Английская Википедия:Ernst-Wilhelm Reinert

Ernst-Wilhelm Reinert (2 February 1919 – 5 September 2007) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator during World War II, a fighter ace credited with 174 enemy aircraft shot down in 715 combat missions. The majority of his victories were claimed over the Eastern Front, with 51 in the Mediterranean theatre and 20 over the Western Front. He was "ace-in-a-day" four times, shooting down five or more aircraft on a single day.

Born in Cologne-Lindenthal, Reinert volunteered for military service in the National Socialist Luftwaffe in 1938. Following flight training, he was posted to Jagdgeschwader 77 (JG 77—77th Fighter Wing). He fought in Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union, and claimed his first aerial victory on 8 August 1941. He received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross following his 53rd aerial victory. Accumulating further victories, he surpassed the century mark in October 1942 for which he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves. In November 1942, his unit was transferred to the Mediterranean theatre in support of the Afrika Korps. There, Reinert claimed 51 victories against the Western Allies. In August 1943, he was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 3. Staffel (3rd squadron) of JG 77, and in February 1944 the 8. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 27 (JG 27—27th Fighter Wing) based in France. Reinert was then appointed Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of IV. Gruppe (4th group) of JG 27 and, credited with 174 aerial victories, received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords on 30 January 1945. He then received conversion training to the then new Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter and was posted to Jagdgeschwader 7 (JG 7—7th Fighter Wing), an all-jet fighter wing.

In 1956, Reinert joined the newly established German Air Force of West Germany. He retired in 1972, his final rank was Oberstleutnant (lieutenant colonel), and died on 5 September 2007 in Bad Pyrmont.

Early life and career

Ernst-Wilhelm Reinert was born 2 February 1919 in Cologne-Lindenthal, at the time in the Rhine Province of the Free State of Prussia. He was the son of an executive secretary (Шаблон:Lang) with the Deutsche Reichsbahn (German Reich Railway). After attending school in Leverkusen-Schlebusch, he completed his vocational education as a metalworker. With the beginning of his vocational education, Reinert learned to fly glider aircraft with the National Socialist Flyers Corps (NSFK), completing his A, B and C-license for glider aircraft.Шаблон:Sfn

Following the compulsory Reichsarbeitsdienst (Reich Labour Service), Reinert volunteered for military service of Nazi Germany with the Luftwaffe in early 1938. Eight days after joining, he was discharged on medical grounds which required an operation. In January 1939, he was admitted to the Reichsschule für Motorflug (motor powered flight school of the Reich) at Bielefeld where he attained his A/2 license. On 14 April 1939, Reinert was called back into the Luftwaffe, at first serving with a Fliegerausbildungsregiment (flight training regiment), and received three months of recruit training. He was then trained as a fighter pilot at various flight and fighter pilot schools.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Refn

World War II

World War II in Europe had begun on Friday, 1 September 1939, when German forces invaded Poland. On 1 December 1940, Reinert was promoted to Unteroffizier (corporal). At the time he was based in Bordeaux, France with the Ergänzungsgruppe, a supplementary training unit, of Jagdgeschwader 77 (JG 77—77th Fighter Wing). This unit was tasked with patrolling the Atlantic coast.Шаблон:Sfn

Eastern Front

On 14 June 1941, Reinert was transferred to II. Gruppe (2nd group) of JG 77 where he was assigned to 4. Staffel (4th squadron). With this unit, he participated in Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union, which marked the beginning of the Eastern Front on 22 June 1941.Шаблон:Sfn JG 77, augmented by I.(J)./Lehrgeschwader 2 (LG 2—2nd Demonstration Wing), primary role in Operation Barbarossa was to support the German advance as part of Army Group South.Шаблон:Sfn During this campaign, Reinert was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class (Шаблон:Lang) on 31 July 1941.Шаблон:Sfn A week later, at 13:42 on 8 August 1941, he was credited with his first aerial victory, a Polikarpov I-16 fighter.Шаблон:Sfn On 28 September 1941, he received the Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe for Fighter Pilots in Gold (Шаблон:Lang), at the time he was credited with 16 aerial victories. One day later, he received the Iron Cross 1st Class (Шаблон:Lang).Шаблон:Sfn

II. Gruppe, which was scheduled for replenishment and conversion to the Bf 109 F-4 in Germany, flew its last mission of 1941 following the Battle of Rostov on 2 December northeast of Rostov. The next day, the unit began relocating to Germany, first to Schweidnitz, present-day Świdnica, and then to Vienna-Aspern.Шаблон:Sfn On 7 February 1942, Reinert was awarded the Honour Goblet of the Luftwaffe (Шаблон:Lang) for 24 victories. Shortly after this, Reinert was transferred west in support of Operation Donnerkeil. The objective of this operation was to give the German battleships Шаблон:Ship and Шаблон:Ship and the heavy cruiser Шаблон:Ship fighter protection in the breakout from Brest to Germany. The Channel Dash operation (11–13 February 1942) by the Kriegsmarine (Navy) was codenamed Operation Cerberus by the Germans. In support of this, the Luftwaffe under the leadership of General der Jagdflieger (General of the Fighter Force) Adolf Galland, formulated an air superiority plan dubbed Operation Donnerkeil for the protection of the three German capital ships. Following this assignment, Reinert was transferred back to II. Gruppe still based at Vienna-Aspern.Шаблон:Sfn On 11 March 1942, II. Gruppe began transferring back to the Eastern Front, first stop was Proskurov, present-day Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine.Шаблон:Sfn On 15 March, they reached Bukarest before they reached Sarabus, present-day Hwardijske, located Шаблон:Convert north of Simferopol on the Crimean peninsula on 17 March 1942.Шаблон:Sfn At the time, 4. Staffel was commanded by Oberleutnant (first lieutenant) Heinrich Setz while II. Gruppe was led by Hauptmann Anton Mader.Шаблон:Sfn

