner-Fischer M, Israeli D, Kosower N, Malka G, Wolf BC, Avnit-Sagi T, Lotan-Pompan M, Weinberger A, Halpern Z, Carmi S, Fu J, Lifelines cohort study, Wijmenga C, Zhernakova A, Elinav E (co-corresponding last author), Eran Segal. 2018. Environmental factors dominate over host genetics in shaping human gut microbiota composition. Nature, 555(7695):210-15. Шаблон:PMID.
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  17. ↑ Henao-Mejia, J., Elinav, E. (first coauthor), Jin, C., Hao, L., Mehal, W.Z., Strowig, T., Thaiss, C.A., Kau, A.L., Eisenbarth, S.C., Jurczak, M.J., Camporez, J.P., Shulman, G.I., Gordon, J.I., Hoffman, H.M., Flavell, R.A. 2012. Inflammasome-mediated dysbiosis regulates progression of NAFLD and obesity. Nature 482:179-185. Шаблон:PMID
  18. ↑ 18,0 18,1 Tuganbaev T, Mor U, Bashiardes S, Liwinski T, Nobs SP, Leshem A, Dori-Bachash M, Pinker EY, Ratiner K, Adlung LK, Federici S, Kleimeyer C, Moresi C, Yamada T, Cohen Y, Massalha H, Massasa E, Kuperman Y, Koni PA, Harmelin A, Gao N, Itzkovitz S, Honda, Shapiro H, Elinav E. 2020. Diet diurnally regulates SI microbiome-epithelial-immune homeostasis and enteritis. Cell, Epub. Шаблон:PMID
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  21. ↑ Blacher E, Bashiardes S, Shapiro H, Rothschild D, Mor U, Dori-Bachash M, Kleimeyer C, Moresi C, Harnik Y, Zur M, Zabari M, Ben-Zeev Brik R, Kviatcovsky D, Zmora N, Cohen Y, Bar N, Levi Y, Amar N, Mehlman T, Brandis A, Biton I, Kuperman Y, Tsoory M, Alfahel L, Harmelin A, Schwartz M, Israelson A, Arike L, Johansson MEV, Hansson GC, Gotkine M, Segal E, Elinav E. 2019. Potential roles of gut microbiome & metabolites in modulation of murine ALS. Nature, 572(7770):474-80. Шаблон:PMID.
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  23. ↑ 23,0 23,1 Suez J, Korem T, Zeevi D, Zilberman-Schapira G, Thaiss CA, Maza O, Israeli D, Zmora N, Gilad S,  Weinberger A, Kuperman Y, Harmelin A, Kolodkin-Gal I, Shapiro H, Halpern Z, Segal E (last coauthor), Elinav E. 2014. Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the microbiotaШаблон:Dead linkШаблон:Cbignore, Nature 514(7521):181-6. Шаблон:PMID.
  24. ↑ 24,0 24,1 24,2 Ze'evy D, Korem T, Rothschild D, Weinberger A, Zmora N, Israeli D, Ben-Yacov O, Lador D, Avnit-Sagi T, Lotan-Pompan M, Suez J, Ali Mahdi, J, Matot E, Malka G, Kosower N, Rein M, Zilberman-Schapira G, Dohnalova L, Pevsner-Fischer M, Bikovsky R, Halpern Z, Elinav E (co-corresponding last co-author), Segal E. Personalized Nutrition for the Prediction of Glycemic Responses. Cell, 163(5):1079-1094. Шаблон:PMID.
  25. ↑ Veiga P, Suez J, Derrien M, Elinav E. 2020. Moving from probiotics to precision probiotics. Nature Microbiology, 5(7)-878-80. Шаблон:PMID
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  27. ↑ Sara Federici, Sharon Kredo-Russo, Rafael Valdés-Mas, Denise Kviatcovsky, Eyal Weinstock, Yulia Matiuhin, Yael Silberberg, Koji Atarashi, Munehiro Furuichi, Akihiko Oka, Bo Liu, Morine Fibelman, Iddo Nadav Weiner, Efrat Khabra, Nyssa Cullin, Noa Ben-Yishai, Dana Inbar, Hava Ben-David, Julian Nicenboim, Noga Kowalsman, Wolfgang Lieb, Edith Kario, Tal Cohen, Yael Friedman Geffen, Lior Zelcbuch, Ariel Cohen, Urania Rappo, Inbar Gahali-Sass, Myriam Golembo, Vered Lev, Mally Dori-Bachash, Hagit Shapiro, Claudia Moresi, Amanda Cuevas-Sierra, Gayatree Mohapatra, Lara Kern, Danping Zheng, Samuel Philip Nobs, Jotham Suez, Noa Stettner, Alon Harmelin, Naomi Zak, Sailaja Puttagunta, Merav Bassan, Kenya Honda, Harry Sokol, Corinna Bang, Andre Franke, Christoph Schramm, Nitsan Maharshak, Ryan Balfour Sartor, Rotem Sorek, Eran Elinav,Шаблон:Cite journal
  28. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  29. ↑ Suez J, Zmora N, Zilbrerman-Schapira G, Mor U, Dori-Bachash M, Bashiardes S, Zur M, Regev-LehavI D, Ben-Zeev Brik R, Federici S, Horn M, Cohen Y, Moor AE, Zeevy D, Korem T, Harmelin A, Itzkovitz S, Maharshak N, Shibolet O, Pevnser-Fishcher M, Shapiro H, Sharon I, Halpern Z, Segal E, Elinav E. 2018. Post-antibiotic gut mucosal microbiome reconstitution is impaired by probiotics and improved by autologous FMT. Cell, 174, 1406–1423. Шаблон:PMID.
