Английская Википедия:Ergun City
Шаблон:Infobox settlement Шаблон:Infobox Chinese Ergun (Шаблон:Zh; Шаблон:Lang-mn), formerly Ergun Right Banner (Шаблон:Zh), is a county-level city in Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia, containing the autonomous region's northernmost point. The city has an area of Шаблон:Convert,[1] and a population of 79,155 as of the 2019.[2]Шаблон:Rp
History
For most of its history, the region of present-day Ergun has not been controlled by Chinese states.[3] The area first came under Chinese control during the Qing dynasty, when it was administered as part of Hulunbuir.[3]
In 1908, the Jilalin Administrative Bureau (Шаблон:Lang-zh) was established to govern the area.[3]
In 1920, the area was re-organized as the Qiqan Administrative Bureau (Шаблон:Lang-zh), but the area was re-organized again in 1921 as Qiqan County (Шаблон:Lang-zh).[3]
In 1933, the area was re-organized as Ergun Right Banner (Шаблон:Lang-zh).[3] From 1948 to 1966, Ergun Right Banner was merged with Шаблон:Interlanguage link, which occupied present-day Genhe, as Ergun Left Banner.[3] In 1994, Ergun Right Banner was abolished and the county-level city of Ergun was established.[3]
21st century
By 2000, the city administered five towns, one township, and two ethnic townships.[3] In 2001, the city was restructured to administer one subdistrict, two towns, one township, and two ethnic townships.[3]
In 2006, Xincheng Subdistrict (Шаблон:Lang-zh) was renamed to Шаблон:Interlanguage link, and Shangkuli Township (Шаблон:Lang-zh) was upgraded to Шаблон:Interlanguage link.[3]
In 2011, Shiwei Russian Ethnic Township (Шаблон:Lang-zh) was abolished and Enhe Russian Ethnic Township and Mengwu Shiwei Sum were established.[3] Шаблон:Interlanguage link was also established.[3]
In 2013, Шаблон:Interlanguage link was established.[3]
Geography
Administratively, Ergun is part of the prefecture-level city of Hulunbuir, and spans 11.4% of Hulunbuir's area.[1][4] It occupies Шаблон:Convert, bounded to the north and west by the Argun River, which forms China's border with Russia's Zabaykalsky Krai (formerly, Chita Oblast).[1][5] The city's border with Russia spans Шаблон:Convert.[1] Ergun is also bordered by Genhe to the east, and the county-level city of Mohe in Heilongjiang to the northeast.[1]
The city stands at the foothills of the Greater Khingan Mountains.[1] 73.4% of the city's area is forested, with much of it being virgin forests.[1][4] 17% of the city's area is natural grassland, particularly in the city's south, and 6% is cultivated.[1]
Apart from the Argun River, major rivers in the city include the Шаблон:Interlanguage link, the Шаблон:Interlanguage link, the Шаблон:Interlanguage link, the Шаблон:Interlanguage link, the Шаблон:Interlanguage link, and the Шаблон:Interlanguage link, all of which are tributaries of the Argun River.[1]
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Jiqian (labelled as Ch'i-kan Шаблон:Lang) (1951)
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Map including part of Ergun (AMS, 1951)
Ergun Wetlands
The city hosts Ergun Wetlands (formerly known as the Genhe Wetlands), a plain delta formed by the Argun River, the Шаблон:Interlanguage link, the Шаблон:Interlanguage link, and the Шаблон:Interlanguage link.Шаблон:Citation needed The Ergun Wetlands is one of the largest wetlands in Asia, lying about 3 km to the west of Шаблон:Interlanguage link, Ergun's urban area and seat of government.Шаблон:Citation needed
After the end of September the wetlands wither and turn dark.[6] A panoramic view of the wetlands is afforded from a tourist scenic view overlooking the area from a hill 720 meters above sea level.[7]
