Английская Википедия:Ezekiel 8

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Bible chapter

Ezekiel 8 is the eighth chapter of the Book of Ezekiel in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet/priest Ezekiel, and is one of the Books of the Prophets.[1] In this chapter, Ezekiel condemns the idolatry which he sees in the Jerusalem Temple.[2] His vision of the defiled temple continues as far as Шаблон:Bibleref2.[3]

Text

The original text was written in the Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 18 verses.

Surviving early manuscripts

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008).Шаблон:Sfn

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BC. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math>B; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math>A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math>Q; 6th century).Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn

Verse 1

And it came to pass in the sixth year, in the sixth month, on the fifth day of the month,
as I sat in my house with the elders of Judah sitting before me,
that the hand of the Lord God fell upon me there.[4]
  • "In the sixth year, in the sixth month, on the fifth day of the month": According to the New Oxford Annotated Bible,[5] this day falls on September 17, 592 BCE; this is also the result of calculations by German theologian Bernhard Lang.[6]

Ezekiel is depicted sitting in his own house, with the elders of Judah seated before him. The same format occurs in Шаблон:Bibleref2 and Шаблон:Bibleref2-nb; theologian Julie Galambush suggests that "apparently the community recognized Ezekiel's prophetic status and regularly sought YHWH's oracles through him".[3]

Verse 14

Файл:126.The Prophet Ezekiel.jpg
In Шаблон:Bibleverse, the prophet Ezekiel, shown here in this illustration from 1866 by Gustave Doré, witnesses women mourning the death of Tammuz outside the Second Temple.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
So He brought me to the door of the north gate of the Lord’s house;
and to my dismay,
women were sitting there weeping for Tammuz. (NKJV)[7]

"Weeping for Tammuz": an "ancient ritual of Sumerian origin,"Шаблон:Sfn "counterpart of Sumerian Dumuzi, the fertility-god associated with shepherding and vegetation".Шаблон:Sfn The weeping is to commemorate the death of seasonal fertility, and the cult stresses for the mourning aspect of it.Шаблон:Sfn The Phoenicians called it "Adon" (or "Lord"), from where the Greek cult "Adonis" took root.Шаблон:Sfn The cult of Ishtar and Tammuz may have been introduced to the Kingdom of Judah during the reign of King ManassehШаблон:Sfn and the Old Testament contains numerous allusions to them.Шаблон:Sfn Ezekiel's testimony is the only direct mention of Tammuz in the Hebrew Bible,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn but the cult of Tammuz may also be alluded to in Шаблон:Bibleverse:Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

"Because thou hast forgotten the God of thy salvation, and hast not been mindful of the rock of thy strength, therefore shalt thou plant pleasant plants, and shalt set it with strange slips: In the day shalt thou make thy plant to grow, and in the morning shalt thou make thy seed to flourish: but the harvest shall be a heap in the day of grief and of desperate sorrow."

This passage may be describing the miniature gardens that women would plant in honor of Tammuz during his festival.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Bibleverse, Шаблон:Bibleverse, and Шаблон:Bibleverse all denounce sacrifices made "in the gardens", which may also be connected to the cult of Tammuz.Шаблон:Sfn Another possible allusion to Tammuz occurs in Шаблон:Bibleverse:Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn "Neither shall he regard the God of his fathers, nor the desire of women, nor regard any god: for he shall magnify himself above all." The subject of this passage is Antiochus IV EpiphanesШаблон:Sfn and some scholars have interpreted the reference to the "one desired by women" in this passage as an indication that Antiochus may have persecuted the cult of Tammuz.Шаблон:Sfn There is no external evidence to support this reading, however,Шаблон:Sfn and it is much more probable that this epithet is merely a jibe at Antiochus's notorious cruelty towards all the women who fell in love with him.Шаблон:Sfn

Verse 16

So He brought me into the inner court of the Lord’s house; and there, at the door of the temple of the Lord, between the porch and the altar, were about twenty-five men with their backs toward the temple of the Lord and their faces toward the east, and they were worshiping the sun toward the east. (NKJV)[8]

See also

Notes

Шаблон:Notelist

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Sources

External links

Шаблон:Wikisource

Jewish

Шаблон:Book of Ezekiel

  1. Theodore Hiebert et al., 1996. The New Interpreter's Bible: Volume VI. Nashville: Abingdon.
  2. Chapter heading for Ezekiel 8 in the New International Version
  3. 3,0 3,1 Galambush, Julie (2007), Ezekiel in Barton, J. and Muddiman, J. (2001), The Oxford Bible Commentary Шаблон:Webarchive, p. 541
  4. Шаблон:Bibleref2: KJV
  5. 5,0 5,1 The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha, Augmented Third Edition, New Revised Standard Version, Indexed. Michael D. Coogan, Marc Brettler, Carol A. Newsom, Editors. Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA; 2007. pp. 1190-1191 Hebrew Bible. Шаблон:ISBN
  6. Lang, Bernhard (1981) Ezechiel. Darmstadt. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesselschaft, cited in Kee et al 2008, p. 209.
  7. Шаблон:Bibleref2
  8. Шаблон:Bibleref2