Английская Википедия:Erhalt uns, Herr, bei deinem Wort, BWV 126

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Good article Шаблон:Infobox Bach composition Шаблон:Lang (Sustain us, Lord with your word),Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:AbbrШаблон:Nbsp126, is a cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach for use in a Lutheran service. He composed the chorale cantata in 1725 in Leipzig for the Sunday Sexagesimae, the second Sunday before Lent, and first performed it on 4 February 1725. It is based on the hymn "Шаблон:Lang" by Martin Luther, published in 1542. The hymn text at Bach's time also included two stanzas by Justus Jonas and Luther's "Verleih uns Frieden gnädiglich".

An unknown librettist retained four of these seven combined stanzas, using the first and the two last unchanged as customary, and expanding the third by adding text for a recitative. He paraphrased the other stanzas for two arias and another recitative. Bach structured the cantata in six movements and scored it for three vocal soloists, a four-part choir and a Baroque instrumental ensemble of trumpet, oboe, strings and continuo. The first movement is a chorale fantasia dominated by the trumpet. In the unusual third movement, Bach has an alto and a tenor voice alternate for the recitative, while they sing the lines from the third hymn stanza in a duet. The fourth movement is a dramatic bass aria, accompanied by a restless continuo. Due to the compiled hymns, the melody of the closing two stanzas is different from the one used in movements 1 and 3. Шаблон:TOC limit

History and words

Bach held the position of Thomaskantor (director of church music) in Leipzig from 1723. During his first year, beginning with the first Sunday after Trinity, he wrote a cycle of cantatas for the occasions of the liturgical year. In his second year he composed a second annual cycle of cantatas, which was planned to consist exclusively of chorale cantatas, each based on one Lutheran hymn.Шаблон:Sfn

Файл:Teachings of Jesus 2 of 40. parable of the sower. Jan Luyken etching. Bowyer Bible.gif
Parable of the Sower, the topic of the prescribed gospel, etching by Jan Luyken

As part of this cycle, Bach composed Erhalt uns, Herr, bei deinem Wort for Sexagesima, the second Sunday before Lent. The prescribed readings for the Sunday were taken from the Second Epistle to the Corinthians, "God's power is mighty in the weak" (Шаблон:Sourcetext), and from the Gospel of Luke, the parable of the Sower (Шаблон:Sourcetext).Шаблон:Sfn The cantata is based on the hymn "Шаблон:Lang" by Martin Luther.Шаблон:Sfn At Bach's time, it included the three stanzas of Luther's chorale, followed by two stanzas of Justus Jonas, Luther's German version of Шаблон:Lang (Give peace, Lord, 1531), and a second stanza to it, paraphrasing Шаблон:Sourcetext (1566).Шаблон:Sfn

The result are seven stanzas:

  1. Шаблон:Lang
  2. Шаблон:Lang
  3. Шаблон:Lang
  4. Шаблон:Lang
  5. Шаблон:Lang
  6. Шаблон:Lang
  7. Шаблон:Lang

A line in the epistle, "For the word of God is quick and powerful, and sharper than any two-edged sword" (Шаблон:Sourcetext), possibly prompted the choice of the hymn.Шаблон:Sfn The unknown poet of the cantata text kept stanzas 1, 3, 6 and 7 unchanged, expanding 3 by recitative, and reworded 2, 4 and 5 for the respective movements of the cantata. The topic of the gospel is God's word, as Jesus explains in verse 11, "Now the parable is this: The seed is the word of God.", which is mentioned in the first line of the hymn, "bei deinem Wort" (close to your word). Instead of relating closely to the parable, the poet concentrates on a general request to God: to keep his people faithful to his word, to protect them from enemies and to provide peace.Шаблон:Sfn

Bach first performed the cantata on 4 February 1725,Шаблон:Sfn only two days after the cantata Шаблон:Lang, for the Purification of Mary on 2 February.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The autograph of the cantata is lost, but the parts which Bach used are extant.Шаблон:Sfn The cantata is the third-to-last chorale cantata in Bach's second cantata cycle.Шаблон:Sfn

Music

Structure and scoring

Bach structured the cantata in six movements. In the typical format of Bach's chorale cantatas, the first and last movement on the first and stanza of the hymn are set for choir, as a chorale fantasia and a closing chorale. They frame alternating arias and recitatives with the librettist's text. Bach scored the work for three vocal soloists (alto (A), tenor (T) and bass (B)), a four-part choir, and a Baroque instrumental ensemble: trumpet (Tr), two oboes (Ob), two violins (Vl), viola (Va), and basso continuo (Bc).Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The duration of the piece has been stated as 22 minutes.Шаблон:Sfn

In the following table of the movements, the scoring follows the Neue Bach-Ausgabe.Шаблон:Sfn The keys and time signatures are taken from Alfred Dürr, using the symbol for common time (4/4).Шаблон:Sfn The instruments are shown separately for winds and strings, while the continuo, playing throughout, is not shown.

