Английская Википедия:Erich Hohagen

Erich Hohagen (9 January 1915 – 8 March 1990) was a German general in the Bundeswehr. During World War II, he served as a fighter pilot in the Luftwaffe. A fighter ace, Hohagen was credited with 56 aerial victories and was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, the highest award in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II.

Career

Hohagen claimed his first aerial victory, a Royal Air Force (RAF) Supermarine Spitfire over Southern England, on 5 July 1940. On 20 February 1941, Hohagen was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 4. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 (JG 51—51st Fighter Wing). He succeeded Oberleutnant Josef Fözö who was promoted to command II. Gruppe of JG 51.Шаблон:Sfn

Operation Barbarossa

II. Gruppe of JG 51 was withdrawn from the English Channel in early June 1941 and ordered to Dortmund where the unit was reequipped with the Messerschmitt Bf 109 F series. On 10 June, II. Gruppe began transferring east and was located at Siedlce. On 22 June, German forces launched Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union.Шаблон:Sfn JG 51, under the command of Oberstleutnant Werner Mölders, was subordinated to II. Fliegerkorps (2nd Air Corps), which as part of Luftflotte 2 (Air Fleet 2). JG 51 area of operation during Operation Barbarossa was over the right flank of Army Group Center in the combat area of the 2nd Panzer Group as well as the 4th Army.Шаблон:Sfn

On the first day of the invasion, Hohagen shot down three Soviet SB-2 bombers in the space of five minutes. In August, he was given command of II. Gruppe after its former acting commander Hauptmann Hubertus von Bonin was wounded on 8 August.Шаблон:Sfn On 4 September, Hohagen was shot down in his Messerschmitt Bf 109 F-2 (Werknummer 9211—factory number) by Soviet fighters near Bryansk.Шаблон:Sfn Wounded, he transferred command of II. Gruppe to Oberleutnant Hartmann Grasser.Шаблон:Sfn Hohagen received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Шаблон:Lang) on 5 October 1941, after 30 victories.

In January 1943, Hohagen was posted to Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" (JG 2—2nd Fighter Wing), taking command of its 2. Staffel. The Staffel was subordinated to III. Gruppe of JG 2 headed by Hauptmann Egon Mayer.Шаблон:Sfn On 7 April, Hohagen was transferred to Jagdgeschwader 27 (JG 27—27th Fighter Wing) where he was appointed Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of I. Gruppe. He succeeded Hauptmann Hans-Joachim Heinecke who temporarily led the Gruppe after Hauptmann Heinrich Setz had been killed in action on 13 March.Шаблон:Sfn On 1 June, Hohagen became a victim of friendly fire when he was shot down in his Bf 109 G-6 (Werknummer 16391) Шаблон:Convert north of Marquise, a village approximately Шаблон:Convert north-northeast of Boulogne-sur-Mer. He successfully bailed out, taking to his parachute, but was injured in the incident.Шаблон:Sfn The pilot that shot him down was Hauptmann Wilhelm Steinmann, also from JG 27, who misidentified Hohagen's Bf 109 for a Spitfire fighter.Шаблон:Sfn Due to his injuries, Hohagen was temporarily replaced by Hauptmann Hans Remmer before Hauptmann Ludwig Franzisket officially took command of I. Gruppe of JG 27 on 15 July.Шаблон:Sfn

Hohagen was appointed Gruppenkommandeur of I. Gruppe of JG 2 in August 1943. He replaced Major Helmut-Felix Bolz who was transferred.Шаблон:Sfn On 16 September 1943, Hohagen, was piloting an Focke-Wulf Fw 190 A-6 fighter (Werknummer 550532) when his aircraft was hit by the defensive fire of a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bomber. Hohagen was again wounded and made a forced landing near Rennes, France.Шаблон:Sfn On 28 September 1944, Hohagen was severely injured, sustaining a skull fracture,Шаблон:Sfn when the engine of his Fw 190 A-8 (Werknummer 171559) failed, resulting in a forced landing near the airfield at Merzhausen.Шаблон:Sfn He was succeeded by Major Walter Matoni as commander of I. Gruppe.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn

