Английская Википедия:Esther Ouwehand

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Esther Ouwehand (Шаблон:IPA; born 10 June 1976) is a Dutch politician and former marketing manager serving as leader of the Party for the Animals (Шаблон:Lang-nl, PvdD) and its parliamentary group in the House of Representatives since 2019. She has been a member of the House of Representatives since the 2006 election with two interruptions.

Biography

Personal life

Esther Ouwehand went to secondary school in Katwijk, where she finished her vwo (Dutch pre-university education). She studied "Policy, communication and organisation" (Шаблон:Lang-nl) at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, which she did not finish.[1][2]

She was raised a Protestant but is currently an agnostic. She is vegan.[3]

Dutch webzine Lords of Metal conducted an interview with Esther Ouwehand in which she told about her deep rooted passion for hard rock and heavy metal music, in particular stoner metal.[4]

Career

Initially, she did not consider a career in politics. She left a promising career in marketing, being junior marketing manager for youth magazines at Sanoma. She has additional functions as a committee member for youth centre "De Schuit" and the foundation "Factor Welzijn" in Katwijk.

Party for the Animals

She joined the Party for the Animals in October 2002 and became the party's co-ordinator in 2004. She was responsible for the management of the party's headquarters. She also co-authored the 2006 electoral program "220x liever..".

The general elections of 2006 were considered a great success for the party. The party gained 179,988 votes (1.8%), enough for two seats in the Dutch parliament. The party became the world's first party to gain parliamentary seats with an agenda focused primarily on animal rights.[5]

She was second on the election list, right after party chairwoman Marianne Thieme. Consequently, she became a member of parliament, even though she received a total of 4.370 write-in votes, about a hundred less than lijstduwer Kees van Kooten, who received 4.479 votes.[6] She was sworn in on 30 November 2006.

Contrary to her wishes she was not initially placed on the election list for the general elections of 2010, but the party members voted her on the second place, so she became re-elected.

Ouwehand temporarily resigned from the House on 17 November 2015 for health reasons and was replaced by Frank Wassenberg.[7] She returned to the House on 18 October 2016.[8][9]

On 8 October 2019, Ouwehand succeeded Marianne Thieme as parliamentary leader of the PvdD upon Thieme's retirement from the House of Representatives.[10] She was the leader of the party in the 2021 House of Representatives elections.[11] On October 11, 2022, she temporarily resigned her duties as MP and group chairman due to overwork,[12] returning to the House of Representatives on February 2, 2023.

Electoral history

Шаблон:Sronly
Year Body Party Шаблон:Abbr Votes Result Шаблон:Abbr.
Party seats Individual
2006 House of Representatives style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color;"| Party for the Animals 2 4,370 2 Шаблон:Yes2 [13]
2009 European Parliament style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color;"| Party for the Animals 14 2,135 0 Шаблон:No2
2010 House of Representatives style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color;"| Party for the Animals 2 12,713 2 Шаблон:Yes2 [14]
2012 House of Representatives style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color;"| Party for the Animals 2 11,573 2 Шаблон:Yes2 [15]
2014 Leiden Municipal Council style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color;"| Party for the Animals 13 129 1 Шаблон:No2
2014 European Parliament style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color;"| Party for the Animals 12 3,292 1 Шаблон:No2
2015 Provincial Council of South Holland style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color;"| Party for the Animals 19 2 Шаблон:No2
2017 House of Representatives style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color;"| Party for the Animals 2 18,936 5 Шаблон:Yes2 [16]
2018 Leiden Municipal Council style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color;"| Party for the Animals 10 357 3 Шаблон:No2
2019 Provincial Council of South Holland style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color;"| Party for the Animals 20 3,013 2 Шаблон:No2
2019 European Parliament style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color;"| Party for the Animals 20 11,215 1 Шаблон:No2
2021 House of Representatives style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color;"| Party for the Animals 1 282,525 6 Шаблон:Yes2 [17]
2023 House of Representatives style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color;"| Party for the Animals 1 160,460 3 Шаблон:Yes2 [18]

Bibliography

  • 220x liever voor mens, dier, natuur en milieu: Verkiezingsprogramma Partij voor de Dieren, Tweede Kamerverkiezingen 2006. Esther Ouwehand c.s., Amsterdam, October 2006 [19]

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 2023–present Шаблон:Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 2021–2023 Шаблон:Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 2017–2021 Шаблон:Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 2012–2017 Шаблон:Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 2010–2012 Шаблон:Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 2006-2010

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite webШаблон:Dead link
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  19. ↑ Шаблон:In lang Election 2006 manifesto Шаблон:Webarchive
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