The encroachment of urban development has made preservation of the wetland difficult but were bolstered by a wetland protection law in 2012.[8]
Climate
The city experiences an average annual temperature of Шаблон:Convert, and an average annual precipitation of Шаблон:Convert.[1]
Administrative divisions
Ergun is divided into 2 subdistricts, 3 towns, 1 township, 2 ethnic townships and 1 sum.[9] The city's seat of government is located in Шаблон:Interlanguage link.[1][10]
Demographics
Ergun is one of the least populated county-level divisions of Inner Mongolia, with a population of 79,155 as of 2019, making it the 87th most populated of the autonomous region's 103 divisions.[2]Шаблон:Rp This figure reflects a 1.0% decline from the 2018 population of 79,942.[2]Шаблон:Rp[11] As of 2010, Ergun had a population of 76,667.[3]
Ethnicity
| Ethnic group | 2000[3] | 2006[12] | 2018[11] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | Percentage | Number | Percentage | Number | Percentage | |
| Han Chinese | 62,224 | 77.43% | 64,591 | 75.84% | 58,778 | 73.53% |
| Mongol | 4,839 | 6.02% | 7,294 | 8.56% | 7,897 | 9.88% |
| Hui | 6,616 | 8.23% | N/A | N/A | 6,583 | 8.23% |
| Russian | 2,713 | 3.38% | 2,468 | 2.90% | 2,613 | 3.27% |
| Manchu | 2,713 | 3.38% | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Daur | 763 | 0.95% | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Korean | 182 | 0.23% | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Evenk | 156 | 0.19% | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Oroqen | 63 | 0.08% | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Miao | 55 | 0.07% | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Tujia | 29 | 0.04% | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Sibe | 3 | <0.01% | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Yi | 2 | <0.01% | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Other | 0 | 0.00% | 10,809 | 12.69% | 4,071 | 5.09% |
| Total | 80,358 | 100.00% | 85,162 | 100.00% | 79,942 | 100.00% |
In Ergun's towns and villages along the Argun River are thousands of descendants of intermarriages between Han Chinese men and Russian women.[13] This Russian descended population forms a large portion of the total number of Russians in China. One of these locations is Enhe Russian Ethnic Township, the sole official ethnic Russian township.[13]
Economy
Ergun's gross domestic product was ¥4.059 billion as of 2019,[2]Шаблон:Rp[14] and ¥4.519 billion as of 2018.[11] As of 2018, 42.1% of the city's gross domestic product came from its primary sector, 11.1% came from its secondary sector, and 46.8% came from its tertiary sector.[11] The city's public budget revenue in 2019 was ¥150.55 million, ranking 91st out of Inner Mongolia's 103 county-level divisions.[2]Шаблон:Rp Its consumer retail sales totaled ¥1.826 billion, and its foreign trade totaled 56.32 million USD.[11]
| Sector | 2018[11] | 2019[2]Шаблон:Rp | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (RMB) | Percent of whole | Total (RMB) | Percent of whole | |
| Primary | 1.902 billion | 42.09% | 1.70576 billion | 42.02% |
| Secondary | 0.502 billion | 11.11% | 0.45242 billion | 11.14% |
| Tertiary | 2.115 billion | 46.80% | 1.90133 billion | 46.84% |
| Total | 4.519 billion | 100.00% | 4.05951 billion | 100.00% |
The average household disposable income of Ergun's residents totaled ¥30,371 in 2019, a 7.8% increase from the ¥28,173 reported in 2018.[2]Шаблон:Rp[11] For urban households, this number stood at ¥30,953 in 2019,[2]Шаблон:Rp a 7.0% increase from the ¥28,928 reported in 2018,[2]Шаблон:Rp[11] which ranked 75th of the 101 county-level divisions in Inner Mongolia for which this statistic was reported.[2]Шаблон:Rp Rural households in Ergun average ¥28,470 in disposable income as of 2019,[2]Шаблон:Rp a 10.0% increase from 2018,[2]Шаблон:Rp which ranked the 3rd highest of the 90 county-level divisions in Inner Mongolia which reported this statistic.[2]Шаблон:Rp
