Английская Википедия:Ermengard of Italy
Шаблон:Good article Шаблон:Infobox royalty Ermengard of Italy (died 896/897) was Queen of Provence as the spouse of King Boso. She was the second and only surviving child of Emperor Louis II. In her early life, she was betrothed to Constantine, the junior Byzantine emperor, but whether the marriage actually occurred or not is still debated among historians. In 871, Ermengard and her family were taken hostage by Adelchis of Benevento but were later freed. In 876, Ermengard married Boso, a nobleman with connections to the Carolingian dynasty, and became queen upon his accession to the throne of Provence in 879. After her husband's death in 887, she served as regent of the kingdom during the minority of her son Louis the Blind.
Early life and engagement to Constantine
Ermengard was the daughter of Emperor Louis II, who ruled over Italy, and his wife, Engelberga,.Шаблон:Sfn Ermengard's granduncle was Emperor Charles the Bald.Шаблон:Sfn In her youth, she was instructed in the scriptures by Anastasius Bibliothecarius, the chief archivist of the papal Lateran Palace.Шаблон:Sfn In 869, the courts of the Carolingian and Byzantine Empires entered into discussions to arrange an alliance against the Saracens in southern Italy. During the negotiations, in addition to a military alliance, a marriage between Ermengard and Constantine, the eldest son of Emperor Basil I,Шаблон:Efn was proposed.Шаблон:Sfn
Ermengard and Constantine were betrothed in 870 or 871.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn To this end, an ambassador was sent by Louis to the Byzantine Empire.Шаблон:Sfn The Carolingian and Frankish annals Annales Bertiniani referred to Ermengard in 879 as "Шаблон:Lang" (Шаблон:Literal translation). However, the annals erroneously refer to Ermengard's betrothed as Basil, not Constantine.Шаблон:Sfn Whether the marriage actually occurred is still debated among historians. The historians Charles Previté-Orton and Werner Ohnsorge take the position that they married, but Shaun Tougher argues that there is no evidence of this,Шаблон:Sfn considering the arrangement more of a child's engagement than a true marriage, given that Constantine would have been either 13 or 14 at the time and many Byzantine men married at age 15.Шаблон:Sfn Louis refused to hand over Ermengard to the patriarch sent by the Byzantines to bring her to the Byzantine Empire.Шаблон:Sfn The alliance between the empires failed to come into fruition, and in the Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Literal translation), its authors, including the Byzantinist Ralph-Johannes Lilie, argue that the marriage of Ermengard and Constantine did not either. Instead, the correspondence between Louis II and Basil I reveal a feud over the right to the imperial Roman title,Шаблон:Sfn Basil refusing to yield the status of Roman emperor to Louis.Шаблон:Sfn
In August 871, Ermengard, along with the rest of her family, were held hostage by Adelchis of Benevento.Шаблон:Sfn They remained in captivity until September; during that time, rumors circulated that the imperial family were dead. The bishop of Benevento managed to have them freed, and Ermengard is not mentioned by chronicles until her marriage in 876.Шаблон:Sfn
Queen of Provence
In 876, sometime between February and June,Шаблон:Sfn with the approval of Charles, Ermengard was married to Boso of Provence, who was a nobleman with close relations to the Carolingian dynasty.Шаблон:Sfn Based on her betrothal to Constantine, the medievalist René Poupardin placed Ermengard somewhere between 17 and 25 years old at the time of her marriage to Boso.Шаблон:Sfn In 879, the West Frankish king Louis the Stammerer died. Boso intended to have himself elected as the new monarch of West Francia, but ended up as ruler of Provence. His rise to the throne of Provence was aided by Ermengard and her mother Engelberga.Шаблон:Sfn The historian Constance Bouchard states that "Ermengard was indeed quoted at the time as saying that she, daughter of the Roman emperor, who had once been affianced to the Greek emperor, would not want to live if she could not make her own husband king".Шаблон:Sfn The couple had three surviving children: a son, Louis the Blind, and two daughters, Engelberga and an unnamed child.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
In 878, Ermengard and her husband welcomed Pope John VIII in Arles, who was fleeing Rome. The couple made a good impression on the pontiff, revealed by his correspondence with Ermengard's mother Engelberga.Шаблон:Sfn Boso died in 887, leaving his children under the protection of Ermengard.Шаблон:Sfn In May of that year, Ermengard travelled with her son to the court of her cousin Emperor Charles the Fat, and according to the East Frankish Annales Fuldenses, she managed to convince her cousin to, as Bouchard puts it, "'quasi-adopt' Boso's young son Louis as his own son".Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn In 890, Louis was elected to succeed to his father's kingdom of Provence.Шаблон:Sfn During the minority of her son, Queen Ermengard served as regent of Provence.Шаблон:Sfn
Ermengard died in 896/897.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn In June 897, Ermengard's son Louis requested prayers for the repose of the souls of both his parents.Шаблон:Sfn
Notes
References
Sources
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit
- Шаблон:Cite thesis
- Шаблон:Cite book
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