On 19 March, Reinert claimed three Soviet aircraft including two Petlyakov Pe-2s.Шаблон:Sfn On 3 May, Reinert claimed two Polikarpov I-153 fighters belonging to 9 IAP/VVS-ChF (Black Sea Fleet).Шаблон:Sfn By June Reinert had become one of leading aces in JG 77 with Anton Hackl and Setz.Шаблон:Sfn Reinert was promoted to Feldwebel (staff sergeant) on 1 May 1942 and after 44 aerial victories, he received the German Cross in Gold (Шаблон:Lang) on 18 May 1942.Шаблон:Sfn

On 9 June, Reinert claimed three victories for his 49th to 51st. On this day, JG 77 was involved in dogfights over the besieged city of Sevastopol. Reinert engaged the 3rd OAG (Osobaya Aviatsionnaya Gruppa—Special Aviation Group) ChF and 6 GIAP ChF. He claimed a Polikarpov I-16 for his 49th victory.Шаблон:Sfn On 1 July 1942, after 53 aerial victories, Reinert received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Шаблон:Lang) which was presented to him by II. GruppeШаблон:'s commander Mader.Шаблон:Sfn Reinert shot down 26 Soviet aircraft in July 1942.Шаблон:Sfn On 14 July 1942, the day Reinert claimed three Bell P-39 Airacobras shot down, he crashed his Bf 109 F-4 (Werknummer 13 117—factory number) during the landing at Kastornoje. The aircraft was 70% destroyed and he sustained minor injuries.Шаблон:Sfn On 26 July, he was again wounded in a flying accident.Шаблон:Sfn His Bf 109 F-4 (Werknummer 8280—factory number) had technical problems, the engine caught fire. This forced Reinert to bail out over friendly territory and resulted in a broken arm.Шаблон:Sfn A period in hospital followed. Reinert returned to the front in September. On 16 September, 4./JG 77 bounced a formation of Ilyushin Il-2 ground-attack aircraft south-east of Voronezh and Reinert claimed two shot down.Шаблон:Sfn

On 3 October 1942, Reinert passed the century mark with four claims. He was the 27th Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.Шаблон:Sfn That day, the Rotte, a pair of aircraft, Reinert and his wingman Unteroffizier Rudolf Flindt had been ordered to fly from Stary Oskol to Kursk with the plan to intercept the daily Soviet reconnaissance aircraft. During the takeoff, the German airfield came under attack by a flight of Soviet Il-2 ground-attack aircraft escorted by Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-3 and Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3 fighter aircraft. Reinert shot down two Il-2s before his 20 mm MG 151/20 cannon jammed. This forced him to continue the fight with only his two MG 131 machine guns operationally. Reinert managed to shoot down two further aircraft, two MiG-3s claimed at 14:17 and 14:20. In this encounter, Flindt was credited with two aerial victories.Шаблон:Sfn At the time, Reinert was also credited with the destruction of 14 aircraft on the ground in addition to the 103 aerial victories. On 6 October, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (Шаблон:Lang). Reinert, together with Alfred Druschel, Johannes Steinhoff, Günther Rall and Max Stotz received the Oak Leaves from Adolf Hitler personally on 4 November 1942.Шаблон:Sfn A flying ace or fighter ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat.Шаблон:Sfn Reinert was only the second Feldwebel in the Luftwaffe to receive the award, after Gerhard Köppen.Шаблон:Sfn

North Africa

In early 1941, the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW—Supreme Command of the Armed Forces) had sent an expeditionary force, to North Africa to support the Regio Esercito Italiano (Royal Italian Army) fighting in the North African Campaign. As intensity of combat increased, the OKW committed additional military forces to the Mediterranean theatre. First elements of JG 77 had already been committed to this theatre in February 1942.Шаблон:Sfn The Axis defeat at the Second Battle of El Alamein (23 October—4 November 1942) and the 8 November 1942 Operation Torch landings had pushed the Axis out of Morocco, Algeria, Egypt and Libya into Tunisia. On 10 November 1942, Reinert's II. Gruppe was also withdrawn from the Eastern Front and began relocating to North Africa. On 5 December 1942, the Gruppenstab (headquarters unit), 4. and 6. Staffel arrived at Zazur, Шаблон:Convert west of Tripoli, Libya.Шаблон:Sfn During the relocation, II. Gruppe stopped at Munich for two weeks. There, Reinert got in trouble with the authorities and was briefly confined to quarters for not properly saluting an elderly senior officer.Шаблон:Sfn

Reinert was thrust into aerial combat in this final phase of the North African Campaign—the Battle of Tunisia. On 2 January 1943 Reinert claimed two P-40s from No. 250 Squadron RAF while escorting Tactical Reconnaissance Hurricanes from 40 Squadron SAAF. His wingman Unteroffizier Weidlich claimed the other. Pilot Officer S. Holland, Flight Sergeant Graham and Sergeant J. H . Baron were the casualties—they were reported as prisoner of war, safe but wounded in action and killed in action respectively.Шаблон:Sfn Five days later on 7 January, II./JG 77 engaged and shot down three Spitfires while the RAF claimed two Bf 109s destroyed and damaged. Two of the No. 92 Squadron RAF pilots can be identified—Flight Sergeant Broomhall was killed and Sergeant Patterson parachuted to safety.Шаблон:Sfn On 11 January Reinert claimed four victories over Spitfires and a single P-40. In this battle Franz Hrdlicka also claimed a Spitfire.Шаблон:Sfn Reinert misidentified his first three opponents who were all P-40s from the 64th and 65th Fighter Squadrons of the US 57th Fighter Group.Шаблон:Sfn On 17 January B-17 Flying Fortress' from the US 97th Bombardment Group and escorted by P-38 Lightnings from the US 1st Fighter Group crossed into Tunisia from airfields in Algeria. JG 77 and Italian fighters intercepted. Reinert shot down the P-38 flown by Lieutenant Burton Weil.Шаблон:Sfn On 20 January 1943 Reinert shot down a Curtiss P-40 Warhawk piloted by Lieutenant Richard Kimball of the 65th Fighter Squadron who was taken prisoner of war.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn Reinert claimed again on 6 February. He attacked a formation of No. 112 Squadron RAF P-40s and claimed two as they attacked artillery and motor transport near Ras Agadir. Sergeant R. Le Cours was shot down and another P-40 was badly damaged.Шаблон:Sfn On 23 February Reinert claimed two Spitfires. The first was probably Sergeant S. G. T. Twine of No. 152 Squadron RAF.Шаблон:Sfn

