Английская Википедия:Ezra Nawi

Nawi, April 2010

Ezra Yitzhak Nawi (Шаблон:Lang-he; 1951 – 9 January 2021) was an Israeli Mizrahi Jew, left-wing,Шаблон:Sfn human rights activist and pacifist. He was particularly active among the Bedouin herders and farmers of the South Hebron Hills Шаблон:Sfn and against the establishment of Israeli settlements there,Шаблон:Sfn in what Uri Avnery described as a protracted effort by settlers to cleanse the area of Arab villagers,Шаблон:Sfn in the prevention of which he played a key role.Шаблон:Sfn He was described as a "Ta'ayush nudnik (nuisance)",Шаблон:Sfn and "a working-class, liberal gay version of Joe the Plumber".Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Efn

He was regarded by some as an extreme leftist activist and troublemaker.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Efn Шаблон:Efn He was charged with numerous infractions of the law, with convictions ranging from statutory rape, illegal use of a weapon and possession of drugs to assaulting two policemen,Шаблон:Sfn In addition, he also served several short stints in prison as a consequence of his activism.Шаблон:Sfn Defenders claimed that many of the prosecutions were politically motivated.Шаблон:Sfn

David Shulman regarded him as a major obstacle to the theft of Palestinian land,Шаблон:Sfn and considered him an Israeli exponent of Gandhian civil disobedience.Шаблон:Efn Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn Nawi once said that he would strike back when attacked.Шаблон:Efn He came to international attention after being convicted in 2007 of participating in a riot and assaulting two police officers in connection with the demolition of Bedouin homes in the West Bank by Israeli border policemen.Шаблон:Efn His trial and imprisonment spurred a worldwide protest against his treatment that elicited 20,000 signatures.

In 2008, Nissim Mossek produced a film on his life, private and public, which had mixed reviews.

In 2015, an undercover pro-settler group taped him braggingШаблон:Sfn that he had identified Palestinian land brokers willing to sell land to Israeli or Jewish brokers to the PA security services. Under Palestinian law, such sales are a capital offence, and Nawi claimed they would be tortured and killed. The case triggered a political backlash in Israel and there were calls for England and France to stop foreign funding of two Israeli civil rights NGOs, Ta'ayush and B'Tselem, whose members were involved in the incident. Nawi and two others were arrested, and then released and banned from the West Bank for two weeks.

Biography

Ezra Nawi was born in Jerusalem,Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn one of five siblings, to a Mizrahi Jewish Iraqi family originally from Basra, which had made aliyah from Kurdistan shortly before his birth.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Efn Шаблон:Efn His mother gave birth to him when she was 14 years old. He was raised by a grandmother who spoke to him in Iraqi Arabic, an accent he still retained.Шаблон:Sfn When Nawi was a teenager, they lived next door to Reuven Kaminer, a leading figure in Israel's Communist Party, and Kaminer, he has reminisced, influenced his activism.Шаблон:Sfn As a conscript in the IDF, he served in a combat engineering unit. After the 1973 Yom Kippur War, where his duties included laying mines along the Suez Canal, he went abroad, travelling widely in the US and Europe, spending some time in both the UK and Ireland.Шаблон:Sfn

Nawi worked as a plumber. He was openly gay.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn He developed an interest in human rights, which he said comes from his experience of "belonging to a despised minority",Шаблон:Sfn after meeting Irish University lecturer David Norris and forming a relationship with him in Dublin when they met at Christmas in 1975. Nawi insisted on going home with Norris after meeting him at a party – it was mutual love at first sight – and Norris found his sterile home, replete with every modern commodity but where only eggs and tea were the staple, suddenly transformed as Nawi's spicy Middle Eastern cooking suffused his Edwardian home.Шаблон:Sfn Nawi mulled the idea of emigrating to Ireland; Norris helped him buy a home in Ramot. Their partnership, predominantly a mariage blanc since the physical side ended after three years,Шаблон:Sfn lasted 10 years, and ultimately broke up after Nawi refused to commit,Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn having in the meantime fallen in love with an Israeli athlete, with whom he lived for a decade. The three remained on the best of terms.Шаблон:Sfn

Nawi suffered his first stroke shortly after the release of an Шаблон:Ill broadcast,Шаблон:Sfn Close friends attributed it to the severe harassment he had experienced.Шаблон:Sfn He suffered a further stroke in the summer of 2020, and during his hospitalization doctors discovered he had a brain tumour. He had recurrent minor strokes later that year, in autumn. He died on 9 January 2021 in Jerusalem at the age of 69.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn Shortly before his death, he remarked to his friend David Shulman, "I did something good with my life,"Шаблон:Sfn and to Amira Hass that, "I could have done much more."Шаблон:Sfn