  30. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  31. ↑ Lev-Sagie A, Goldman-Wohl D, Cohen Y, Dori-Bachash M, Leshem A, Mor U,  Strahilevitz J, Moses A, Shapiro H, Yagel S, Elinav E. 2019. Vaginal Microbiome Transplantation in women with intractable bacterial vaginosis. Nature Medicine, 25(10):1500–1504. Шаблон:PMID
  32. ↑ Thaiss CA, Levy M, Grosheva I, Zheng D, Soffer E, Blacher E, Braverman S, Tengeler A, Barak O, Elazar M, Ben-Zeev R, Lehavi-Regev D, Katz MN, Pevnser-Fischer M, Gertler A, Halpern Z, Harmelin A, Aamar S, Serradas P, Grosfeld A, Shapiro H, Geiger B, Elinav E. 2018. Hyperglycemia drives intestinal barrier dysfunction and risk of enteric infection. Science, 359(6382):1376-83. Шаблон:PMID.
  33. ↑ Grosheva I, Zheng D, Levy M, Polansky O, Lichtenstein A, Golani O, Dori-Bachash M, Moresi C, Shapiro H, Del Mare-Roumani S, Valdes-Mas R, He Y, Karbi H, Chen M, Harmelin A, Straussman R, Yissachar N, Elinav E (last co-corresponding coauthor), Geiger B. 2020. High-Throughput Screen Identifies Host and Microbiota Regulators of Intestinal Barrier Function. Gastroenterology, Epub. Шаблон:PMID
  34. ↑ Jotham Suez, Yotam Cohen, Rafael Valdés-Mas, Uria Mor, Mally Dori-Bachash, Sara Federici, Niv Zmora, Avner Leshem, Melina Heinemann, Raquel Linevsky, Maya Zur, Rotem Ben-Zeev Brik, Aurelie Bukimer, Shimrit Eliyahu-Miller, Alona Metz, Ruthy Fischbein, Olga Sharov, Sergey Malitsky, Maxim Itkin, Noa Stettner, Alon Harmelin, Hagit Shapiro, Christoph K. Stein-Thoeringer, Eran Segal, Eran Elinav | Personalized microbiome-driven effects of non-nutritive sweeteners on human glucose tolerance, Шаблон:Cite journal
  35. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  36. ↑ Korem T, Zeevi D, Zmora N, Weissbrod O, Bar N, Lotan-Pompan M, Avnit-Sagi T, Kosower N, Malka G, Rein M, Suez J, Goldberg B, Weinberger A, Levy AA, Elinav E (co-corresponding last co-author), Segal E. 2017. Bread affects clinical parameters and induces gut microbiome associated personal glycemic responses. Cell Metabolism, 25, 1243–1253. Шаблон:PMID.
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  40. ↑ Zmora N, Zilbrerman-Schapira G, Suez J, Mor U, Dori-Bachash M, Bashiardes S, Kotler E, Zur M, Regev-LehavI D, Ben-Zeev Brik R, Federici S, Cohen Y, Linevsky R, Rothschild D, Moor AE, Ben-Moshe S, Harmelin A, Itzkovitz S, Maharshak N, Shibolet O, Shapiro H, Pevnser-Fishcher M, Sharon I, Halpern Z, Segal E, Elinav E. 2018. Personalized gut mucosal colonization resistance to empiric probiotics is associated with unique host and microbiome features. Cell, 174, 1388–1405. Шаблон:PMID.
  41. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  42. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  43. ↑ 43,0 43,1 Thaiss CA, Ze'evi D, Levy M, Zilberman-Schapira G, Suez J, Tengeler AC, Abramson L, Katz MN, Korem T, Zmora N, Kuperman Y, Biton Y, Gilad S, Harmelin A, Shapiro H, Halpern Z, Segal E, Elinav E. 2014. Trans-kingdom control of microbiota diurnal oscillations promotes metabolic homeostasis. Cell 159(3):514-29. Шаблон:PMID.
  44. ↑ 44,0 44,1 Thaiss CA, Levy M, Korem T, Zweevi D, Jaitin DA, David E, Dohnalova L, Meijer M, Kartvelishvily E, Pevsner-Fischer M, Gatt ME, Harmelin A, Halpern Z, Amit I, Segal E, Elinav E. 2016. Microbiota diurnal rhythmicity program host trascriptome oscillations. Cell, 167, 1495–1510. Шаблон:PMID.
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  48. ↑ Awards And Honors | Scientific Council Prizes- 2016, Weizmann Institute of Science
  49. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  50. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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