The Axis won a series of offensive successes at Sidi Bou Zid and the Kasserine Pass in February 1943. A confident Erwin Rommel ordered the 5th Panzer Army under Hans-Jürgen von Arnim to begin operation Ochsenkopf on 26 February. The Royal Air Force (RAF) Desert Air Force responded by attacking all known German and Italian airfields in the region to deny the Axis air support for the offensive. JG 77 were involved in large-scale air battles and claimed 26 P-40s for nine losses and two pilots killed.Шаблон:Sfn Heinrich Bär claimed five and Reinert was credited with four in one mission.Шаблон:Sfn Their opponents were from the 7 SAAF Wing. The South African unit records confirm 14 losses.Шаблон:Sfn JG 77 claimed 13 of them. The following day II./JG 77 bounced 12 P-40s attacking German airfields and Reinert claimed two for his 123rd and 124th victories. A further three fell to other pilots.Шаблон:Sfn On 7 March JG 77 engaged Spitfires over the Mareth Line. Heinz-Edgar Berres, Bär and two other pilots shot down a Spitfire. In the afternoon, Reinert claimed a brace of Spitfires west of Medenine.Шаблон:Sfn The latter was probably over a No. 145 Squadron RAF pilot.Шаблон:Sfn

Файл:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-421-2075-24, Nordafrika, Hans-Joachim Marseille neben VW-Kübelwagen.jpg

Leutnant Reinert (left) and Feldwebel Maximilian Volke standing next to Hans-Joachim Marseille's "Otto" Kübelwagen, April 1943Шаблон:Sfn

On 1 March B-26 Marauders and P-38 Lightnings attacked the bridge at La Hencha. Reinert claimed one Marauder and two of the escorting P-38s.Шаблон:Sfn Three B-26s were lost.Шаблон:Sfn In the morning of the 13 March Reinert claimed two P-39s. In fact they were P-40s from the 57th Fighter Group which lost four Шаблон:Sfn The American unit involved in the air battles was the US 57th Fighter Group escorted by Spitfires from 244 Wing RAF.Шаблон:Sfn Among the losses were Major Robert F. Worley, commanding the 314th Fighter Squadron was shot down but evaded capture and reached American lines. Major Archie Knight, the 57th Fighter Group operations officer, was also shot down. He also evaded capture by swimming undercover of darkness and reaching British lines. Lieutenant William E. Jenks and Robert Douglas of the 314th Fighter Squadron were also shot down: the latter was captured and the former was killed.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn In the afternoon Geschwaderkommodore (wing commander) Joachim Müncheberg led I./JG 77 over Gabès. On this sortie, Reinert claimed four victories, after Müncheberg ordered them to attack some low-flying United States Army Air Force (USAAF) P-39 Airacobras while returning to base.Шаблон:Sfn Eight of the P-39s were claimed shot down in 12 minutes.Шаблон:Sfn The claims were Reinert's 132nd–135th.Шаблон:Sfn The 81st Fighter Group confirmed the loss of seven P-39s, despite the escort of the 31st Fighter Group's Spitfires.Шаблон:Sfn The P-39s were from the 91st and 93rd Squadrons. The Spitfires were from 307 and 308 Squadron. Nine American fighters were lost in total: Lieutenants Murray, Turkington, Smith, Leech, McCreight and Lewis from the 93rd and Lyons from the 91st. Another pilot was captured. Only Murray returned alive from the group.Шаблон:Sfn

On 26 March Reinert accounted for Sergeant J. H. D. Herberte. Herberte had been flying with Spitfire Vs and IXs of No. 145 Squadron RAF when they were attacked by II./JG 77. It appears this was the only loss. The Germans lost one pilot killed also.Шаблон:Sfn Three days later, on 29 March 1943, Reinert claimed two USAAF P-40s and his wingman Unteroffizier Funke claimed another. II./JG 51's Oberleutnant Rammelt claimed his 20th victory. JG 77 lost three pilots over the airfield when P-40s attacked low-flying Bf 109s—Rudolf Fischer, Ewald Bleul and Gunter Schimmelpfennig were killed.Шаблон:Sfn Reinert's victims were from the US 79th Fighter Group. Captain Kenneth D. Boggs was killed, Lieutenant Harlan E. Highfield was captured and the third pilot escaped to Allied lines.Шаблон:Sfn On 30 March Siegfried Freytag led I./JG 77 against USAAF bombing raids. The Bf 109s engaged the US 52nd Fighter Group, which was escorting 18 A-20 Havoc bombers from the 47th Bombardment Group en route to attacking La Fauconnerie. Reinert claimed two bombers before the P-40s claimed two German fighters.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn Reinert became an officer when he was promoted to Leutnant (second lieutenant) on 1 April 1943.Шаблон:Sfn