Political activism

His interest in human rights developed over several years while he shared his home in Jerusalem with a West Bank Palestinian, Fuad Mussa, who feared an honour killing because of his homosexuality. Nawi was convicted on charges of allowing his partner to live illegally with him in Israel.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn The difficulties they encountered acquainted him with the hardships of Arab life, and, he said, this was a turning point that led him to embrace an activist role in the West Bank in the 1980s.Шаблон:Sfn Friends and clients of Nawi's raised £30,000 to bail out his companion when Fuad was arrested after restrictions tightened during the Second Intifada. An appeal was made to the President of Israel, Moshe Katsav, for his release, and an ex-gratia permit was eventually given to them to allow the couple to reside together in Jerusalem. By then, however, the relationship had broken up.Шаблон:Sfn Nawi had in the meantime joined the Jewish-Arab human rights organization Ta'ayush,Шаблон:Sfn where his fluency in both Hebrew and Arabic allowed him to serve as a liaison between local Palestinians in the Hebron area and Israeli activists.Шаблон:Sfn According to Amiel Vardi, a classics scholar of Hebrew University and co-founder of Ta'ayush, he had an instinctive sense of relations with Palestinians which other activists, many of them Jewish intellectuals, lack.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Efn He used surplus earnings from his plumbing trade to subsidize his activities, and was reputed to charge exorbitantly for his services in order to earn enough money to donate to the fallāḥīn.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Efn

According to Ian Buruma, his activism is more practical than political.Шаблон:Sfn Nawi himself said of his work, "(T)his is not about ideology. It is about decency".Шаблон:Sfn According to Max Blumenthal, he is widely revered by young activists as a guide and mentor in the West Bank.Шаблон:Sfn

Nawi, one of several Israeli activists in the South Hebron hillsШаблон:Efn but according to David Shulman, the "real hero" of the area,Шаблон:Sfn is said to have adopted the distinctive cave-dwelling Bedouin resident in this zone,Шаблон:Sfn Eighty to a hundred members of these families, of the Bedouin al-Hathalin clan,Шаблон:Sfn refugees from Tel Arad in the aftermath of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, dwell at Umm al-Khair, a village south of Hebron, 30 metres from the Israeli settlement of Carmel, Har Hebron.Шаблон:Sfn This is one of the many khirbehs of that area.Шаблон:Sfn They eke out a rough livelihood pasturing their goats and sheep on rocky land purchased from its Palestinian owners in the early 1950s.Шаблон:Sfn They are hardscrabble farmers of desolate hills where, according to Nawi, "nobody else would even try to grow anything," but where these Bedouin are often prevented from working the land.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Efn Шаблон:Efn His attachment to these people and their biblical way of life flowed, he said, from his first encounter with them. He thought their distinctive lifestyle was subject to an "existential danger" in the way their fields were burned, their grazing stock poisoned,Шаблон:Efn Шаблон:Efn their wells poisoned, or demolished,Шаблон:Sfn their aged beaten and their land expropriated.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Efn He has been assaulted by settlers while helping Palestinians harvest olives from their own olive groves.Шаблон:Sfn Some, fearing for their lives, would not return to their fields unless Nawi accompanied them.Шаблон:Sfn He slept overnight in their houses to deter IDF soldiers reportedly throwing rocks at dwellings after dark.Шаблон:Sfn He was active in many of their encampments from Bi'r al-'Id to Susia and Umm al-Kheir.Шаблон:Sfn His arrival on the scene when settlers attacked a Bedouin family near Twamin and stole 450 head of their sheep livestock, was sufficient, according to Rabbis for Human Rights, to cause the settlers to desist and retreat.Шаблон:Sfn

