Английская Википедия:Extension, British Columbia
Шаблон:Use Canadian English Extension is an unincorporated community near the east coast of southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia. The location off BC Highway 19 is about Шаблон:Convert by road northwest of Victoria, and Шаблон:Convert south of Nanaimo.
Discovery
Louis Stark, an African American, lived in today's Colvilletown neighbourhood of south Nanaimo. Many suspected foul play when his body was found at the bottom of a cliff in 1895. One theory claimed he had refused to sell his coal rich land to Dunsmuir coal, desperately seeking new sources to replace its nearly exhausted Wellington mine.[1] Another rumour suggested he was the discoverer of the coal seam[2] on the southern slope of Mt. Benson.Шаблон:Sfn However, after the death, his close neighbour Ephraim (Edward) Hodgson claimed the credit and reward for the discovery.[2] Murder charges against Hodgson were dropped.Шаблон:Sfn
The Mt. Benson seam proved to be an extension of the Wellington one being worked by Dunsmuir, and the location was initially called Wellington Extension.Шаблон:Sfn
Railway
Thwarted in building to Departure Bay, Nanaimo, Dunsmuir in 1897 opened a standard-gauge railway to Oyster Bay, Ladysmith, for loading coal into ships' holds, or for transferring loaded coal cars onto barges.Шаблон:Sfn
Underground at the mine, electric locomotives hauled coal cars over the Шаблон:Convert network. A narrow gauge Шаблон:Convert surface line also operated between pits.Шаблон:Sfn
Travel was free for both workers and others on the three-car passenger trains meeting each shift, which provided an opportunity for family members to spend a day in Ladysmith.Шаблон:Sfn The coal trains ran during the in-between periods.Шаблон:Sfn
In 1931, the underground railway was gutted,Шаблон:Sfn and the railway tracks to Ladysmith lifted.Шаблон:Sfn
Coalmine
By 1899, the mine worked three shifts and produced Шаблон:Convert annually.Шаблон:Sfn A steam hoist hauled the cars up the slag heap for dumping the waste.Шаблон:Sfn
In 1901, 16 miners died in a fire beneath ground. The fire still burning over four months later, the mine was flooded to extinguish the flames. After draining, the bodies were recovered.[3] In 1909, 32 died in an explosion of coal dust or by inhaling the resulting toxic gases.[4]
In 1910, Sir William Mackenzie purchased all the Dunsmuir mines through his Canadian Collieries (Dunsmuir).[5] Peak production was 1908–1912, but strikes plagued 1912–1913. In August 1913, strikers destroyed company property and strikebreakers' homes, especially evident in the Chinatown neighbourhood. The BC government declared martial law, sending in troops to restore order and escort strikebreakers to work. Having yielded eight million tons of coal, final closure came in 1931,Шаблон:Sfn but unionization in Vancouver Island mines was not restored until 1938.[6]
After 1931, Canadian Collieries leased out small unworked areas around abandoned mines to private contractors. Employing about 35 miners, the Beban mine was one of the larger operations.[7] To the west, this mine operated 1935–1941, extracting Шаблон:Convert. Most flooding came from breaching into the old Extension Mine where Beban also sourced its coal. In a 1937 flood, three drowned.[8]
Throughout the 1930s, while surviving the Great Depression, some residents entered up to Шаблон:Convert into the Extension workings to extract coal by hand.Шаблон:Sfn
Early community
Dunsmuir was fearful of militant labour unrest spreading from nearby Nanaimo. Consequently, he wanted the mine workers to reside at Oyster Bay and commute daily by train. However, hundreds chose to build dwellings at Extension, and the settlement blossomed.Шаблон:Sfn In 1900, when the post office opened, the name changed to Extension.[9] In the early 1900s, several stores and the Central, Extension, Overton, Pretoria, and Queen's hotels operated.[10] Special trains carried passengers to Saturday night dances held at either Extension or Ladysmith.Шаблон:Sfn After the mine shuttered, the remaining two-storey 21-room hotel closed.[11]Шаблон:Sfn
Later community
In 1948, the place was described as "warped, unpainted shanties, many of them with their walls angling crazily and their windows cracked, make Extension…a ghost town – except that people live in the tumbling huts….(or) crumbling old hotels…"Шаблон:Sfn Logging sustained the settlement throughout the 1940s and 1950s.Шаблон:Sfn Real estate developers soon promoted such locations, which were outside the Nanaimo city boundaries, and taxed at much lower rates.[12]
Today, this bedroom community for Nanaimo comprises a residential area of steadily diminishing vacant lots and modern houses, surrounded by small farms.Шаблон:Sfn The general store is gone, but a volunteer fire department remains. The barren towering slag heap lies hidden behind the trees.
Footnotes
References
- Английская Википедия
- Designated places in British Columbia
- Mid Vancouver Island
- Mining communities in British Columbia
- Populated places in the Regional District of Nanaimo
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
