Английская Википедия:Eucalyptus obliqua

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Файл:Eucalyptus obliqua buds.jpg

Flowers and fruit

Eucalyptus obliqua, commonly known as messmate stringybark or messmate, but also known as brown top, brown top stringbark, stringybark or Tasmanian oak, is a species of tree that is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It has rough, stringy or fibrous bark on the trunk and larger branches, smooth greyish bark on the thinnest branches, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven to fifteen or more, white flowers and cup-shaped or barrel-shaped fruit.

Description

Eucalyptus obliqua is a tree that typically grows to a height of Шаблон:Cvt or sometimes a mallee and forms a lignotuber. The trunk is up to Шаблон:Cvt in diameter and has thick, rough, stringy or fibrous bark. Branches more than Шаблон:Cvt in diameter have stringy bark and thinner branches have smooth greenish or greyish bark. Young plants and coppice regrowth have glossy green, broadly egg-shaped to lance-shaped leaves that are Шаблон:Cvt long and Шаблон:Cvt wide. Adult leaves are the same shade of glossy green on both sides, lance-shaped to curved, Шаблон:Cvt long and Шаблон:Cvt wide on a petiole Шаблон:Cvt long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of between seven and fifteen or more on an unbranched peduncle Шаблон:Cvt long, the individual buds on pedicels Шаблон:Cvt long. Mature buds are oval to club-shaped, Шаблон:Cvt long and Шаблон:Cvt wide with a conical to rounded operculum. Flowering occurs in most months and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, cup-shaped to barrel-shaped capsule Шаблон:Cvt long and Шаблон:Cvt wide with the valves near rim level. The tallest known specimen in Tasmania is Шаблон:Cvt tall. Trees up to Шаблон:Cvt tall have been recorded.

Taxonomy

Eucalyptus obliqua was collected in 1777 by David Nelson and William Anderson during Cook's third expedition, and was the first eucalyptus species to be formally described. The collections were made at Adventure Bay on Bruny Island in what is now Tasmania. The specimens were sent to the British Museum in London, where they were examined by Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle. L'Héritier recognised the specimens as belonging to a new genus which he called Eucalyptus and gave the name Eucalyptus obliqua to the species. The type species is therefore E. obliqua. L'Héritier published the first formal description in 1789 in his book Sertum Anglicum. The specific epithet (obliqua) is from the Latin obliquus ("oblique"), in reference to the leaf bases of unequal length.

Distribution and habitat

Messmate stringybark is widespread in cooler areas of south eastern Australia. It occurs from Kangaroo Island, through southeast South Australia, throughout Victoria and Tasmania, mainly east of the tablelands in New South Wales, with a few populations extending into southern Queensland. Thus the overall range of latitude is 28–43Шаблон:Frac°S. It occurs from sea level up to elevations of Шаблон:Cvt in the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. The climate is humid or subhumid, with temperatures ranging from cool to warm, and annual rainfall ranging from Шаблон:Cvt. Severe winter frosts are common, severe drought extremely uncommon.

It occurs on a wide range of soils in hilly or mountainous areas. In cool mountainous areas it forms open-forest with other Eucalyptus species such as E. fastigata (brown barrel), E. nitens (shining gum), E. cypellocarpa (mountain grey gum), E. viminalis (manna gum) and E. delegatensis (alpine ash).

Uses

One of the most important Australian hardwoods, E. obliqua is often sold with E. regnans (mountain ash) as Victorian ash or Tasmanian oak depending on its origin. It is slightly denser than E. regnans – estimates of density range from Шаблон:Cvt. The sapwood is pale brown, the heartwood light brown. It has an even texture, with straight grains sometimes interlocked, and well-defined rings. Gum veins are common.

The timber has moderate hardness and strength, but low durability. It splits easily, and is easily worked, glued and stained; it is also suitable for steam bending. It is mostly used for pulp production and for construction and manufacture, especially in house building, joinery, flooring, and furniture.

Gallery

• Eucalyptus obliqua in Hospers Grove Maui)

  Eucalyptus obliqua in Hospers Grove Maui)

• Bark on E. obliqua near Blackburn Lake, Box Hill, Melbourne

  Bark on E. obliqua near Blackburn Lake, Box Hill, Melbourne

• Cultivated specimen in Wellington Botanic Garden, New Zealand

  Cultivated specimen in Wellington Botanic Garden, New Zealand

• Tall trees in Galicia, northwest Spain

  Tall trees in Galicia, northwest Spain

See also

• List of Eucalyptus species
• List of superlative trees