Nawi and this small group of activists have been described as an "independent aid agency": "whatever cash went into their hands was immediately translated into solving the problems of the poorest of the land."Шаблон:Sfn For the last decade he has set up summer day camps for Bedouin children, brought in projectors to show them films, and taken them on trips to Jericho where, for the first time in their life, they can have an opportunity to swim.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn He has introduced computer technology in these communities,Шаблон:Sfn installed solar panelsШаблон:Sfn and electricity-generating windmills with the assistance of an Israeli engineer from COMET:ME for a Palestinian refugee camp.Шаблон:Sfn He helped ambulances get through roadblocks and handed out cash to poor people.Шаблон:Sfn He has organized Ta'ayush activities which involve escorting children to school and protecting them from settlers. After a Knesset committee grilled an IDF commander on the way children were being prevented from going to school, the IDF instituted armoured personnel carriers to accompany them. Such escorts however do not apply when summer camps are conducted, and, according to Nawi, a settler quipped that while the Geneva Convention guaranteed children the right to a schooling, it says nothing about their right to summer camp.Шаблон:Sfn

His role has drawn scorn from both the military authorities, who have detained him on numerous occasions, and from local settlers who have previously assaulted him,Шаблон:Sfn thrown rocks at his car at night, threatening to kill him when he intervenedШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Efn and who have been suspected by the police of intending to assassinate him.Шаблон:Efn He has complained of multiple forms of harassment, from repeated fines for petty traffic incidents where enforcement is otherwise loose,Шаблон:Sfn to having his business audited and receiving a huge tax bill to, he suspected, having his phone monitored and being subject to vicious homophobic taunts.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn Some brand him ironically as "the saviour of the Arabs" whose concern for "unfortunate" Arabs extends to assisting them when they are "stealing" what settlers consider to be state lands in the southern Hebron hills and Gush Etzion.Шаблон:Sfn

Nawi said he did not yield ground when settlers attack, claiming that, rather than running away as other Israeli volunteers do, he hit back. In a 2005 interview, he went on record as saying:-

The settlers have become used to seeing Israelis caving in and crumpling when they get beaten. I don't cave in. If anyone beats me, I strike him back. And I'm not exactly a pip-squeak.Шаблон:Sfn

The Israeli academic David Shulman states that Nawi is non-violent and recalled in sworn testimony an incident that took place in Susya in 2005, where Nawi was subject to one such assault:-

"I have been through many difficult moments with him—attacks by settlers, in particular—and I have never seen him respond to violence with violence. On one occasion in Susia, in 2005, settlers broke a wooden pole over his head, and he stood his ground without hitting back. I was right beside him, and I saw it. I have witnessed such instances many times. He is committed to nonviolent protest in every fiber of his being".Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Efn Шаблон:Efn

In opposing such settler actions, which he said "serve the state's interests,"Шаблон:Sfn Nawi is on record as saying that, "I'm here to change reality.. The only Israelis these people know are settlers and soldiers. Through me they know a different Israeli",Шаблон:Sfn and stated his conviction that their acts "are destroying Israel. We (Israelis) have to live side by side with the Palestinians as good neighbours, not as conquerors".Шаблон:Efn Mere presence can be, he maintained, a deterrence.Шаблон:Sfn

In one particular episode in January 2003, captured by Shulman's eyewitness account in his book, Dark Hope (2007), armed settlers wearing skullcaps and tzitzit fringes, and hailing from a daughter settlement of Ma'on called Ma'on farm (Havat Ma'on), charged down on Twaneh peasants sowing their traditional fields while Nawi was present. As shots were fired their way and stones rained down on the sowers, Shulman got the impression Nawi seemed to relish the moment, as he rallied those about him with the cry, "Don't be afraid. Stand your ground".Шаблон:Sfn Joseph Dana expresses a similar view. In an incident at the village of Safa, in the face of tear-gas and live ammunition, Nawi's reaction to Dana's anxiety was to smile, slap him on the back and quip: "quite an adventure you are experiencing!" His approach, Dana concluded, cuts the tension in the air.Шаблон:Sfn

Shulman has recently argued that he was one of three exponents of Gandhi's principle of satyagraha in the West Bank, alongside Abdallah Abu Rahmah and Ali Abu Awwad, with the difference that Nawi was Jewish, and has probably, unlike the former two, never read a word of Gandhi's writings, but simply "reinvented Gandhian-style protest on his own.".Шаблон:Sfn Nawi's activism, according to Amira Hass, has brought him to the verge of bankruptcy.Шаблон:Sfn

Controversy

Nawi was convicted on a number of charges, including illegal use of a weapon and possession of drugs—he freely admitted to smoking hash—for private use.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn

Statutory rape conviction

In 1995, Nawi was convicted of statutory rape of a 15-year-old Palestinian boy, after their relationship had been reported to Israeli police by the boy's parents in 1992.Шаблон:Sfn The legal age for such relationships is 16 in Israeli law.Шаблон:Sfn The statutory rape case was appealed twice. The prosecution's case was difficult due to the length of time between the offense and the appeal process, and since the victim, one year under the legal age of consent, was reluctant to testify against Nawi. After 5 years, the High Court upheld the conviction upon final appeal. It found the relationship had been consensual, sentencing him to six months based on a plea bargain, of which he served less than three.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Efn Шаблон:Sfn In 2011 it was revealed that David Norris, a former partner of Nawi and the frontrunner for the position of President of Ireland at the time, had written a letter in support of Nawi on an official Seanad Éireann letterhead, and sent it to the Israeli High Court. In the letter, Norris claimed Nawi was tricked into a plea bargain and requested a noncustodial sentence. This revelation caused him to withdraw from the presidential race.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn

2004 arrest and trial

He has been charged for infractions in the West Bank several times. In the first half of 2004, the Israeli prosecution filed three suits against him. The first concerned an incident that occurred after he accompanied a convoy to a harvest at Twaneh, where he was joined by Israeli novelists Meir Shalev and David Grossman and anchorman Haim Yavin. Nawi rushed to put himself between the settlers and the harvesting fellahin to protect the latter, and a settler filed a complaint to police accusing Nawi of attacking him.Шаблон:Sfn In addition he was caught entering Area A, forbidden to Israelis, while bringing a consignment of clothes to people in Yatta.Шаблон:Sfn He was also arrested for giving a ride back into the West Bank to a Palestinian who had been residing without a permit in Israel; and he was indicted once on suspicion he had hindered a settler from filming him as he helped the Palestinians.Шаблон:Sfn In the last instance, his lawyer questioned the plaintiff regarding the fact he had filmed the event on Sabbath, whereupon the settler replied that he had a rabbinical ruling on halakha or Jewish law, which determined that Sabbath may be desecrated if the aim is to stop a goy from stealing hay and straw, as were the Palestinians in the area, which belonged to the settlers. Nawi was convicted by the Magistrate's court and sentenced to probation and a fine of NIS 500. It emerged that the halakhic judgement had been written by the plaintiff's father a day before the trial. On appeal, the conviction was overturned by a District Court when his lawyer Lea Tsemel showed that the land concerned was owned by Palestinians.Шаблон:Sfn

2007 arrest and trial

Файл:Umm al-Kheir.1.JPG

Umm al-Kheir, South Hebron Hills.

On 14 February 2007, Nawi went to assist Palestinian families whose homes, several tin and canvas shanties,Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn were about to be razed as illegal structures. According to Shulman, these Palestinians at Um al-Kheir, which lies a few meters from rows of red-roofed settler villas at Carmel, require building permits for any house construction or extensions to their tents or shacks and such permits are almost impossible to obtain since on average, in the West Bank area administered by Israel, Area C, only one is released per month by the Israeli Civil Administration for the hundreds of thousands of Palestinian residents there. Palestinians with their large families regularly build without permits, and the occupation authorities regularly issue demolition orders, of which some 20 are carried out each month.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Efn

Nawi considered such administrative actions "acts of war" since these Bedouin families lived in the area before the state of Israel came into existence.Шаблон:Sfn On that day, Nawi became involved in a clash with border police who had been sent to protect the bulldozers. Nawi threw himself before the bulldozers, and had to be dragged from their path to allow the demolition order to be executed. Though much of the incident was captured on video, the police testified later that, after they caught up with him inside a half-demolished shack, he raised his hands against them and resisted arrestШаблон:Sfn in some 8Шаблон:Sfn to 20 seconds not caught on video.Шаблон:Sfn According to Ben-Gurion university professor Neve Gordon, in the video Nawi is seen disarming a Palestinian woman of a rock she had picked up some minutes before the alleged assault.Шаблон:Sfn He was arrested, handcuffed and charged, although the assault later alleged was not included in the original police statements.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn The videotape shows that, handcuffed on a police truck, and taunted by the police for assisting Arabs, Nawi told them: "I was also a soldier, but I did not demolish houses,.. The only thing that will be left here is hatred".Шаблон:Efn

At his trial, judge Eilata Ziskind determined on March 19, on the basis of testimony from the two police officers, that he was guilty as charged: that he had pushed the two policemen, incited people, behaved in an unruly manner and interrupted police in the performance of their duties.Шаблон:Sfn

