Английская Википедия:Eugenia Gertsyk

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Eugenia Gertsyk (Шаблон:Lang-ru, 30 September 1878 O.S./12 October 1878 (N. S.)–20 January 1944)Шаблон:Sfn was a noted Russian translator and literary figure from the Silver Age. Since the demise of the USSR, she has become noted for her memoirs and extensive letter correspondence, which provides a unique glimpse into the interwar years of Russia's past.

Early life

Eugenia Kazimirovna Gertsyk was born on 12 October 1878 in Alexandrov of the Vladimir Governorate in the Russian Empire to Sofia Maximilianovna (née Tidebel) (Шаблон:Lang-ru) and Kasimir Antonovich Lubny-Gertsyk (Шаблон:Lang-ru).Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Her father was descended of an impoverished Polish-Lithuanian noble family and worked as an engineer for the railroad, heading the construction of the Moscow-Yaroslavl line.Шаблон:Sfn Her paternal uncle, Joseph Antonovich Lubny-Gertsyk, built the Baranov Manufacturing plant in the Alexandrovsky District town of Karabanovo. Her paternal aunt, Elena Antonovna Lubny-Gertsyk was married to the painter Lev Lagorio.Шаблон:Sfn Her mother, who died when Gertsyk and her sister, Adelaida, were young children was of German and Swiss heritage, though the family was entirely Russified, they were Lutheran.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn After their mother's death in 1880, Gertsyk's father remarried Eugenia Antonovna Vokach (Шаблон:Lang-ru) and a half-brother Vladimir was born in 1885.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Because of the nature of her father's work, Gertsyk grew up moving often, as her father constructed the rail line. After her birth in Alexandrov, they lived in Moscow then back to Alexandrov, and later Sevastopol and Yuriev-Polsky.Шаблон:Sfn All the children received a broad early education from tutors and governesses, which included the study of five languages encompassing English, French, German, Italian and Polish.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn They also traveled to Europe to experience diverse cultures during their childhood.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Gertsyk went on to further her education studying history and philosophy entering the Bestuzhev Courses in 1901, from which she graduated with honors in 1905.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Career

Gertsyk began her career as a translator, working on translations of writers such as Edward Carpenter, Joris-Karl Huysmans, William James, and Friedrich Nietzsche, among others.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn She also wrote translations with her sister, of the works of Jean-Marie Guyau, Immanuel Kant, and Nietzsche.Шаблон:Sfn She published critical essays and articles, like Бесоискательство в тихом омуте (Unclaimed in a Quiet Pool), published in 1906 in Golden Fleece magazine about Dmitri Merezhkovsky.Шаблон:Sfn In 1906 and again in 1913, she traveled to Rome, describing her impressions in the essay My Rome.Шаблон:Sfn The second trip was made after her conversion from Lutheranism to Russian Orthodoxy in 1911.Шаблон:Sfn She became a close friend of the poet, Vyacheslav Ivanov, defending his classicist style against more modern trends in Russian literatureШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn and wrote an article Религия страдающего Бога (The Religion of the Suffering God) about him.Шаблон:Sfn

Between 1915 and 1917, she lived with her sister Adelaida at her home in Moscow.Шаблон:Sfn During the Russian Revolution the entire family, including her brother, Vladimir and his family, lived in Sudak.Шаблон:Sfn The intellectual community living in the Crimea included such people as the actress Lyudmila Erarskaya, poet Sophia Parnok, composer and musician Alexander Spendiarov, the poet Maximilian Voloshin,Шаблон:Sfn and the threesome, Polyxena Solovyova, her partner, Natalia Manaseina, and Manaseina's husband Mikhail.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn As a group, the intellectual community worked on productions for their own entertainment. Parnok and both Gertsyk sisters wrote verse, Spendiarov wrote songs, and Erarskaya staged plays,Шаблон:Sfn Parnok viewed Gertsyk as a spiritual mother, someone who was helping her mature in her devotion.Шаблон:Sfn Letters exchanged with other intellectuals like Nikolai Berdyaev, who called her the "most remarkable woman of the twentieth century",Шаблон:Sfn and Lydia Berdyaev reflect her philosophical nature and quest to understand man's place in the universe.Шаблон:Sfn

The family home in Moscow was nationalized during the war, forcing the Gertsyk clan to remain in Crimea, despite the desperate conditions and famines.Шаблон:Sfn Her sister died in Sudak in 1925 and the following year, Adelaide's husband Dmitry Evgenievich Zhukovsky was banished to the Vologda Oblast. In 1927, Gertsyk, along with Vladimir, his invalid wife Lyubov Aleksandrovna, and their daughter Veronika moved to the Caucasus. Gertsyk provided the constant care and nursing needed by Lyubov Aleksandrovna, who had polyarthritis, and helped with raising her niece.Шаблон:Sfn They lived in various places, such as Kislovodsk, where they remained for eleven years.Шаблон:Sfn Then they briefly lived in Zelenchuk and Batalpashinsk,Шаблон:Sfn before moving to the Central Chernozem Reserve.Шаблон:Sfn Around this same time, Gertsyk began to write her memoirs in 1936 and continued her wide correspondence with many Russian émigrés.Шаблон:Sfn In 1941, the reserve was evacuated and the family moved to the small village of Zelenaya Steppe. During the Nazi Occupation, which lasted from 1941 to 1943 her sister-in-law died and Gertsyk finished her memoirs.Шаблон:Sfn

Death and legacy

Gertsyk died on 20 January 1944 at a farm in the village of Zelenaya Steppe in the Kursk Oblast.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn During her lifetime, Gertsyk was known for her translations and intellectual salons. She is most known today for her various memoirs and letter collections which have been published and give a unique perspective on life in the interwar period.Шаблон:Sfn A part of her letter exchange with Vera Grinevich is housed in Alexander Solzhenitsyn's House of Russians Abroad.Шаблон:Sfn

Works

References

Citations

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Bibliography

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