Английская Википедия:Ernst Düllberg

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Ernst Düllberg (28 March 1913 – 27 July 1984) was a former German Luftwaffe fighter ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II. Ernst Düllberg was credited with 45 victories in 650 combat missions, 36 over Western Front and 9 victories over the Eastern Front.

Career

Düllberg was born on 28 March 1913 in Unna, at the time in the Province of Westphalia within the German Empire.Шаблон:Sfn In mid-1936, he joined the military service of the Luftwaffe. In November 1937, Düllberg attended the flight school in Celle.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Refn In August 1939, he was posted to the 2. Staffel (2nd squadron) of Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe Merseburg, a supplementary training unit stationed at Merseburg, where newly trained fighter pilots received instruction from pilots with combat experience. There, Düllberg served as an instructor. In July 1940, he was transferred to Jagdgeschwader 27 (JG 27—27th Fighter Wing) where he was assigned to 8. Staffel.Шаблон:Sfn On 1 August, Düllberg shot down the Bristol Blenheim bomber R2774 from the Royal Air Force (RAF) No. 236 Squadron.Шаблон:Sfn

Battle of Britain and squadron leader

On 5 August 1940, II. Gruppe (2nd group) of JG 27 was ordered to an airfield at Crépon, France for combat in the Battle of Britain. During this battle, JG 27 was subordinated to the VIII. Fliegerkorps (8th Air Corps). On 8 August, the Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) Hauptmann Werner Andres was shot down. Although rescued, his injuries prevented him from leading the Gruppe. In consequence, Düllberg was briefly put in command until Hauptmann Wolfgang Lippert officially assumed command on 4 September.Шаблон:Sfn In parallel, Düllberg was also appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 5. Staffel of JG 27. He replaced Hauptmann Albrecht von Ankum-Frank who had been killed in a crash landing on 2 August.Шаблон:Sfn On 18 August, also known as the Hardest Day, Düllberg led the Gruppe on a Junkers Ju 87 dive bomber escort mission to Thorney Island. Near the Isle of Wight, the flight was intercepted by two squadrons of Hawker Hurricane fighters, shortly after Supermarine Spitfire engaged too. During this encounter, I. Gruppe of Sturzkampfgeschwader 77 (StG 77—77th Dive Bomber Wing) suffered heavy losses while Düllberg claimed one of the Hurricanes shot down.Шаблон:Sfn

North African Campaign

Following the withdrawal from the Eastern Front, II. Gruppe arrived at Döberitz, located approximately Шаблон:Convert west of Staaken, on 24 July. Here, the Gruppe was equipped with the Messerschmitt Bf 109 F-4 and prepared for combat in the North African campaign. On 24 September, 5. Staffel under command of Düllberg began the relocation, arriving at Ayn al-Ġazāla on 1 October.Шаблон:Sfn Düllberg claimed his first aerial victory in North Africa on 5 October. That day, 5. Staffel deployed to a makeshift airfield near Gambut, flying multiple missions from Gambut before returning to Ayn al-Ġazāla that evening. At 09:20, Düllberg led a flight of three Bf 109s on a combat air patrol to Sidi Omar where they engaged in aerial combat with four Hurricanes. During this melee, Düllberg claimed one of two Hurricane fighters shot down.Шаблон:Sfn The Hurricanes belonged to the RAF No. 33 Squadron. Both pilots were captured and taken prisoner of war.Шаблон:Sfn On 22 October, Düllberg shot down the Curtiss P-40 Tomahawk AN230 from the South African Air Force (SAAF) 2 Squadron. The pilot, Lieutenant Denis Hubert Byrne Sturman was killed in action.Шаблон:Sfn In preparation for Operation Crusader, Allied air operations targeted the Axis supply lines into North Africa and the airfields in the Cyrenaica. On 12 November, 5. Staffel engaged in aerial combat with P-40s in the area between Sollum and Bardia, claiming three aerial victories, one of which by Düllberg.Шаблон:Sfn Allied units lost five aircraft that day, a P-40 belonging to the SAAF 4 Squadron, a Hurricane of the SAAF 40 Squadron, two Hurricanes of the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) No. 451 Squadron, and a Hurricane from the No. 2 Photographic Reconnaissance Unit.Шаблон:Sfn