The decision led to a public outcry, with some 140,000 letters, according to Nawi, being sent to Israeli officials.Шаблон:Sfn Television footage filming the clash had been broadcast on Israel's Channel 1. According to Neve Gordon, the verdict was made notwithstanding "the very clear evidence" captured on film.Шаблон:Sfn Arik Ascherman, Executive Director of Rabbis for Human Rights, enjoined people to rally with him before a Court of Appeal.Шаблон:Sfn

Sentencing, in which he was expected to serve up to two years in jail,Шаблон:Sfn was originally scheduled for 1 July 2009 but subsequently postponed to 21 September 2009, after the judge had been presented with a petition organized in an international campaign conducted over the internet. In August 2009, in a preliminary hearing on sentencing the court heard several witnesses, such as Shulman and Galit Hasan-Rokem, testifying on Nawi's behalf.Шаблон:Sfn Aside from these academics, the former Deputy Attorney General of Israel, Yehudit Karp, speaking as a character witness and as a former head of a committee that had examined law and order issues in the West Bank, wrote that the situation there was strongly distorted in favour of the settlers, and that this justified the way Nawi, whom she called a modern-day Robin Hood, behaved in conditions she considered "surreal".Шаблон:Efn Шаблон:Sfn She took the trial as the start of a dangerous process in that root problems are not addressed, and injustices wrought on Palestinians are not met by appropriate application of relevant laws.Шаблон:Sfn

According to Nawi, the judge instructed the court to find an interpreter to translate the sentence for Nawi's benefit, as if he, a Mizrahi Jew fluent in Hebrew, were actually a Palestinian Arab.Шаблон:Sfn

In his own defence, given in an article in The Nation at the time, Nawi spoke of his eight years of activism in the area, and asked rhetorically: "was I the one who poisoned and destroyed Palestinian water wells? Was I the one who beat young Palestinian children? Did I hit the elderly? Did I poison the Palestinian residents' sheep? Did I demolish homes and destroy tractors? Did I block roads and restrict movement? Was I the one who prevented people from connecting their homes to running water and electricity? Did I forbid Palestinians from building homes?"Шаблон:Sfn He called relations between the military, civil administration, the judicial system, the police, and the Jewish settlers, whom he regarded as the commanders, an "unholy alliance" where the end of securing full control of the Land of Israel justified any means. The Palestinians were dehumanized so that everything was permissible: land-theft, home-demolition, stealing water, arbitrary imprisonment, and on occasion murder. "In Hebrew," he added, "we say damam mutar, taking their blood is permissible".Шаблон:Sfn Elsewhere he is on record as arguing that the function of the violence is to "scare the Palestinians into not moving around or using their land for farming and agriculture." and that most settlers are motivated by religious ideas one cannot argue with, and that Arabs must leave. "They want Palestine."Шаблон:Sfn

Nawi's case elicited the attention of several prominent international figures, including Noam Chomsky, Naomi Klein, and Neve Gordon, who organized a campaign to protest against his imprisonment,Шаблон:Sfn calling him "one of Israel's most courageous human rights activists", and his arrest, conviction and pending imprisonment "politically motivated".Шаблон:Sfn Additionally, Yehudit Karp petitioned the court asking for clemency on the basis that the state had failed in its obligations to enforce the law against Israeli settlers in the Palestinian territories and that Nawi's actions against the settlers should be seen in that context.Шаблон:Sfn The group Jewish Voice for Peace presented the court with a petition signed by 20,000 people requesting clemency for Nawi.Шаблон:Sfn

On September 21, the Jerusalem Magistrates' Court sentenced him to a term of one month in prison, and fined him NIS 750 ($202), ordering him to pay an additional NIS 500 ($135) to each officer he was found guilty of assaulting.Шаблон:Sfn

Judge Ziskind, in her ruling, wrote that "even if there is a supreme goal, it cannot be used as an excuse to commit offenses", and that,

"Freedom of expression is not the freedom to incite and take actions that prevent or disrupt police work …Freedom of expression does not allow for riots, incitement or violence. Democracy cannot allow this, for if the law enforcement system collapses, anarchy will reign and democracy and freedom of expression will be no more...The fact that a person is acting in the name of one ideology or another, as justified as it may be, is no excuse to commit offenses in the name of that ideology, and in this matter there is no difference between left-wing activists, right-wing activists, religious, seculars, or other groups in conflict".Шаблон:Sfn

He was also put on three years probation, during which, if he insulted an officer, disturbed public order, or participated in an illegal protest, he would immediately suffer a further six months imprisonment.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn The Yesha Human Rights Organization, representing the Yesha or settlers' perspective, criticized the brevity of the one-month sentence, asserting that,