On 1 April Reinert became an "ace in a day". In the morning he claimed three Spitfires from the US 31st Fighter Group, specifically the 308th and 309th Fighter Squadrons. Lieutenant O'Brien, Juhnke and Strole were killed.Шаблон:Sfn Three Bf 109s were damaged. A further two claims were made against the US 52nd Fighter Group. Lieutenant Edwin Boughton was killed.Шаблон:Sfn Other Spitfires may have force-landed but American records generally list only those that caused the death of a pilot.Шаблон:Sfn On 4 April, JG 77 engaged in a day of heavy air combat with the new commanding officer Johannes Steinhoff and lost three pilots. Steinhoff and Reinert claimed one and three respectively: Steinhoff's claim was against a Spitfire in the afternoon. Reinert's opponents were P-40s from the US 33rd Fighter Group.Шаблон:Sfn Fredrick W. Mayo Jr, James H. Raddin and Alfred J. Schmidt were captured on this date.Шаблон:Sfn Mayo and Schmidt were shot down by Reinert.Шаблон:Sfn The next day Operation Flax began an intensive aerial offensive against Axis transport aircraft and airfields. On 16 April Reinert's 4. Staffel with 2. and 3./JG 77 formed a 15-strong fighter escort for 13 Italian Savoia-Marchetti SM.82 transports.Шаблон:Sfn No. 145 Squadron RAF led by Wing Commander Ian Gleed intercepted the mixed Axis force over Cape Bon.Шаблон:Sfn The Germans failed to protect the Italians and seven transports were shot down along with Bf 109 (Werknummer 16 485), "White 9" and its pilot Leutnant Rüdiger. JG 77 claimed four Spitfires—one for Bär and Berres. Reinert also claimed a victory, recorded as a P-51 Mustang. Gleed, who was killed in action that day along with his wingman, flew a clipped-wing Spitfire LF. Vb coded IR-G and Reinert mistook the unusual Spitfire for a Mustang.Шаблон:Sfn

Three days later, on 19 April, Reinert claimed another P-51. Once more, this was probably a misidentified clipped-wing Spitfire. The identity of this victory was either Lieutenant Maurice Langberg who was killed or Second Lieutenant Edwin C. Smithers who was captured. The pilots belonged to the 2nd and 4th Fighter Squadrons of the 52nd Fighter Group which claimed four German fighters. It may have also been Warrant Officer Williams of No. 608 Squadron RAF. The victory was Reinert's 150th of the war.Шаблон:Sfn By the 25 April 1943 the Axis front was collapsing. On this day Reinert led an attack on USAAF P-39s from the 350th Fighter Group. Reinert claimed one and the Americans lost five.Шаблон:Sfn Captain Howes and Lieutenant O'Connor were killed.Шаблон:Sfn In the afternoon he claimed the Spitfire J17616 flown by Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) Warrant Officer Bruce Edward Anderson, with 145 Squadron. Anderson died of wounds.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn

On 6 May Axis forces held a narrow strip of territory on the coast near Tunis. The acute fuel shortages forced German fighters to operate in pairs. JG 77 lost two pilots killed. At 10:55 Reinert claimed his 153rd victory over a Spitfire. Only III./JG 77 claimed a further victory. On 8 May JG 77 decided to evacuate its headquarters from Korobus airfield. Reinert took off in a Bf 109 sitting on the lap of Leutnant Zeno Bäumel and carrying 4. StaffelШаблон:'s chief mechanic Oberfeldwebel Walter inside the fuselage.Шаблон:Sfn On the flight to Sicily Reinert spotted and attacked a Grumman F4F Wildcat "Martlet" which crashed into the sea.Шаблон:Sfn

Air war over Italy

On 8 May 1943, JG 77 evacuated from Tunisia to various airfields in Sicily while I. Gruppe was sent to Munich. The original intent was to give the Geschwader a period of rest.Шаблон:Sfn On 11 May, II. Gruppe moved from Trapani to the Italian mainland at Foggia for replenishment.Шаблон:Sfn After a month of rest, on 19 June 1943, the Gruppe relocated back to Trapani.Шаблон:Sfn In June and early July the USAAF and British and Commonwealth Air Forces, after initial resistance, attained air superiority. At this time the Mediterranean Air Command had 146 American and 121 British and Commonwealth squadrons available and in range of Sicily. The Axis had 838 operational aircraft including 434 Sicily-based fighter and fighter bomber–aircraft.Шаблон:Sfn

By 15 June 1943, some 19 main airfields with 12 minor airstrips were available.Шаблон:Sfn Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur Tedder ordered all-out attacks to destroy Axis aviation in and over Sicily.Шаблон:Sfn On 10 July 1943 Operation Husky began and by 18 July only 25 German fighters remained.Шаблон:Sfn Allied air power had completely bombed-out the Axis air forces. JG 77, which formed part of the ad hoc Jagdgruppe Vibo Valentia, lost the last of its fighters when 80 German and Italian aircraft were destroyed in one attack on 16 July, eliminating the fighter group.Шаблон:Sfn By 20 July I. and II./JG 77 had been pulled out of Sicily to Calabria, on the mainland, where Reinert continued to fly combat sorties over Sicily.Шаблон:Sfn

Reinert claimed his first aerial victory in Sicily on 7 August. Two P-40s shot down at 11:45 and 11:54 respectively, took his total of aerial victories to 156.Шаблон:Sfn On 13 August 1943, a flight of six Bf 109s from I. Gruppe and nine Bf 109s from II. Gruppe took off at 09:45 on an escort mission for five Dornier Do 217 from Kampfgeschwader 100 which were on an anti-shipping mission. On this mission, the flight encountered 25 to 30 P-40s north coast of Sicily. Reinert shot down three P-40's and his Bf 109 G-6 (Werknummer 20 380—factory number) was hit in the radiator forcing him to ditch in the sea north of Milazzo. Reinert nearly drowned and was shot at by Italian soldiers before he returned to his unit on 14 August.Шаблон:Sfn The campaign ended with the Axis withdrawal on 17 August. Reinert claimed two P-40s the following day.