Шаблон:Classical movement rowШаблон:Classical movement rowШаблон:Classical movement rowШаблон:Classical movement rowШаблон:Classical movement rowШаблон:Classical movement row
Movements of Erhalt uns, Herr, bei deinem Wort
No. Title Text Type Vocal Winds Strings Key Time

Movements

1

The opening chorus, "Шаблон:Lang" (Sustain us, Lord with your word,),Шаблон:Sfn is a chorale fantasia. A characteristic feature of the instrumental concerto is a four-note trumpet signal, which is derived from the beginning of the chorale melody, as if to repeat the words "Шаблон:Lang" (Sustain us, Lord) again and again.Шаблон:Sfn The motif consists of the three notes of the A minor chord in the sequence A C A E, with the higher notes on the stressed syllables, the highest one on "Herr". The cantus firmus of the choraleШаблон:Sfn is sung by the soprano, while the other voices sing in imitation, embedded in the independent concerto of the orchestra.Шаблон:Sfn The Bach scholar Christoph Wolff notes that the trumpet fanfare "underlines the combative, dogmatic character of this late devotional song of Luther's".Шаблон:Sfn

2

The first aria, sung by the tenor, "Шаблон:Lang" (Send Your power from above),Шаблон:Sfn is a prayer, intensified by two oboes. In the middle section the words "Шаблон:Lang" (delight) and "Шаблон:Lang" (scatter) are illustrated by runs in the voice.Шаблон:Sfn

3

Movement 3 presents two text elements interwoven, the recitative "Шаблон:Lang" (The wish and will of mankind are of little use),Шаблон:Sfn and the interspersed four lines of the hymn's third stanza, "Шаблон:Lang" (God, Holy Spirit, worthy Comforter).Шаблон:Sfn The recitative lines are sung by alternating voices alto and tenor, while the interspersed chorale lines are rendered by both voices in duet. In this duet, the voice that enters sings the embellished hymn tune, while the other accompanies.Шаблон:Sfn

4

The second aria, "Шаблон:Lang" (Hurl to the ground the pompous proud!),Шаблон:Sfn is dramatic, especially in the restless continuo. John Eliot Gardiner quotes William G. Whittaker: Bach’s "righteous indignation at the enemies of his faith was never expressed more fiercely than in this aria".Шаблон:Sfn The Bach scholar Alfred Dürr describes the movement as an "aria of genuinely baroque dramatic force", expressing "Old Testament zeal".Шаблон:Sfn

5

A tenor recitative, "Шаблон:Lang" (Thus Your word and truth will be revealed),Шаблон:Sfn changes the topic and leads to peace, implored in the final movement.Шаблон:Sfn

6

Movement 6 combines the two stanzas from different chorales, Luther's "Шаблон:Lang" (Grant us peace graciously),Шаблон:Sfn and Walter's "Шаблон:Lang" (Give our rulers and all lawgivers peace and good government),Шаблон:Sfn in a four-part setting.Шаблон:Sfn These two stanzas have a different melody.Шаблон:Sfn

Recordings

The selection is taken from the listing on the Bach-Cantatas website.Шаблон:Sfn Instrumental groups playing period instruments in historically informed performances are highlighted green under the header "Шаблон:Abbr".

Шаблон:Cantata discography rowШаблон:Cantata discography rowШаблон:Cantata discography rowШаблон:Cantata discography rowШаблон:Cantata discography rowШаблон:Cantata discography rowШаблон:Cantata discography rowШаблон:Cantata discography row
Recordings of Erhalt uns, Herr, bei deinem Wort
Title Conductor / Choir / Orchestra Soloists Label Year Instr.

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Scores

Books

Online sources

External links

Шаблон:Church cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach Шаблон:Bach cantatas Шаблон:Authority control

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