"One month in jail is like mocking the poor and emphasizes the selectivity of the law enforcement system in Judea and Samaria. (The system) allows Nawi to run wild, cooperate with Hamas members and hurt settlers, and remembers to enforce the law only when he hurts policemen".Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn

Incarcerated on Sunday, 23 May 2010, he served out his sentence at Dekel Prison, Emek Sarah, Beer-Sheva.Шаблон:Sfn

Subsequent to this trial, Haaretz revealed that the prosecution had used as part of the evidence for its case Nawi's prior conviction for statutory rape.Шаблон:Sfn The story resurfaced once more in 2011 when the ZionistШаблон:Sfn and blogger John Connolly revealed that the Irish senator and presidential candidate David Norris, a former lover of Nawi's, had written a letter to the Israeli court requesting clemency for Nawi at the time.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn

2012 offensive language case

On 10 June 2012, Nawi was convicted of "offending public servants" by the Jerusalem Magistrate's Court, with Judge Cjana Lomp presiding, after it was alleged that he had called a deputy battalion commander of the IDF a "war criminal" during a clash at Susya in July 2009, when he and other activists tried to prevent Jewish settlers from establishing an outpost called Givat HaDegel (Flag Hill, alternatively Chisdi Hashem The Grace of God), and thereby depriving Palestinians of their land.Шаблон:Sfn

2013 traffic case

Following an incident with a military jeep in the South Hebron hills in March 2013, Nawi was charged with crossing a solid white line while overtaking. He was acquitted of the charge by Judge Miriam Kaslassy who stated in her ruling that "It's clear as day that we're not talking about random enforcement of a traffic violation", and that the police had made Nawi commit the offence. Nawi subsequently sued the state, and was awarded 45,000 shekels compensation.Шаблон:Sfn The Ministry of Justice stated that the policeman and the army officer involved in the incident would be prosecuted for entrapment.Шаблон:Sfn

2014 traffic case

In April 2014, Nawi, together with Guy Butavia, was stopped by police, while driving out from Jerusalem towards the South Hebron hills. The police stated that Butavia was not wearing a safety belt, that Nawi's license was not in order, and that they suspected the two of trying to hide something. A tobacco pouch was seized, on the suspicion it contained drugs. The two were detained for 8 hours at a police station, and released under house arrest for three days. The day after, the order was cancelled. Despite several allegations made by the police, the case was dropped.Шаблон:Sfn

Both Nawi and Butavia sued the police for harassment, claiming $28,125 in compensation. They further claimed the incident was directed at them for being human rights activists, and that video taken at the time contradicts evidence presented by the police.Шаблон:Sfn In June 2019, the Jerusalem Magistrates Court found in favour of Nawi and Butavia, and ordered the police to pay them 7500 shekels in damages and compensation.Шаблон:Sfn

Uvda investigation

In January 2016, hidden camera recordings of Nawi were broadcast by Ilana Dayan as part of the Шаблон:Ill ("Fact") investigative series on Israel's Channel 2.Шаблон:Sfn The report revealed Nawi braggingШаблон:Sfn he had passed on to the Palestinian National Security Forces the names of Palestinian land brokers willing to sell land to Jews. In the recording, Nawi relates how Palestinian property dealers mistook him for a Jew looking to purchase land,Шаблон:Sfn and says, "Straight away I give their pictures and phone numbers to the Preventive Security Force. The Palestinian Authority catches them and kills them. But before it kills them, they get beat up a lot.".Шаблон:Sfn No reports have confirmed that Nawi's actions brought about the execution of any Palestinians,Шаблон:Sfn a practice which, according to Amira Hass, the PA has long abandoned.Шаблон:Sfn Mahmoud Abbas said that the PA does not execute land vendors, but sentences them to hard labour.Шаблон:Sfn Several unsolved murders in recent years have, however, been regarded as related to such sales.Шаблон:Sfn

Itzik Goldway, a reserve sergeant in the IDF and decorated veteran of Operation Protective Edge, together with his girlfriend, Julia T.,Шаблон:Sfn are right-wing activists from the Ad Kan ("(I've had it)Up to Here") NGO, an organization whose existence was unknown until the Uvda programme was broadcast.Шаблон:Sfn They succeeded in befriending Nawi by infiltrating Ta'ayush.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn With Nawi, they observed attacks on Palestinians by Jewish settlers.Шаблон:Sfn They then made the tapes which Ad Kan passed on to Uvda. The quality of the video as an accurate piece of reportage has been questioned.Шаблон:Efn