As of 2019, there are 99,140 mobile telephone subscriptions in Ergun (1.25 per capita), and 28,962 internet subscriptions (0.37 per capita).[2]Шаблон:Rp
Mineral deposits in Ergun include coal, gold, lead, zinc, iron, tungsten, copper, and fluorite.[1]
Agriculture
The total value of Ergun's agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and aquaculture industry as of 2018 was ¥3.072 billion.[11]
In 2019, Ergun produced 263,482 tons of grain, the 37th most of the 96 county-level divisions of Inner Mongolia which reported this statistic.[2]Шаблон:Rp The city produced 9,255 tons of meat the same year, ranking 74th of Inner Mongolia's 103 county-level divisions.[2]Шаблон:Rp
Tourism
Ergun has a significant tourism industry, attracting 5.733 million tourists in 2019 alone.[14]
The Ergun Wetland Scenic Area (Шаблон:Lang-zh) is designated as a AAAA Tourist Attraction.[4]
Enhe Russian Ethnic Township has become a major tourist destination in recent years, attracting about 500,000 tourists in 2017 alone.[15] Much of the town's tourism is derived from its small rural character, as well as its unique intersection of Russian and Chinese culture.[15] Due to the cold climate of the region, most of the ethnic township's tourism takes place in summer months.[15]
Ergun also hosts the ancient ruins of the city of Heishantou and portions of the Шаблон:Interlanguage link.[1]
Education
As of 2019, the city has 10 primary schools and 5 secondary schools.[2]Шаблон:Rp
Secondary schools include:[16]
- Ergun City No. 2 Secondary School (额尔古纳市第二中学)
- Ergun City No. 3 Secondary School (额尔古纳市第三中学)
- Ergun City Moridaga Secondary School (额尔古纳市莫尔道嘎中学)
- Ergun City Sanhe Secondary School (额尔古纳市三河中学)
Primary schools include:[16]
- Ergun City No. 1 Primary School (额尔古纳市第一小学)
- Ergun City No. 2 Primary School (额尔古纳市第二小学)
- Ergun City No. 3 Primary School (额尔古纳市第三小学)
- Ergun City Enhe Primary School (额尔古纳市恩和小学)
- Ergun City Heishantou Primary School (额尔古纳市黑山头小学)
- Ergun City Moridaga Primary School 1 (额尔古纳市莫尔道嘎一小)
- Ergun City Sanhe Primary School (额尔古纳市三河小学)
- Ergun City Shangkuli Primary School (额尔古纳市上库力小学)
- Ergun City Shiwei Primary School (额尔古纳市室韦小学)
- Ergun City Suqin Primary School (额尔古纳市苏沁小学)
Healthcare
As of 2019, Ergun's medical institutions have 414 beds, and are staffed by 597 personnel.[2]Шаблон:Rp
Transportation
Ergun hosts Шаблон:Convert of highway as of 2019.[2]Шаблон:Rp Inner Mongolia Provincial Highway 201 and Inner Mongolia Provincial Highway 301 both run through Ergun.[1]
Ergun has two international border crossings: one in Shiwei, and another in Шаблон:Interlanguage link.[5]
References
Шаблон:County-level divisions of Inner Mongolia
- ↑ 1,00 1,01 1,02 1,03 1,04 1,05 1,06 1,07 1,08 1,09 1,10 1,11 1,12 1,13 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 2,00 2,01 2,02 2,03 2,04 2,05 2,06 2,07 2,08 2,09 2,10 2,11 2,12 2,13 2,14 2,15 2,16 2,17 2,18 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 3,00 3,01 3,02 3,03 3,04 3,05 3,06 3,07 3,08 3,09 3,10 3,11 3,12 3,13 3,14 3,15 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 11,0 11,1 11,2 11,3 11,4 11,5 11,6 11,7 11,8 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite webШаблон:Dead link
- ↑ 13,0 13,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 14,0 14,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 15,0 15,1 15,2 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 16,0 16,1 Шаблон:Cite web