On 7 September 1943, I. Gruppe lost the Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 3./JG 77 Oberleutnant Gerhard Strasen who was wounded in combat. In consequence, Reinert was transferred from II. Gruppe to I. Gruppe, replacing Strasen as Staffelführer, acting squadron leader.Шаблон:Sfn Reinert served in this position until 1 December 1943, when he was officially appointed as Staffelkapitän of 3./JG 77.Шаблон:Sfn

Defence of the Reich

In April 1944, Reinert was posted to Jagdgeschwader 27 (JG 27—27th Fighter Wing), at first flying with 1. Staffel from an airfield at Fels am Wagram in Defence of the Reich. At 13:39 on 24 April, he claimed the final destruction (Шаблон:Lang) of an already damaged Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bomber. That day, the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) with a force of 754 heavy bombers, escorted by 867 fighter aircraft, targeted German aircraft manufacturing and airfields in Southern Germany.Шаблон:Sfn On 13 May 1944, Reinert was appointed Staffelkapitän of 12. Staffel of JG 27. Command had been transferred from Oberleutnant Franz Stigler who took command of 8. Staffel of JG 27.Шаблон:Sfn On 1 August 1944, Reinert was promoted to Oberleutnant.Шаблон:Sfn

JG 27 was transferred in June to the invasion front, flying over Caen and claiming a P-47 Thunderbolt on 27 June. Two further victories over Normandy followed, although Reinert was injured on 17 June and 5 July. On 1 August, IV. Gruppe was withdrawn from the Invasion front. They relocated to Champfleury-la-Perthe, an airfield approximately Шаблон:Convert south of Reims, before they arrived in Hustedt, present-day part of Celle, for a period of replenishment and refitting.Шаблон:Sfn In mid-August, the JG 27 expanded its Gruppen by a fourth Staffel. In consequence, 12. Staffel was renamed to 14. Staffel and received factory new Bf 109 G-14 aircraft.Шаблон:Sfn

Group commander and end of war

Файл:Avro Lancaster - Melsbroek - Royal Air Force Bomber Command, 1942-1945. CL1811.jpg

Fire crews attempt to save an Avro Lancaster from burning at Melsbroek, Belgium. This aircraft had landed at Melsbroek with the starboard inner engine out of action and the propeller feathered.

On 1 January 1945, JG 27 participated in Operation Bodenplatte, a Luftwaffe mass attack against Allied airfields in the Benelux area. The operation resulted in hundreds of aircraft losses on both sides and was an operational failure of the Luftwaffe. JG 27, augmented by VI. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 54, was ordered to attack the airfield at Brussels-Melsbroek. IV. Gruppe of JG 27, led by Hauptmann Heinz Dudeck, took off from Achmer shortly before 08:30. During the attack, IV./JG 27 made five strafing attacks on Brussels-Melsbroek, claiming multiple aircraft destroyed. IV./JG 27 did not suffer any casualties over the target area. However, on the return flight to Achmer, three aircraft were shot down, including Dudeck who was taken prisoner of war. On 5 January 1945, Reinert succeeded Dudeck as Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of VI. Gruppe.Шаблон:Sfn

In Reinert's first month of command, VI. Gruppe saw little action in January 1945, largely due to the relatively bad weather conditions in Germany. On 23 January, one Bf 109 was lost in combat with P-51s near Lengerich, otherwise no claims nor losses were recorded.Шаблон:Sfn Reinert, together with Erich Hartmann, Werner Schröer, Günther Rall and others, was posted to a group commanders training course at Königsberg, present-day Chojna in western Poland. On 1 February 1945, he received a telegram announcing that he had been awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords (Шаблон:Lang).Шаблон:Sfn The presentation was made by the commander-in-chief of the Luftwaffe, Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring at the Reichsluftfahrtministerium (RLM—Ministry of Aviation) in Berlin on 23 February 1945. At the same time, Reinert was promoted to Hauptmann, the promotion backdated to 1 January 1945.Шаблон:Sfn

In March 1945, the increasing Allied air superiority forced JG 27 to abandon its bases at Achmer and Rheine. On 18 March, it was decided to relocate JG 27 further east, to airfields in the vicinity of Lippstadt. On 21 March and prior to its relocation, VI. Gruppe was annihilated at Achmer by an attack of 180 Consolidated B-24 Liberator bombers of the USAAF Eighth Air Force which destroyed 37 of the 38 remaining Bf 109 on the ground. On 31 March, it was decided to disband VI. Gruppe. It was not possible to replenish the unit with new aircraft. The majority of its personnel were assigned to various Fallschirmjäger and infantry units destined to fight in the Battle of Berlin.Шаблон:Sfn

On 23 March 1945, Reinert had been transferred to I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 7 (JG 7—7th Fighter Wing) for conversion training to the Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter. The Gruppe was commanded by Major Wolfgang Späte and at the time based at Brandenburg-Briest. Reinert did not fly any combat missions on the Me 262. Before the end of World War II in Europe, the unit relocated multiple times, from Berlin to Prague, to Lagerlechfeld, to Munich–Holzkirchen, Plattling and to Mühldorf. There, on 8 May 1945, he was taken prisoner of war by US forces.Шаблон:Sfn

Later life

In September 1945, Reinert was released from US captivity and pursued a career in business as an industrial sales representative. On 1 April 1956, he reentered military service in the Bundeswehr as an Hauptmann in the West German Air Force, at the time referred to as the Bundesluftwaffe. Following various training courses, he was appointed Staffelkapitän of the 2. Staffel of Jagdbombergeschwader 31 "Boelcke" (JaBoG 31—Fighter-Bomber Wing 31), named after the World War I fighter pilot Oswald Boelcke and at the time under the command of Oberstleutnant (Lieutenant Colonel) Gerhard Barkhorn. The unit was initially equipped with the Republic F-84F Thunderstreak and based at the Nörvenich Air Base. On 19 January 1959, JaBoG 31 became the first German Air Force wing to be assigned to NATO. On 1 March 1959, Reinert was promoted to Major.Шаблон:Sfn

For the next four years, Reinert commanded the flying elements of Jagdbombergeschwader 35 (JaBoG 35—Fighter-Bomber Wing 35), at the time under the command of Oberstleutnant Karl Henze. JaBoG 35 existed from 1959 to 1966 and was then reformed as Leichtes Kampfgeschwader 41 (LeKG 41—Light-Bomber Wing 41). Reinert then served as staff officer with the 3. Luftwaffendivision (3rd Luftwaffe Division) and as chief of the air-ground firing range at the Sylt Air Base near Westerland.Шаблон:Sfn On 1 March 1971, he was promoted to Oberstleutnant. His final posting was to the Luftflottenkommando (Air Force Forces Command) at Köln-Wahn where he served as a staff officer. Reinert retired from military service on 30 September 1972.Шаблон:Sfn