Nasser Nawaja, a Palestinian resident of Susya who has spent a lifetime defending his village from the threat of expulsionШаблон:Sfn and field researcher for the Israeli human rights NGO B'Tselem,Шаблон:Sfn was also present in one of the putative operations,Шаблон:Sfn in which the land broker purportedly tried to sell Nawi, an Israeli, land which belongs to Nawaja's own family.Шаблон:Sfn Nawi said that he "feels like crap" for fingering these agents by deceptive means. Nawi reacted to the report's claim that he used measures of entrapment by stating that

The opposite is true. He came to me and presented himself as a land broker. Since I assumed he was sent to frame me and tarnish my name in the Palestinian community, I had no choice but to report the incident to the Palestinian Authority, lest I be deemed a land buyer. I regret that the report is part of the effort to sabotage my activities, and the activities of my friends alongside the Palestinians.Шаблон:Sfn

The Palestinian penal code, adopting a principle from the previous Jordanian legal system,Шаблон:Sfn imposes a sentence of capital punishment for anyone convicted of the sale of land to Israelis,Шаблон:Sfn or, according to other sources, to Jews.Шаблон:Sfn The law, defended by Palestinian officials as designed to prevent takeovers by settlers, has never been officially implemented.

Ad Kan, the day after the programme was telecast, filed a complaint with the Israeli police against Nawi and two other Ta'ayush activists, and against B'Tselem's Nasser Nawaja.Шаблон:Sfn On 11 January 2016, Nawi was arrested at Ben Gurion airport, after purchasing a flight ticket, on the suspicion of being an accessory to manslaughter, of conspiring in attempted murder, of contacting a foreign agent, of transporting an individual in Israel without a permit, and of using drugs.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn Subsequently, both Nasser Nawaja and a third activist Guy Butavia were arrested, denied a lawyer, with a gag order being placed on their cases as well. Butavia was released on 21 January, and Nawi remanded until 24 January.Шаблон:Sfn The immediate release of Nawaja was ordered by a judge, for what his lawyer called a "false arrest", since Israel had no jurisdiction in the matter. The police transferred him to Ofer prison, in what B'Tselem called a contempt of the court ruling.Шаблон:Sfn On 24 January a judge ordered Nawi's release to house arrest, and criticized the prosecution for failing to clarify the allegation that he was involved in the death of a Palestinian selling land. Nawi had tipped off relatives of a certain Abu Khalil that the latter was considering a land swap with an Israeli, Yonathan. His relatives would have been harmed by the sale. Some time afterwards, Abu Khalil died. The police failed to provide evidence on the cause of death.Шаблон:Sfn An appeal by the police against the lower court decision ordering his release was rejected on 25 January by the Jerusalem Magistrate's Court.Шаблон:Sfn According to his lawyer, Eitan Peleg, the police failed to determine whether the putative victim was dead or not.Шаблон:Sfn On 28 January, Judge David Shaul Gabai Richter nullified the cause for the arrest of both Butavia and Nawi, stating there was nothing in the evidence to substantiate the police's central allegation. He rejected a police appeal that Nawi be banned from the West Bank. He added that the case was part of a political controversy in which one side attacked the other. It was not the court's function, he concluded, to bother with politics.Шаблон:Sfn An appeal by police against the decision, which ruled that a ban infringed their freedom of occupation and expression, was heard on 31 January, and partially overturned Richter's ruling. The police requested that the two activists be barred from the West Bank for 2 months was partially accepted when judge Moshe Bar-Am ruled reasonable suspicions exist, and that they were to be denied entry to the West Bank for two weeks.Шаблон:Sfn

Responses

Both B'Tselem and Ta'ayush criticized the programme for basing their investigation almost wholly on materials passed onto them by people who infiltrated Nawi's group. Rabbis for Human Rights suspended their collaboration with Nawi until hearings could clarify the circumstances. Veterans for Breaking the Silence refused to reply to inquiries by Channel 2 stating:'"We don't work for the Stasi and we don't reply to the Stasi inquiries. Whoever wants a Soviet bloc-style police state—good for them".'Шаблон:Sfn

