Английская Википедия:Erivan Province (Safavid Iran)
Шаблон:Infobox country The Erivan ProvinceШаблон:Efn (Шаблон:Lang-fa), also known as Chokhur-e Sa'dШаблон:Efn (Шаблон:Lang-fa), was a province of Safavid Iran, centered on the territory of the present-day Armenia. Erivan (Yerevan) was the provincial capital and the seat of the Safavid governors.Шаблон:Sfn
At the end of the Safavid period, it had the following administrative jurisdictions; Bayazid, Maghazberd (now near Üçbölük village of Arpaçay district), Maku, Nakhchivan, Sadarak, Shadidlu, Zaruzbil, and the tribal district of the Donbolis.Шаблон:Sfn
The provinces of Erivan and Karabakh were the two administrative territories that made up Iranian Armenia.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
History
The alternate name of the province, Chokhur-e Sa'd, had been in use since the fourteenth century.Шаблон:Sfn The name is derived from a certain Amir Sa'd, the leader of the Turkic Sa'dlu tribe, who had accompanied Timur from Central Asia.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The Sa'dlu's had become prominent under their leader, Amir Sa'd, and settled in the Erivan area, where Amir Sa'd became the governor of the area.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Chokhur-e Sa'd literally means "Vale of Sa'd".Шаблон:Sfn
Historic Armenia, which included the territory of the Erivan Province, made part of Safavid Iran from its earliest days.Шаблон:Sfn In 1502, the first governor of the Erivan Province was appointed by then incumbent King (Shah) Ismail I (Шаблон:Reign1501–1524), and royal Safavid edicts make mention of the province as early as 1505 and 1506.Шаблон:Sfn As a result of the Peace of Amasya of 1555, the Safavids, then under King Tahmasp I (Шаблон:Reign1524–1576) were forced to cede the western part of historic Armenia to the expanding Ottoman Empire.Шаблон:Sfn
In 1578, the Ottomans invaded Iran, and by 1583 they were in possession of the Erivan province.Шаблон:Sfn In 1604, Safavid King Abbas I (Шаблон:Reign1588–1629) expelled them and re-established the Safavid sway.Шаблон:Sfn
Around the same time, realizing the vulnerability of the province, King Abbas I ordered for the mass deportation and relocation of the Armenians from his Armenian territories (which thus included the Erivan Province), deeper into mainland Iran.
At the beginning of the seventeenth century, some 19,000 converted Catholic Armenians were living in three towns and twelve villages in the Nakhchivan, Ernjak and Jahuk regions, and had ten Catholic churches to serve them.Шаблон:Sfn When the Safavid government started to decline, in the second half of the 17th century, during the reign of King Suleiman I (1666–1694), the situation of the Catholic Armenians of Nakhchivan deteriorated.Шаблон:Sfn As a result of the increasing religious intolerance and misrule by governmental officials, the majority of the Armenian Catholics of Nakchivan had to convert to Islam.Шаблон:Sfn The remaining minority either returned to the Armenian Apostolic Church, or migrated to Smyrna, Constantinople, Bursa and other towns in the Ottoman Empire.Шаблон:Sfn
In 1639, the Safavids and the Ottomans concluded the Treaty of Zuhab. Eastern Armenia was reconfirmed as being an Iranian domain, whereas Western Armenia was irrevocably lost to the Ottomans. The ensuing period following 1639 was marked by peace and prosperity in the province. At the end of the seventeenth century, the Erivan Province had become a centre of Catholic missionary activities in the empire.Шаблон:Sfn
In 1679, the province was the epicenter of an earthquake, which resulted in the destruction and damaging of numerous notable structures.
In 1714, the mayor (kalantar) of the provincial capital, Mohammad Reza Beg, was appointed as the new ambassador to France, and led the embassy to Louis XIV of 1715.Шаблон:Sfn
In 1724, the Ottomans and the Russians invaded the crumbling empire. By the Treaty of Constantinople (1724), they agreed to divide the conquered territories between them. Per the treaty, the Ottomans gained the territory of the Erivan Province.Шаблон:Sfn
By 1735, Nader-Qoli Beg (later known as Nader Shah) had restored the Safavid sway over the Caucasus, including the Erivan Province. In 1736, he deposed the Safavids and became king himself, establishing Afsharid Iran.