Reinert then became a certified Heilpraktiker, a healing practitioner, in Bad Pyrmont. Until his deteriorating health prohibited otherwise, he continued to fly civil aircraft as hobby.Шаблон:Sfn He died on 5 September 2007 in Bad Pyrmont.Шаблон:Sfn

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Reinert was credited with 174 aerial victories.Шаблон:Sfn Obermaier also lists Reinert with 174 enemy aircraft shot down in 715 combat missions, of which 103 were claimed over the Eastern Front, with 51 in the Mediterranean theatre and 20 over the Western Front. On 60 ground attack missions, he was also credited with the destruction of 16 aircraft, 10 tanks and 6 locomotives.Шаблон:Sfn Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces – Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 168 aerial victory claims, plus nine further unconfirmed claims. This figure includes 103 aerial victories on the Eastern Front and 65 over the Western Allies, including two four-engine bomber.Шаблон:Sfn

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 35364". The Luftwaffe grid map (Шаблон:Lang) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about Шаблон:Convert. These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area Шаблон:Convert in size.Шаблон:Sfn

Chronicle of aerial victories
Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend
Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location	Unit	Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location	Unit
– Claims with Jagdgeschwader 77 on the Eastern Front –Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn Operation Barbarossa — 22 June – 5 December 1941
1	8 August 1941	13:42	I-16 Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	14	25 September 1941	13:13	DB-3 Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77
2	14 August 1941	15:18	I-16Шаблон:Sfn?Шаблон:Refn		4./JG 77	15	26 September 1941	09:50	MiG-3 Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77
3	19 August 1941	16:00	I-16Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	16	26 September 1941	14:07	I-16Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77
4	22 August 1941	12:25	I-153 Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	Шаблон:Center	3 October 1941	15:21	I-16Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77
5	31 August 1941	06:27	SB-3 Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	17	9 October 1941	13:25Шаблон:Sfn?Шаблон:Refn	R-10 (Seversky)Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77
6	31 August 1941	06:30	SB-3Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	18	9 October 1941	16:20	R-10 (Seversky)Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77
7	31 August 1941	17:25	two-engine bomberШаблон:Sfn?Шаблон:Refn		4./JG 77	19	15 October 1941	14:23	SB-3Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77
8	1 September 1941	17:40	Pe-2 Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	20	23 October 1941	14:58	SB-3Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77
9	19 September 1941	05:55	MiG-3Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	21	2 November 1941	08:03	R-10 (Seversky)Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77
10	20 September 1941	16:17	MiG-3Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	22	17 November 1941	13:36	I-153Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77
11	22 September 1941	15:30	MiG-3Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	23	27 November 1941	10:10	I-16Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77
12	22 September 1941	15:35	MiG-3Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	24	27 November 1941	11:56	DB-3Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77
13	23 September 1941	17:12	I-15Шаблон:Sfn?Шаблон:Refn		4./JG 77	Шаблон:Center?Шаблон:Refn	27 November 1941	Шаблон:Center	unknownШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77
– Claims with Jagdgeschwader 77 on the Eastern Front –Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn 17 March – 30 April 1942
25	17 March 1942	14:47	I-153Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	28	19 March 1942	10:35	I-153Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77
26	19 March 1942	08:31	Pe-2Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	29	18 April 1942	14:50	I-16Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77
27	19 March 1942	10:25	I-153		4./JG 77	30	21 April 1942	16:35?Шаблон:Refn	TB-3 Шаблон:Sfn?^{[Note 1]}		4./JG 77
– Claims with Jagdgeschwader 77 on the Eastern Front –Шаблон:Sfn Kerch, Sevastopol, Izium — May/June 1942
31	1 May 1942	07:50	MiG-1Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	43	17 May 1942	08:23	I-153Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77
32	1 May 1942	07:55	MiG-1Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	44	17 May 1942	13:26	I-16Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77
33	1 May 1942	12:24	MiG-1Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	45	20 May 1942	15:53	MiG-1	PQ 35364, Sevastopol Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
34	3 May 1942	04:53	I-153Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	46	2 June 1942	15:57	DB-3Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77
35	3 May 1942	07:00	I-153Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	47	5 June 1942	09:25	I-153Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77
36	8 May 1942	07:05	I-153Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	48	6 June 1942	19:30	LaGG-3 Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77
37	9 May 1942	12:31	I-153Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	49	9 June 1942	13:07	I-16Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77
38	9 May 1942	12:35	I-153Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	50	9 June 1942	16:28	I-16Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77
39	11 May 1942	17:36	DB-3Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	51	9 June 1942	19:12	I-15Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77
40	13 May 1942	15:23	LaGG-3Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	52	13 June 1942	06:23	LaGG-3Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77
41	13 May 1942	15:26	LaGG-3Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	53	13 June 1942	12:27	MiG-1Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77
42	13 May 1942	15:40	R-5Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77
– Claims with Jagdgeschwader 77 on the Eastern Front –Шаблон:Sfn 28 June – 7 November 1942
54	7 July 1942	03:52	Il-2 Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	79♠Шаблон:Refn	17 July 1942	18:42	Il-2Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77
55	7 July 1942	14:54	Yak-1Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	80	19 July 1942	06:24	Pe-2Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77
56	8 July 1942	04:25	Hurricane Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	81	19 July 1942	06:35	Pe-2Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77
57	8 July 1942	04:30	HurricaneШаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	82	19 July 1942	06:38	Il-2Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77
58	8 July 1942	04:33	HurricaneШаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	83	5 September 1942	17:20	Il-2	PQ 82141Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
59	8 July 1942	17:05	MiG-1	PQ 85851Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77	84	5 September 1942	17:23	LaGG-3	PQ 82124Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
60	9 July 1942	16:17	LaGG-3Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	85	5 September 1942	17:27?Шаблон:Refn	LaGG-3	PQ 82154Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
61	10 July 1942	17:54	Yak-1	north of Voronezh Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77	86	9 September 1942	15:12	Pe-2	PQ 92734Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
62	10 July 1942	17:56	Yak-1	north of VoronezhШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77	87	11 September 1942	06:18	Boston	PQ 92514Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
63	11 July 1942	05:28?Шаблон:Refn	LaGG-3Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	88	11 September 1942	06:21	Boston	PQ 92394Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
64	11 July 1942	05:30	LaGG-3Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	89	12 September 1942	15:55	LaGG-3	PQ 92592Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
65	11 July 1942	06:05	Yak-4Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	90	12 September 1942	16:00	LaGG-3	PQ 92341Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
66	12 July 1942	05:26	P-40Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	91?Шаблон:Refn	13 September 1942	13:42	Yak-1Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77
67	14 July 1942	06:43	P-39 Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	92	15 September 1942	10:10	Yak-1	PQ 92513Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
68	14 July 1942	06:46	P-39Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	93	15 September 1942	13:58?Шаблон:Refn	Yak-1	PQ 92383Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
69	14 July 1942	06:49	P-39Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	94	16 September 1942	06:41?Шаблон:Refn	Il-2	PQ 92373Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
70	16 July 1942	17:58	Yak-1Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	95	16 September 1942	06:43?Шаблон:Refn	Il-2	PQ 92373Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
71	16 July 1942	18:05	Yak-1Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	96	16 September 1942	06:48?Шаблон:Refn	Hurricane	PQ 92354, VoronezhШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
72♠	17 July 1942	04:20	Il-2Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	97	16 September 1942	06:51	Hurricane	PQ 92411Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
