Английская Википедия:Eschrichtiidae

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Automatic taxobox

Eschrichtiidae or the gray whales is a family of baleen whale (Parvorder Mysticeti) with a single extant species, the gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus), as well as three described fossil genera: Archaeschrichtius and Eschrichtioides from the Miocene and Pliocene of Italy respectively,[1] and Gricetoides from the Pliocene of North Carolina.[2] More recent phylogenetic studies have found this family to be invalid, with its members nesting inside the Balaenopteridae.[3][4] The names of the extant genus and the family honours Danish zoologist Daniel Eschricht.[5]

Taxonomy

In his morphological analysis, Шаблон:Harvnb found that eschrichtiids and Cetotheriidae (Cetotherium, Mixocetus and Metopocetus) form a monophyletic sister group of Balaenopteridae.[6]

A specimen from the Late Pliocene of northern Italy, named "Cetotherium" gastaldii by Шаблон:Harvnb[7] and renamed "Balaenoptera" gastaldii by Шаблон:Harvnb, was identified as a basal eschrichtiid by Шаблон:Harvnb who recombined it to Eschrichtioides gastaldii.[8][9]

Шаблон:Harvnb found that the gray whale is phylogenetically distinct from rorquals and that previous morphological studies were correct in the conclusion that the evolution of gulp feeding was a single event in the rorqual lineage.[10] In contrast, multiple later studies found the gray whale to fall within the family Balaenopteridae, being more derived than the minke whales but basal to all other members in the family, and reclassified it in Balaenopteridae; the American Society of Mammalogists has followed this classification.[3][4][11]

Evolution

Fossils of Eschrichtiidae have been found in all major oceanic basins in the Northern Hemisphere, and the family is believed date back to the Late Miocene.[8] Today, gray whales are only present in the northern Pacific, but a population was also present in the northern Atlantic before being driven to extinction by European whalers three centuries ago.[12]

Fossil eschrichtiids from before the Holocene are rare compared to other fossil mysticetes. The only Pleistocene fossil from the Pacific referred to E. eschrichtius is a partial skeleton and an associated skull from California, estimated to be about 200 thousand years old. However, a late Pliocene fossil from Hokkaido, Japan, referred to Eschrichtius sp. is estimated to be Шаблон:Mya and a similar unnamed fossil has been reported from California.[8]

In their description of Archaeschrichtius ruggieroi from the late Miocene of Italy, Шаблон:Harvnb argued that eschrichtiids most likely originated in the Mediterranean Basin about Шаблон:Mya and remained there, either permanently or intermittently, at least until the Early Pliocene (5–3 Mya),[13] (but see Messinian salinity crisis.)

References

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

Sources

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

External links

Шаблон:Cetacea Шаблон:Portal bar Шаблон:Taxonbar Шаблон:Authority control

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 Шаблон:Harvnb
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
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