Mint
The provincial capital, Erivan, housed an important Safavid mint. As much of Iran's gold and silver was imported from the Ottoman Empire, the mints near the border such as Erivan, Tabriz and Tiflis (Tbilisi) played an important role in converting foreign specie into Iranian coins.Шаблон:Sfn In the 1660s and 1670s, the office of mint master (zarrab-bashi) of Erivan was held by a series of local Armenians.Шаблон:Sfn The mint master of Nakhchivan in 1691 was also an Armenian.Шаблон:Sfn
Stationed Safavid force
The Erivan Province was of high importance to the Safavids, partly due to the fact that it bordered the Ottoman Empire.Шаблон:Sfn The French missionary and traveller Père Sanson, who was in Iran during the latter part of King Suleiman I's reign (1666–1694), wrote that some 12,000 Safavid troops were stationed in the Erivan Province.Шаблон:Sfn
Religious and ethnic affiliation
Muslims constituted majorities in the province, whereas ethnic Armenians were a minority.Шаблон:Sfn Until the mid-fourteenth century, Armenians had constituted a majority in Eastern Armenia.Шаблон:Sfn At the close of the fourteenth century, after Timur's campaigns, Islam had become the dominant faith, and Armenians became a minority in Eastern Armenia.Шаблон:Sfn
List of governors
| Date | Governor |
|---|---|
| 1502–? | Qaracheh-Elyas Beybordlu |
| 1509–? | Amir Beg Mowsellu Torkman |
| 1514–? | Hamzeh Beg, son of Hoseyn Beg Laleh Ustajlu |
| 1516–1527 | Div Sultan Rumlu |
| 1527 | Soleyman Beg Rumlu |
| 1549–1550 | Hoseyn Khan Soltan Rumlu |
| 1551–1568 | Shahqoli Soltan Ustajlu, son of Hamzeh Soltan Qazaq |
| 1568–1575 | Tokhmaq Khan Ustajlu |
| 1575–1576 | Abu Torab Soltan |
| 1576–1577 | Khalil Khan Afshar |
| 1578–1583 | Tokhmaq Khan Ustajlu |
| 1583–1604 | Ottoman occupation |
| 1604–1625 | Amir Guneh Khan Aghcheh-Qoyunlu Qajar (aka Saru Aslan) |
| 1625–1635 | Tahmasp Ali Khan Aghcheh-Qoyunlu Qajar (aka Shir-bacheh) |
| 1635–1636 | Ottoman occupation |
| 1636–1639 | Kalb Ali Khan Afshar |
| 1639–1648 | Mohammadqoli [Beg] Khan Chaghatay (aka Chaghatay Kotuk Mohammad Khan) |
| 1648–1653 | Kaykhosrow Khan Cherkes |
| 1654–1656 | Mohammadqoli Khan |
| 1656–1663 | Najafqoli Khan Cherkes |
| 1663–1666 | Abbasqoli Khan Qajar (son of Amir Guneh Khan) |
| 1666–1674 | Safi Khan Lezgi |
| 1674 | Saru Khan Beg (interim governor) |
| 1674–1679 | Safiqoli Khan |
| 1679–1688 | Zal Khan |
| 1690–1693 | Mohammadqoli Khan |
| 1693 | Farz Ali Khan |
| 1695–1698 | Allahqoli Khan |
| 1700 | Farz Ali Khan |
| 1704 | Mohammad Khan |
| 1705 | Abd ol-Masud Khan |
| ?–1716 | Mohammad-Ali Khan |
| 1716–? | Unnamed son of the predecessor |
| 1719–1723 | Mehr-Ali Khan |
| 1723 | Mahmadqoli Khan |
| 1724–1735 | Ottoman occupation |
| 1735–1736 | Safavid hegemony restored by Nader-Qoli Beg (later known as Nader Shah) |
Notes
References
Sources
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- Provinces of the Safavid dynasty
- 16th century in Armenia
- 17th century in Armenia
- 18th century in Armenia
- History of Nakhchivan
- History of West Azerbaijan Province
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
.jpg){kind=link}