73♠	17 July 1942	04:22	Il-2Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	98	30 September 1942	15:13	Yak-1	PQ 93474Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
?Шаблон:Refn	17 July 1942	04:58	Pe-2Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	99	2 October 1942	06:46	Pe-2	PQ 92362Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
74♠	17 July 1942	06:34	Pe-2Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	100	3 October 1942	14:11	Il-2	PQ 92324Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
75♠	17 July 1942	06:42	Il-2Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	101	3 October 1942	14:14	Il-2	PQ 92142Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
76♠	17 July 1942	06:54	LockheedШаблон:Sfn?Шаблон:Refn		4./JG 77	102	3 October 1942	14:17	Yak-1	PQ 93824Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
77♠	17 July 1942	18:35	Il-2Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77	103	3 October 1942	14:20	Yak-1	PQ 93722Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
78♠	17 July 1942	18:40	Il-2Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77
– Claims with Jagdgeschwader 77 in North Africa –Шаблон:Sfn
104	2 January 1943	15:07	P-40	Шаблон:Convert west-southwest of Buerat Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77	131♠	13 March 1943	17:44?Шаблон:Refn	P-39?^{[Note 2]}	Шаблон:Convert west-southwest of Sfax Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
105	7 January 1943	15:07	Spitfire	Шаблон:Convert south-southeast of BueratШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77	132♠	13 March 1943	17:48	P-39	Шаблон:Convert southeast of La FauconnerieШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
106♠	11 January 1943	09:21	Spitfire	Шаблон:Convert northwest of BueratШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77	133♠	13 March 1943	17:56	P-39	Шаблон:Convert southeast of La FauconnerieШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
107♠	11 January 1943	09:24	Spitfire	Шаблон:Convert northwest of BueratШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77	134♠	13 March 1943	17:56	P-39	Шаблон:Convert southeast of La FauconnerieШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
108♠	11 January 1943	09:27	P-40	Шаблон:Convert northwest of BueratШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77	135♠	13 March 1943	18:00	P-39	Шаблон:Convert northwest of Maknassy Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
109♠	11 January 1943	14:55?Шаблон:Refn	Spitfire	Шаблон:Convert southwest of BueratШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77	136?^{[Note 3]}	26 March 1943	10:36	Spitfire	southeast of Mareth Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
110♠	11 January 1943	14:56	Spitfire	Шаблон:Convert southwest of BueratШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77	137	29 March 1943	09:22	P-40	Шаблон:Convert southwest of La FauconnerieШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
111	18 January 1943	14:17	P-38	Шаблон:Convert south-southwest of ʽAziziya Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77	Шаблон:Center?Шаблон:Refn	29 March 1943	09:26	P-40	southwest of La FauconnerieШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
112	19 January 1943	16:05?Шаблон:Refn	B-24	Шаблон:Convert southeast of Castel Benito Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77	Шаблон:Center?Шаблон:Refn	29 March 1943	Шаблон:Center	P-40Шаблон:Sfn		4./JG 77
113	20 January 1943	11:30	P-40	Шаблон:Convert east of Tarhuna Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77	138	30 March 1943	09:10	Boston	Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of MaknassyШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
114	20 January 1943	11:34	P-40	Шаблон:Convert east of TarhunaШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77	139	30 March 1943	09:15	Boston	Шаблон:Convert southeast of Sbeitla Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
115	5 February 1943	15:03	P-40	Шаблон:Convert northwest of Ben Gardane Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77	140♠	1 April 1943	10:32	Spitfire	Шаблон:Convert southwest of La FauconnerieШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
116	5 February 1943	15:07	P-40	Шаблон:Convert east of Ben GardaneШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77	141♠	1 April 1943	10:37	Spitfire	Шаблон:Convert northwest of La FauconnerieШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
117	23 February 1943	13:50	Spitfire	Шаблон:Convert northwest of Thala Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77	142♠	1 April 1943	10:40	Spitfire	Шаблон:Convert northwest of La FauconnerieШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
118	23 February 1943	16:48	P-40	Шаблон:Convert east of Kasserine Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77	143♠	1 April 1943	18:06	Spitfire	Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of El Guettar Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
119	26 February 1943	13:56	P-40	Шаблон:Convert northeast of Gabès Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77	144♠	1 April 1943	18:08	Spitfire	Шаблон:Convert east-northeast of El GuettarШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
120	26 February 1943	13:58	P-40	Шаблон:Convert southeast of GabèsШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77	145	4 April 1943	14:28	P-40	Шаблон:Convert northwest of La FauconnerieШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
121	26 February 1943	14:03	P-40	Шаблон:Convert northeast of Zarat Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77	146	4 April 1943	14:31	P-40	Шаблон:Convert northwest of La FauconnerieШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
122	26 February 1943	14:08	P-40	Шаблон:Convert northwest of Ajim Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77	147	4 April 1943	14:42?Шаблон:Refn	P-40	Шаблон:Convert north of La FauconnerieШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
123	27 February 1943	11:32	P-40	PQ 03 Ost 04144Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77	148	16 April 1943	15:49	P-51?Шаблон:Refn	Шаблон:Convert north of Cape Bon Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
124	27 February 1943	11:35	P-40	Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of GabèsШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77	149	19 April 1943	08:32	P-51?^{[Note 4]}	Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Tunis Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
125	1 March 1943	15:02	Boston	Шаблон:Convert southeast of Thélepte Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77	150	25 April 1943	13:02	P-39	Шаблон:Convert northeast of Majaz al Bab Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
126	1 March 1943	15:07	P-38	Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of ThélepteШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77	151	25 April 1943	18:47	Spitfire	Шаблон:Convert south of ReyvilleШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
127	1 March 1943	15:09?Шаблон:Refn	P-38	Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of ThélepteШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77	152	6 May 1943	10:55	Spitfire	northwest of Hammamet Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
128	7 March 1943	12:18	Spitfire	Шаблон:Convert southeast of Medenine Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77	153	8 May 1943	16:27	Martlet	northeast of Zembra Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
129	7 March 1943	14:54	Spitfire	Шаблон:Convert southeast of MedenineШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77	Шаблон:Center?Шаблон:Refn	8 May 1943	Шаблон:Center	Martlet	northeast of ZembraШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
130♠	13 March 1943	14:42	P-40	Шаблон:Convert southwest of GabèsШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
– Claims with Jagdgeschwader 77 in Sicily –Шаблон:Sfn
154	7 August 1943	11:45	P-40	Шаблон:Convert northwest of Palmi Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77	160	18 August 1943	19:19	P-40	PQ 13 Ost 59694, northeast of Milazzo Шаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
155	7 August 1943	11:54	P-40	Шаблон:Convert west of PalmiШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77	161	18 August 1943	19:21	P-40	PQ 13 Ost 59694, Шаблон:Convert south of PalmiШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
156	12 August 1943	16:08?Шаблон:Refn	Spitfire	PQ 13 Ost 59534, north of MilazzoШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77	162?^{[Note 3]}	22 October 1943	11:50	B-25 Шаблон:Sfn		3./JG 77
157	13 August 1943	10:45	P-40	Шаблон:Convert west of PalmiШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77	163?^{[Note 3]}	6 November 1943	11:12	P-40Шаблон:Sfn		3./JG 77
158	13 August 1943	10:54	P-40	Шаблон:Convert northwest of MilazzoШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77	164?^{[Note 3]}	7 December 1943	15:10	SpitfireШаблон:Sfn		1./JG 77
159	13 August 1943	10:55	P-40	Шаблон:Convert north of MilazzoШаблон:Sfn	4./JG 77
– Claims with Jagdgeschwader 27 in defense of the Reich –Шаблон:Sfn
165	24 April 1944	13:39	B-17*	southwest Munich Шаблон:Sfn	1./JG 27
– Claims with Jagdgeschwader 27 in defense of the Invasion –Шаблон:Sfn
166	28 May 1944	14:29	P-51	Dessau Шаблон:Sfn	12./JG 27	168	2 July 1944	15:12	P-47	Шаблон:Convert west Orne estuary Шаблон:Sfn	12./JG 27
167	29 May 1944	09:54	P-51	Sankt Pölten Шаблон:Sfn	12./JG 27	169	4 July 1944	18:12	Spitfire	Шаблон:Convert southeast Caen Шаблон:Sfn	12./JG 27
Шаблон:Center	27 June 1944	15:45	P-51	west CaenШаблон:Sfn	12./JG 27
– Claims with Jagdgeschwader 27 in defense of the Reich –Шаблон:Sfn
170	2 November 1944	12:50	P-51	Eilenburg Шаблон:Sfn	12./JG 27	172	27 December 1944	11:05	Auster	Eupen Шаблон:Sfn	12./JG 27
171	26 November 1944	11:40	P-51	Porta Westfalica Шаблон:Sfn	12./JG 27