On 22 November 1941, Düllberg was wounded in aerial combat south of Sidi Rezegh resulting in a forced landing in his Bf 109 F-4 trop (Werknummer 8466—factory number).Шаблон:Sfn After the war it was established that Düllberg's aircraft was hit by Alan Rawlinson.Шаблон:Sfn His Bf 109 was hit in the cockpit. Although severely injured, Düllberg flew his damaged aircraft back to the airfield at Ayn al-Ġazāla. He was immediately flown to Athens on a Junkers Ju 52. He was then sent on home-leave for further treatment and a period of convalescence. Düllberg returned to his unit in early February 1942.Шаблон:Sfn

Adjutant and group commander

On 20 May 1942, Düllberg was succeeded by Oberleutnant Ernst Börngen as commander of 5. Staffel of JG 27.Шаблон:Sfn Düllberg was then transffered and made Geschwaderadjutant, the adjutant to the wing commander of JG 27 on 26 May. He held this position until 16 October 1942.Шаблон:Sfn On 11 October, Düllberg was appointed Gruppenkommandeur of III. Gruppe of JG 27. He succeeded Hauptmann Erhard Braune who was transferred.Шаблон:Sfn

Wing commander

On 30 September 1944, Düllberg was appointed Geschwaderkommodore (wing commander) of Jagdgeschwader 76 (JG 76—76th Fighter Wing). Command of III. Gruppe of JG 27 was then temporarily transferred to Oberleutnant Franz Stigler.Шаблон:Sfn Command of JG 76 was transferred from Major Anton Hackl on 7 October. In mid-October, JG 76 was transferred from Freiburg to the southeastern sector of the Eastern Front and placed under the command of Luftflotte 4 (Air Fleet 4).Шаблон:Sfn

Later life

Düllberg died on 27 July 1984 at the age of Шаблон:Age in Essen, West Germany.Шаблон:Sfn

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to Obermaier, Düllberg was credited with 45 aerial victories claimed in approximately 650 combat missions. This figure includes nine aerial victories on the Eastern Front and 36 over the Western Allies, including ten four-engined bombers.Шаблон:Sfn Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and states that he was credited 43 aerial victory claims, plus four further unconfirmed claims. This figure includes nine aerial victories on the Eastern Front and another 34 on the Western Front, including nine four-engined bombers.Шаблон:Sfn

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 94 Ost N/AU". The Luftwaffe grid map (Шаблон:Lang) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about Шаблон:Convert. These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area Шаблон:Convert in size.Шаблон:Sfn

