Английская Википедия:Eurus

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In Greek mythology, Eurus (Шаблон:Lang-grc) is the god and personification of the east wind, although sometimes he is also said to be southeast specifically.Шаблон:Sfn He is one of the four principal wind gods, the Anemoi, alongside Boreas (north wind), Zephyrus (west wind) and Notus (south wind). His Roman equivalent is the god Vulturnus.

Etymology

The Greek noun Шаблон:Lang refers to the wind that blows from the east.Шаблон:Sfn Its ultimately etymology is not clear, although it has been connected to the Greek words for dawn (Шаблон:Lang-grc) and aura (Шаблон:Lang-grc).Шаблон:Sfn

Early attestation of Eurus and wind-related worship is found in the Mycenaean Greek words Шаблон:Lang (Linear B: Шаблон:Lang) and Шаблон:Lang (Linear B: Шаблон:Lang), that is, "priestess of the winds", found on the KN Fp 1 and KN Fp 13 tablets. In post-Greek Dark Ages times, traces of Eurus's worship as part of the Four Winds is found in Titane in Corinthia where a sanctuary to the Winds stood, Sparta where Eurus was described as the ‘saviour of Sparta,' Coronea where they had an altar, and Attica.

Mythology

Eurus is traditionally the god of the east or south-east wind.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn He has been both described as rain-bringing and a dry type of wind.

Eurus, unlike the three other principal wind gods, is often skipped by ancient authors. He is the only one not to be mentioned by Hesiod at all, who makes the three beneficial winds the children of Eos (the dawn goddess) and Astraeus, and says that all the other, non-beneficial for humanity winds are the sons of Typhon.Шаблон:Sfn Instead of Eurus, Hesiod only speaks of "Argestes" for the fourth, which could also refer to Apeliotes occasionally (the god of the southeast wind).Шаблон:Sfn Similarly, he is the only among the four who does not have an Orphic Hymn sang in his honour. It is thus Nonnus, a fifth century AD author from Panopolis who made Eurus one of the Eos-born wind gods in his Dionysiaca.

Файл:Relief of the wind god Eurus on February 28, 2022.jpg

Eurus relief from the Tower of the Winds in Athens, Greece.

In his few appearances in mythology, Eurus is usually paired with Notus, the south wind, like Zephyrus is paired with Boreas.Шаблон:Sfn Like NotusШаблон:Sfn and unlike Zephyrus/Boreas, Eurus has little to no mythology of his own, and only appears as part of a whole when the Anemoi feature in some tale. Eurus has no known lovers or children.

In the Odyssey the winds seem to dwell on the island of Aeolia, as Zeus has made Aeolus keeper of the winds.Шаблон:Sfn Aeolus receives Odysseus and his crew, and keeps them as guests for a month. As they part, Aeolus gives Odysseus a bag containing all the winds, except for Zephyrus; although warned not to open the bag, Odysseus's crewmates however foolishly open the bag, thinking it to contain some treasure, and set free Eurus along with all the other winds as well, who then blow the ships back to Aeolia.Шаблон:Sfn Sometime later, he and Notus strand Odysseus on Thrinacia, the island of the sun-god Helios, for an entire month, following their departure from the island of Circe.Шаблон:Sfn After Odysseus left Calypso, the sea-god Poseidon in anger let loose all four of them, Eurus included, to cause a storm and raise great waves in order to drown him.Шаблон:Sfn

In the Dionysiaca, he and his confirmed brothers live with their father Astraeus; Eurus serves nectar in cups when Demeter pays a visit.

In the Pergamon Altar, which depicts the battle of the gods against the Giants, Eurus and the other three wind gods are shown in the shape of horses who pull Hera's chariot; traces of their equine form are also found in Quintus Smyrnaeus's works, where they pull Zeus's chariot instead.

Vulturnus

For the Romans, Notus was identified with the god Vulturnus ("he from Vultur", a mountain in Apulia, perhaps related to the world "vulture"), closely associated with dry and warm weather. He was also called Africanus (meaning "he from Africa") occasionally, due to the dry type of east wind the ancients knew.

See also

• Bacab
• Dáinn, Dvalinn, Duneyrr and Duraþrór
• Norðri, Suðri, Austri and Vestri
• Vayu
• List of wind deities

Bibliography

• Шаблон:Cite book in two volumes: (Vol. 1) Шаблон:ISBN; (Vol. 2) Шаблон:ISBN.
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Hesiod, Theogony, in The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
• Homer, The Iliad with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, PhD in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
• Homer; The Odyssey with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, PH.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1919. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Lactantius Placidus, Lactantii Placidi qui dicitur Commentarios in Statii Thebaida it Commentarium in Achilleida recensuit, translated by Ricahrd Jahnke, 1898, B. G. Tevbneri, Lipsiae.
• Шаблон:Cite book Online version at Perseus.tufts project.
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Nonnus, Dionysiaca; translated by Rouse, W H D, III Books XXXVI-XLVIII. Loeb Classical Library No. 346, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1940. Internet Archive.
• Pausanias, Pausanias Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
• Quintus Smyrnaeus, Quintus Smyrnaeus: The Fall of Troy, translated by A.S. Way, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1913. Internet Archive.
• Шаблон:Cite book

External links

• EURUS from the Theoi Project