Awards

Wound Badge in SilverШаблон:Sfn
Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe for Fighter Pilots
- in Gold (28 September 1941)Шаблон:Sfn
- in Gold with Pennant (18 March 1943)Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Refn
Combined Pilots-Observation Badge Шаблон:Sfn
Iron Cross (1939)
- 2nd Class (31 July 1941)Шаблон:Sfn
- 1st Class (29 September 1941)Шаблон:Sfn
Honour Goblet of the Luftwaffe (Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe) on 16 February 1942 as Unteroffizier and pilotШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Refn
German Cross in Gold on 18 May 1942 as Unteroffizier in the II./Jagdgeschwader 77Шаблон:Sfn
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
- Knight's Cross on 1 July 1942 as Unteroffizier and pilot in the 4./Jagdgeschwader 77Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn
- 131st Oak Leaves on 7 October 1942 as Feldwebel and pilot in the 4./Jagdgeschwader 77Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Refn
- 130th Swords on 1 February 1945 as Oberleutnant and Staffelkapitän of the 12./Jagdgeschwader 27Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Refn

Dates of rank

Wehrmacht
1 December 1940:	Unteroffizier (corporal)Шаблон:Sfn
1 May 1942:	Feldwebel (staff sergeant)Шаблон:Sfn
1 April 1943:	Leutnant (second lieutenant)Шаблон:Sfn
1 August 1944:	Oberleutnant (first lieutenant)Шаблон:Sfn
23 February 1945:	Hauptmann (captain), backdated to 1 January 1945Шаблон:Sfn
Bundeswehr
1 March 1959:	Major (major)Шаблон:Sfn
1 March 1971:	Oberstleutnant (lieutenant colonel)Шаблон:Sfn

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

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Шаблон:Top German World War II Aces

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