Chronicle of aerial victories
Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location	Unit	Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location	Unit
– Claims with III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 27 – On the Channel Front – 26 June – August 1940
1?Шаблон:Refn	1 August 1940	16:45	Blenheim	vicinity of CherbourgШаблон:Sfn	8./JG 27
– Claims with II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 27 –Шаблон:Sfn On the Channel Front – August – 10 November 1940
2	18 August 1940	15:27	Hurricane	Selsey BillШаблон:Sfn	5./JG 27	5	30 September 1940	17:50	Hurricane	LondonШаблон:Sfn	5./JG 27
3	30 August 1940	12:15	Spitfire	AshfordШаблон:Sfn	5./JG 27	6	7 October 1940	14:45	Hurricane	LondonШаблон:Sfn	5./JG 27
Шаблон:Center	6 September 1940	Шаблон:Center	SpitfireШаблон:Sfn		5./JG 27	Шаблон:Center	28 October 1940	Шаблон:Center	SpitfireШаблон:Sfn		5./JG 27
4	27 September 1940	10:17	Hurricane	Biggin HillШаблон:Sfn	5./JG 27
– Claims with II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 27 –Шаблон:Sfn Operation Barbarossa – 22 June – 19 July 1941
7	25 June 1941	12:31	DB-3	southwest of VilniusШаблон:Sfn	5./JG 27
– Claims with II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 27 –Шаблон:Sfn In North Africa — September 1941 – 20 May 1942
8	5 October 1941	09:40	Hurricane	north of Sidi OmarШаблон:Sfn	5./JG 27	12	12 February 1942	13:25	Hurricane	Шаблон:Convert north of TobrukШаблон:Sfn	5./JG 27
9	22 October 1941	12:00	P-40	east of Sidi OmarШаблон:Sfn	5./JG 27	Шаблон:Center?Шаблон:Refn	27 March 1942	Шаблон:Center	P-40		5./JG 27
10	12 November 1941	15:44	P-40	east-northeast of BardiaШаблон:Sfn	5./JG 27	13	11 April 1942	10:54	P-40	east-southeast of Sidi-el-MansurШаблон:Sfn	5./JG 27
11	9 February 1942	09:58	P-40	southeast of MartubaШаблон:Sfn	5./JG 27	14	20 April 1942	11:55	P-40	Шаблон:Convert south of GambutШаблон:Sfn	5./JG 27
– Claims with the Stab of Jagdgeschwader 27 – In North Africa — 26 May – 16 October 1942
15	13 July 1942	18:48	Hurricane	Шаблон:Convert southwest of El AlameinШаблон:Sfn	Stab/JG 27
– Claims with III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 27 – In North Africa — 16 October – November 1942
16	20 October 1942	09:25	P-46	east of El DabaaШаблон:Sfn	Stab III./JG 27	17	25 October 1942	08:40	P-46	northwest of El AlameinШаблон:Sfn	Stab III./JG 27
– Claims with III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 27 – Mediterranean theater — February – December 1943
18	28 September 1943	16:08	Spitfire	Шаблон:Convert south of KardamainaШаблон:Sfn	Stab III./JG 27	23	6 December 1943	12:55	B-17	west of MilosШаблон:Sfn	Stab III./JG 27
19	30 September 1943	14:40	Walrus	Strait of LerosШаблон:Sfn	Stab III./JG 27	24	13 December 1943	08:18	Baltimore	south of GeorgiosШаблон:Sfn	Stab III./JG 27
20	5 October 1943	12:55	B-24	Шаблон:Convert west of LidorikiШаблон:Sfn	Stab III./JG 27	25	14 December 1943	10:55	B-17	east of TatoiШаблон:Sfn	Stab III./JG 27
21	14 November 1943	13:35	Beaufighter	northeast of LerosШаблон:Sfn	Stab III./JG 27	26	20 December 1943	12:39	B-17	EleusisШаблон:Sfn	Stab III./JG 27
22	16 November 1943	12:30	Beaufighter	east of LevithaШаблон:Sfn	Stab III./JG 27	27	20 December 1943	12:50	B-17	north-northwest of MegaraШаблон:Sfn	Stab III./JG 27
– Claims with III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 27 – Defense of the Reich — 1 March – 6 June 1944
28	2 April 1944	10:34	B-24	southwest of WolfsbergШаблон:Sfn	Stab III./JG 27	31	24 May 1944	10:15	B-24	Шаблон:Convert north of Bruck an der MurШаблон:Sfn	Stab III./JG 27
29	23 April 1944	13:40	B-24	west of VeszprémШаблон:Sfn	Stab III./JG 27	32	29 May 1944	09:50	B-24	Шаблон:Convert southeast of MarkersdorfШаблон:Sfn	Stab III./JG 27
30	12 May 1944	12:35	B-17	Шаблон:Convert northeast of FrankfurtШаблон:Sfn	Stab III./JG 27
– Claims with III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 27 – In defense of the Normandy Invasion — 6 June – 30 September 1944
33	10 June 1944	14:30	P-47	northeast of LisieuxШаблон:Sfn	Stab III./JG 27	35	17 August 1944	19:07	Typhoon	PQ 94 Ost N/AU, vicinity of FlersШаблон:Sfn	Stab III./JG 27
34	6 July 1944	06:25	P-47	Шаблон:Convert northeast of LisieuxШаблон:Sfn	Stab III./JG 27	36	18 August 1944	19:25	P-51	Шаблон:Convert west of LaignevilleШаблон:Sfn	Stab III./JG 27
– Claims with the Stab of Jagdgeschwader 76 – Eastern Front — November 1944 – May 1945
37	4 November 1944	14:45	Yak-9Шаблон:Sfn		Stab JG 76
According to Mathews and Foreman, his last seven aerial victories claimed on the Eastern Front were not documented.Шаблон:Sfn

Awards

• Iron Cross (1939) 2nd and 1st ClassШаблон:Sfn
• German Cross in Gold on 16 January 1944 as Major in the III./Jagdgeschwader 27Шаблон:Sfn
• Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 27 July 1944 as Major and Gruppenkommandeur of the III./Jagdgeschwader 27Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

References

Bibliography

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