Flying the Messerschmitt Me 262

In late 1944, Hohagen was posted to III. Gruppe of Ergänzungs-Jagdgeschwader 2 (EJG 2—2nd Supplementary Training Wing), a training unit based at Lechfeld Airfiled. There, he learned to fly the new Messerschmitt Me 262 jet aircraft.Шаблон:Sfn He was then posted to Jagdgeschwader 7 "Nowotny" (JG 7—7th Fighter Wing) "Nowotny", the first operational jet fighter wing which was named after Walter Nowotny. Kommando Nowotny had been assessing the Me 262 under operational conditions. Nowotny himself was killed in action while flying the Me 262 on 8 November.Шаблон:Sfn On 12 November, the Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (OKL—Air Force High Command) ordered JG 7 to be equipped with the Me 262 and Oberst Johannes Steinhoff became its first Geschwaderkommodore (wing commander).Шаблон:Sfn On 19 November, the remnants of Kommando Nowotny became the nucleus of III. Gruppe of JG 7.Шаблон:Sfn Placed under the command of Hohagen, III. Gruppe began assembling aircraft and personnel at Lechfeld Air Field.Шаблон:Sfn In the latter months of 1944 Hohagen helped to convert pilots to the new jets. On 21 January, Steinhoff was replaced by Major Theodor Weissenberger as Geschwaderkommodore of JG 7,Шаблон:Sfn while Hohagen was replaced by Major Rudolf Sinner as Gruppenkommandeur of III. Gruppe.Шаблон:Sfn

Файл:Bundesarchiv Bild 141-2497, Flugzeug Me 262A auf Flugplatz.jpg

Me 262 A, circa 1944

On 24 February 1945, Generalleutnant Adolf Galland and Steinhoff recruited Hohagen and Major Karl-Heinz Schnell from hospital to join the new Jagdverband 44 (JV 44—44th Fighter Detachment) forming at Brandenburg-Briest.Шаблон:Sfn Galland had received permission to create and staff the unorthodox fighter group from Luftwaffe Chief, Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring. JV 44 received its first Me 262 aircraft by 14 March.Шаблон:Sfn On 31 March, JV 44 moved to Munich-Riem Airfield.Шаблон:Sfn

Hohagen became the Technical Officer for JV 44 and assisted with the conversion of newly arriving pilots to the Me 262. The unit transferred to München-Riem on 31 March 1945. He served as JV 44's Technical Officer until the crash of Steinhoff on 18 April 1945, and Hohagen replaced the injured Steinhoff as the unit's Einsatzchef (Operations Chief).Шаблон:Sfn

On 28 April, moved to JV 44 Maxglan Airfiel, near Salzburg.Шаблон:Sfn There they surrendered to U.S. forces on 4 May. Hohagen and other pilots were taken to a makeshift prisoner of war camp near Bad Aibling.Шаблон:Sfn Five days later, a U.S. officer was looking for JV 44 pilots and Hohagen, Schnell, Gerhard Barkhorn, Walter Krupinski, and Waldemar Wübke stepped up.Шаблон:Sfn

Later life and service

Following World War II, Hohagen joined the newly created German Air Force, at the time referred to as the Bundesluftwaffe. On 30 March 1957, he was given command of 2. Шаблон:Lang (2nd training squadron) of Шаблон:Lang (FFS S—Pilot Training School "S") at Memmingen Air Field. He led this training unit until 31 March 1958.Шаблон:Sfn From November 1959 to October 1961, he commanded Jagdgeschwader 72 as Geschwaderkommodore, a unit which in October 1964 became Jagdbombergeschwader 43 (JaboG 43—43rd Fighter Bomber Wing). He was succeeded by Oberstleutnant Friedrich Obleser in this capacity.Шаблон:Sfn On 16 February 1963, Hohagen replaced Oberst Herbert Wehnelt as commander of the Шаблон:Lang (WaSLw 10—Air Force Weapons School 10). He served in the role until 15 August 1967 when he was succeeded by Oberst Ulrich Pieper.Шаблон:Sfn In April 1968, Hohagen was promoted to Brigadegeneral (brigadier general).Шаблон:Sfn Until 30 September 1971, he served as department chief of Шаблон:Lang (Armaments and Weapon Systems) in the Шаблон:Lang (German Air Staff ).Шаблон:Sfn He died on 8 March 1990 in Jever.Шаблон:Sfn