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu commented that the documentary had "unmasked radicals among us, whose hatred for settlements has pushed them over the edge to the point of delivering innocents for torture and execution. Those who encourage murder cannot continue to hide behind the hypocritical pretense of caring for human rights."Шаблон:Sfn Defense Minister Moshe Ya'alon linked the incident to the BDS movement and said so-called "peace groups" would even kill Palestinians in order to trash and tarnish Israel.Шаблон:Sfn Naftali Bennett cited the case in an attack on the bona fides of the New Israel Fund and the European Union in funding Israeli human rights activists, and called on the British and French ambassadors to stop funding both Ta'ayush and B'Tselem.Шаблон:Sfn

Yuval Diskin stated Nawi should be jailed quickly but cautioned that "the data shows that there is no basis for comparison between violence coming from the right and violence coming from the left."Шаблон:Sfn B'Tselem commented on its Facebook page that while opposed to tortures and executions, reporting Palestinians who intend to sell Israelis Palestinian land was "the only legitimate course of action."Шаблон:Sfn Attorney Leah Tsemel, who defends Palestinian rights, said the complaint would not be difficult to deal with.Шаблон:Sfn Gideon Levy criticized Uvda's presentation, writing that it systematically ignored the crimes of Israel's occupation of the West Bank, and noted that Nawi was being likened to the perpetrators of the Duma arson attack.Шаблон:Sfn Both Levy and Amira Hass wrote that Uvda had failed its brief as an outlet for investigative journalism by lending its services uncritically to what Levy called a McCarthyist right-wing organization about which nothing is known (Levy) or passing on a "puff piece for a privatized, mini-Shin Bet" (Hass). They say that no background research on the sources or the contexts had been conducted.Шаблон:Sfn For David Shulman, Nawi's work is one of the main reasons why the civilian Palestinian population in the South Hebron hills still maintains a precarious purchase on fragments of their historic lands, and the entire episode, mounted by "moles" from a shadowy organization to discredit him has, he concludes, all the appearance of a sting operation to trap him and "legitimize the theft of Palestinian land."Шаблон:Sfn

Films about Nawi

Nawi's story has been recounted in two documentary films. In 2005, Canadian-Jewish filmmaker Elle Flanders made a documentary entitled Zero Degree of Separation, which intertwined the story of her family in Jerusalem, for whom Ezra Nawi once worked as a gardener, with the lives of two gay couples, one of which was Nawi and his companion.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn In 2007, a further film about Nawi's life and work, "Citizen Nawi" (HaEzrach Nawi)Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn directed by Nissim Mossek and produced by Sharon Schaveet, premiered at the Jerusalem Film Festival, where it won a special jury mention.Шаблон:Sfn The film documents the plight of the Bedouin,Шаблон:Sfn the difficulties of Israeli-Palestinian relations, and the hardships of being gay. Made over five years on a shoe-string budget, it was judged a somewhat messy docu by Variety film critic Leslie Felperin, who thought its director "too in love with its subject to ask tough questions". Yet, he added, it managed "to expose both Israeli and Arab bigotry and has its heart in the right liberal place".Шаблон:Sfn Raya Morag sees the film as basically about deep-seated Israeli homophobia and racism.Шаблон:Sfn Dan DiLandro, reviewing for Educational Media Reviews, wrote that the film had a number of evident problems, technical and narrative, yet judged it "an important work that shed light on many of the area's conflicts and dynamics".Шаблон:Sfn Michael Fox, writing for J. The Jewish News of Northern California, finds "Citizen Nawi" to be "a rough-hewn profile in courage that diligently tallies the cost of conscience", and writes of the "discomfiting power" of a "raw and occasionally wrenching film", which stirs a "certain cognitive dissonance" when one "sees Nawi threatened and insulted in the crudest terms by religious Jewish settlers and embraced as a trusted friend by a Palestinian family living in a tent". For Fox, as the film follows Nawi's travails with his lover, run-ins with the police, and battles with settlers, it suddenly jolts one out of the initial impression that Nawi's activism has liberal roots:-

"One just assumes that Nawi has always been a liberal, and that his treks to the West Bank reflect a longstanding empathy for the Palestinians. It comes as a shock when he remarks well into the film that he wasn't particularly aware of or concerned about their day-to-day hardships until he got involved with Fuad".Шаблон:Sfn

Nawi's instincts, Fox concludes, are those of the humanist, and the director Mossek's gutsiest move was to have made "a film that doesn't aim to inspire us with platitudes but instead tries to shock us with the hard business of building a road to peace".Шаблон:Sfn

Nawi's example has also influenced the Israeli film-maker Ra'anan Alexandrowicz.Шаблон:Sfn

Notes

Шаблон:Notelist

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Sources

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

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