Английская Википедия:Ezra 9
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Bible chapter
Ezra 9 is the ninth chapter of the Book of Ezra in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible,Шаблон:Sfn or the book of Ezra-Nehemiah in the Hebrew Bible, which treats the book of Ezra and book of Nehemiah as one book.Шаблон:Sfn Jewish tradition states that Ezra is the author of Ezra-Nehemiah as well as the Book of Chronicles,[1] but modern scholars generally accept that a compiler from the 5th century BCE (the so-called "Chronicler") is the final author of these books.Шаблон:Sfn The section comprising chapters 7 to 10 mainly describes the activities of Ezra the scribe and the priest.Шаблон:Sfn This chapter and the next deal with the problem of intermarriage, starting with the introduction of the crisis, then Ezra's public mourning and prayer of shame.Шаблон:Sfn J. Gordon McConville suggests that this chapter is central to the Book of Ezra because it draws a sharp contrast between what the people of God ought to be and what they actually are.Шаблон:Sfn
Text
This chapter is divided into 15 verses. The original text of this chapter is in Hebrew language.[2]
Textual witnesses
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes Codex Leningradensis (1008).Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn
There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: <math> \mathfrak{G}</math>S; 4th century; only Ezra 9:9 to end),[3] Codex Vaticanus (B; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math>B; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math>A; 5th century).Шаблон:Sfn
An ancient Greek book called 1 Esdras (Greek: Шаблон:Lang) containing some parts of 2 Chronicles, Ezra and Nehemiah is included in most editions of the Septuagint and is placed before the single book of Ezra–Nehemiah (which is titled in Greek: Шаблон:Lang). 1 Esdras 8:68-90 is an equivalent of Ezra 9 (Repentance from mixed marriages).[4][5]
The report (9:1–2)
Some Jewish leaders in Jerusalem reported to Ezra about 'the misconduct of various leaders and members of the community'.Шаблон:Sfn
Verse 2
- "For they have taken some of their daughters as wives for themselves and their sons, so that the holy seed is mixed with the peoples of those lands. Indeed, the hand of the leaders and rulers has been foremost in this trespass."[6]
- "The peoples of those lands": are associated with Шаблон:Strong-number[7] ("abominations"), which is "the most common cultic term for idolatrous practices", and also denoting the "objectionable actions and behavior".Шаблон:Sfn Verse 1 lists the origins of the mixed marriage partners as Canaanites, Hittites, Perizzites, Jebusites, Ammonites, Moabites, Egyptians and Amorites.[8]
The response (9:3–5)
Hearing the report, Ezra responded with a "public act of contrition" in his function as "the official representative of the community".Шаблон:Sfn
Verse 3
- And when I heard this thing, I rent my garment and my mantle, and plucked off the hair of my head and of my beard, and sat down astonied.[9]
- "Rent my garment and my mantle": Here Ezra is rending (tearing) his 'under-garment' or 'tunic' (Hebrew Шаблон:Lang) and the 'long loose robe' (Hebrew: Шаблон:Lang) that he was wearing.[10] The act of rending one's clothes is frequently mentioned in the Hebrew Bible as a sign of grief, such as:[10]
- Reuben rent his 'clothes' (plural of Шаблон:Lang) on not finding Joseph (Шаблон:Bibleverse)
- Jacob rent his 'garments' (plural of Шаблон:Lang) on seeing Joseph's blood-stained coat (Шаблон:Bibleverse)
- Joseph's brethren rent their clothers (plural of Шаблон:Lang) when the cup was found in Benjamin's sack (Шаблон:Bibleverse)
- Joshua rent his 'clothes' (plural of Шаблон:Lang) after the repulse at Ai (Шаблон:Bibleverse)
- Jephthah rent his 'clothes' (plural of Шаблон:Lang) on meeting his daughter (Шаблон:Bibleverse)
- the messenger from the field of Ziklag came with his clothes (plural of Шаблон:Lang) rent (Шаблон:Bibleverse, cf. Шаблон:Bibleverse)
- Job rent his mantle (Шаблон:Lang) on hearing of his children's death (Шаблон:Bibleverse)
- Job's friends rent their mantle (‘Шаблон:Lang’) when they came to visit him (Шаблон:Bibleverse).
The action also denoted 'horror' on receiving shocking intelligence or hearing shocking words, such as:[10]
- Hezekiah and his ministers rent their clothes (plural of Шаблон:Lang) after Rabshakeh's speech (Шаблон:Bibleverse; Шаблон:Bibleverse)
- Mordecai rent his clothes (plural of Шаблон:Lang) on hearing of Haman's determination (Шаблон:Bibleverse)
- See also Шаблон:Bibleverse; Шаблон:Bibleverse; Шаблон:Bibleverse.
In the New Testament is also recorded:[10]
- the High-priest rent his garments on hearing the testimony of Jesus (Шаблон:Bibleverse).[10]
The prayer (9:6–15)
Being a leader of the community, Ezra offered a "public prayer of confession" which is "sincere, personal, emotional and forthright".Шаблон:Sfn The Jerusalem Bible describes the prayer of Ezra as "also a sermon".[11]
See also
- Ammonites
- Amorites
- Canaanites
- Egyptians
- Hittites
- Jebusites
- Jerusalem
- Moabites
- Perizzites
- Related Bible parts:Ezra 8, Ezra 10, Nehemiah 8
Notes
Citations
Sources
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
Further reading
- Blenkinsopp, Joseph, "Ezra-Nehemiah: A Commentary" (Eerdmans, 1988)
- Blenkinsopp, Joseph, "Judaism, the first phase" (Eerdmans, 2009)
- Coggins, R.J., "The Books of Ezra and Nehemiah" (Cambridge University Press, 1976)
- Ecker, Ronald L., "Ezra and Nehemiah", Ecker's Biblical Web Pages, 2007.
- Grabbe, L.L., "Ezra-Nehemiah" (Routledge, 1998)
- Pakkala, Juha, "Ezra the scribe: the development of Ezra 7–10 and Nehemiah 8" (Walter de Gryter, 2004)*Grabbe, L.L., "A history of the Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period, Volume 1" (T&T Clark, 2004)
- Throntveit, Mark A. (1992) "Ezra-Nehemiah". John Knox Press
External links
- Jewish translations:
- Ezra - Chapter 9 (Judaica Press) translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org
- Christian translations:
- Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
- Book of Ezra Chapter 9. Bible Gateway
- ↑ Babylonian Talmud Baba Bathra 15a, apud Fensham 1982, p. 2
- ↑ Note i on Ezra 7:27 in the New King James Version: "The Hebrew language resumes in Ezra 7:27."
- ↑ Шаблон:Catholic Encyclopedia
- ↑ Catholic Encyclopedia: Esdras: THE BOOKS OF ESDRAS: III Esdras
- ↑ Jewish Encyclopedia: Esdras, Books of: I Esdras
- ↑ Шаблон:Bibleverse NKJV
- ↑ Hebrew Text Analysis: Ezra 9:1. Biblehub
- ↑ Шаблон:Bibleverse NKJV
- ↑ Шаблон:Bibleverse KJV
- ↑ 10,0 10,1 10,2 10,3 10,4 Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. Ezra 9. Accessed 28 April 2019.
- ↑ Jerusalem Bible (1966), note d at Ezra 9:6