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Hohagen was credited with 56 aerial victories.Шаблон:Sfn Obermaier also lists him with 56 aerial victories claimed in over 500 combat missions. This figure includes 20 claims on the Eastern Front, and 36 on the Western Front, 13 of them being four-engined bombers and one while flying the Me 262 jet fighter.Шаблон:Sfn Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and state that he claimed at least 49 aerial victories, plus two further unconfirmed claims. This number includes 20 on the Eastern Front and more than 29 on the Western Front, including at least eight four-engined bombers.Шаблон:Sfn

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 14 West 3884". The Luftwaffe grid map (Шаблон:Lang) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about Шаблон:Convert. These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area Шаблон:Convert in size.Шаблон:Sfn

Chronicle of aerial victories
Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend
Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location	Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location
– 4. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 –Шаблон:Sfn Action at the Channel and over England — 26 June 1940 – 7 June 1941
1?Шаблон:Refn	5 July 1940	Шаблон:Center	Spitfire	north of Hythe Шаблон:Sfn	7	29 October 1940	17:55	Spitfire	south of London Шаблон:Sfn
2	9 July 1940	21:45	Spitfire	northeast of Dover Шаблон:Sfn	8	5 November 1940	16:00	Spitfire	north of LondonШаблон:Sfn
3?^{[Note 1]}	10 July 1940	Шаблон:Center	Spitfire	east of Ramsgate Шаблон:Sfn	9	5 November 1940	16:03	Spitfire	north of LondonШаблон:Sfn
4	31 July 1940	16:58	Spitfire	west of DoverШаблон:Sfn	10	1 December 1940	12:20	Hurricane	west of LondonШаблон:Sfn
5	16 August 1940	13:22	Spitfire	Herne Bay Шаблон:Sfn	11	21 May 1941	17:55	Hurricane	Шаблон:Convert northwest of Dunkirk Шаблон:Sfn
6	26 August 1940	13:16	Spitfire	Canterbury Шаблон:Sfn
– 4. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 –Шаблон:Sfn Operation Barbarossa — 22 June – August 1941
12	22 June 1941	09:32	SB-2 Шаблон:Sfn		20	12 July 1941	07:55	Pe-2 Шаблон:Sfn
13	22 June 1941	09:35	SB-2Шаблон:Sfn		21	13 July 1941	10:05	DB-3 Шаблон:Sfn
14	22 June 1941	09:37	SB-2Шаблон:Sfn		22	13 July 1941	10:20	I-16 Шаблон:Sfn
15	25 June 1941	18:07	SB-2Шаблон:Sfn		23	24 July 1941	11:17	V-11 (Il-2)Шаблон:Sfn
16	29 June 1941	18:10	SB-2?Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Refn		24	26 July 1941	19:01	I-18 (MiG-1)Шаблон:Sfn
17	30 June 1941	16:15	R-10 (Seversky)Шаблон:Sfn		25	30 July 1941	16:35	I-61 (MiG-3)Шаблон:Sfn
18	2 July 1941	16:47	I-16Шаблон:Sfn		26	11 August 1941	14:46	I-61 (MiG-3)Шаблон:Sfn
19	9 July 1941	19:35	V-11?Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Refn
– Stab II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 51 –Шаблон:Sfn Operation Barbarossa — August – 4 September 1941
27	18 August 1941	08:05	I-61?Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Refn		30	2 September 1941	06:35	V-11 (Il-2)	Шаблон:Convert south of SechtschinskajaШаблон:Sfn
28	22 August 1941	07:30	I-61 (MiG-3)Шаблон:Sfn		31	2 September 1941	06:40	V-11 (Il-2)	Шаблон:Convert southeast of SechtschinskajaШаблон:Sfn
29	25 August 1941	12:50	SB-3	south of Gomel Шаблон:Sfn
– 7. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" –Шаблон:Sfn Western Front — 1 January – 7 April 1943
32	3 January 1943	11:37	B-17	PQ 14 West 3884Шаблон:Sfn	35	13 February 1943	09:55	Spitfire	north of Boulogne Шаблон:Sfn
33	23 January 1943	13:48	B-17	PQ 14 West 4826Шаблон:Sfn	36	15 February 1943	16:04	B-24	Шаблон:Convert east of DoverШаблон:Sfn
34?Шаблон:Refn	23 January 1943	14:08	B-17	PQ 14 West 4967Шаблон:Sfn	37Шаблон:Refn	21 April 1943	12:19	Ventura	Шаблон:Convert west of Baie de Somme Шаблон:Sfn
– Stab I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 27 –Шаблон:Sfn Western Front — 7 April – 1 June 1943
Шаблон:Center?Шаблон:Refn	13 May 1943	16:20	B-17&	south of Abbeville Шаблон:Sfn	38	25 May 1943	10:58	B-25	Boulogne/Baie de SommeШаблон:Sfn
– Stab I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" –Шаблон:Sfn Western Front — August – 31 December 1943
39	27 August 1943	19:50	B-17	PleunierШаблон:Sfn Reims	42?Шаблон:Refn	6 September 1943	13:00	B-17	Шаблон:Convert southwest of Compiègne Шаблон:Sfn
40	6 September 1943	12:14	B-17	PQ 04 Ost CH-6, northwest of Troyes Шаблон:Sfn	43	6 September 1943	15:03	Boston	PQ 05 Ost 0165Шаблон:Sfn
41?^{[Note 2]}	6 September 1943	13:00	B-17	southwest of Meaux Шаблон:Sfn	44	14 October 1943	15:55	B-17	southwest of Verdun Шаблон:Sfn
– Stab I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" –Шаблон:Sfn Western Front — 1944
45?^{[Note 2]}	5 January 1944	10:47	B-17Шаблон:Sfn		51	15 June 1944	06:42	Spitfire	PQ 05 Ost UC-8Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Évreux
46?^{[Note 2]}	5 January 1944	11:12	B-17Шаблон:Sfn		52	22 June 1944	14:33	P-47	PQ 15 West USШаблон:Sfn vicinity of Saint-Lô
47	13 May 1944	12:18	P-47	PQ 05 Ost DU-4Шаблон:Sfn northwest of Paris	53	24 June 1944	12:22	P-51	PQ 05 Ost UBШаблон:Sfn vicinity of Bernay
48	6 June 1944	17:25	Typhoon	PQ 05 Ost UB, Beaumont-le-Roger Шаблон:Sfn	54	29 June 1944	08:02	P-47	PQ 04 Ost N/AC-5Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Dreux
49	12 June 1944	06:10	P-47	PQ 04 Ost N/AC-3Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Dreux	55	27 August 1944	14:31	P-47	PQ 04 Ost N/AF/BFШаблон:Sfn east of Paris
50	14 June 1944	06:44	P-51	PQ 05 Ost UC-1Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Évreux

Awards

Iron Cross (1939) 2nd and 1st Class
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 5 October 1941 as Oberleutnant and Staffelkapitän of the 4./Jagdgeschwader 51Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Refn
German Cross in Gold on 25 December 1943 as Hauptmann in the II./Jagdgeschwader 51.Шаблон:Sfn

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

Шаблон:S-start Шаблон:S-mil Шаблон:Succession box Шаблон:Succession box Шаблон:S-end

Шаблон:Subject bar

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[Note 2]

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