Английская Википедия:FC Zenit Saint Petersburg
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Other uses Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox football club Шаблон:Zenit Saint Petersburg sections Football Club Zenit (Шаблон:Lang-ru Шаблон:IPA-ru), also known as Zenit Saint Petersburg or simply Zenit, is a Russian professional football club based in Saint Petersburg. Founded in 1925 (or in 1914, according to some Russian sources), the club plays in the Russian Premier League. Zenit are the reigning champions of the Russian Premier League. Previously they won the 2007, 2010, 2011–12, 2014–15, 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21 and the 2021–22 seasons of the Russian Premier League, as well as the 2007–08 UEFA Cup and the 2008 UEFA Super Cup. The club is owned and sponsored by the Russian state-owned energy giant Gazprom. The team play its home matches at the Gazprom Arena. In March 2022, the club was expelled from all European and international club competitions by FIFA and the UEFA due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[1] In addition, the European Club Association suspended the team.[2]
History
Before Zenit
Zenit's history is tightly connected with the political history of Saint Petersburg, Russia (also called "Petrograd" and "Leningrad" at times in its history). In 1897, the first officially-recorded football match in Russia was held in Saint Petersburg on Vasilievsky Island, an unofficial game between the local English team "Ostrov" and the local Russian team "Petrograd," which the English team won, 6–0. The players of those local teams were amateurs and loosely associated with each other.Шаблон:Citation needed
Formation of Zenit
The original Zenit team stemmed from several football teams, which changed names and owners many times during the Soviet era after the Revolution of 1917, as powerful political forces manipulated the careers of individual players as well as the fate of the whole team. The club was renamed several times and its owners and leaders were under political pressure for many decades. The origins of Zenit date back to the beginning of the 20th century to several predecessor teams in Saint Petersburg that were playing locally. The oldest documented predecessor of Zenit was the team "Murzinka," founded in 1914, which played in the Obukhovsky stadium from 1914 until 1924, when the team came to be known as "Bolshevik" (the new name for Obukhovsky industry and its stadium). The team and stadium survived the drama of World War I, the Bolshevik revolution of 1917, and the Russian Civil War of 1918 to 1922.Шаблон:Citation needed
In 1925, another predecessor team of Zenit was formed, of workers from the Leningradsky Metallichesky Zavod (Leningrad Metal Plant); they were called the "Stalinets" in the 1930s. (Stalinets translates literally to English as "Stalinist"; however, in Russian, the name is a play on words as stal means "steel".) Historians documented that both predecessor teams of Zenit were playing independently until their official merger at the end of 1939. The Stalinets were not the same team named Zenit that took part in the 1938 USSR championship. The current name of FC Zenit was registered in 1936 (as Bolshevik became part of the Zenit sports society and was renamed), three years before the Stalinets merged with it. The name Zenit means "Zenith".Шаблон:Citation needed
In 1939, during the rule of Joseph Stalin, Leningradsky Metallichesky Zavod became part of the military industry and its sports teams, players, and managers were transferred to the Zenit sports society. FC Zenit was ordered to take in members of the "Stalinets" metallurgical workers' team after the end of the 1939 season.Шаблон:Citation needed
Zenit in the Soviet League
Zenit won their first honours in 1944, claiming the war-time USSR Cup after defeating CSKA Moscow in the well-attended final. The club was always adored in Leningrad,Шаблон:Citation needed but was not able to make much of a significant impact in the Soviet League. In 1967, Zenit finished last but were saved from relegation because the Soviet leadership decided it would not be prudent to relegate a Leningrad team during the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution, which occurred in the city. Composer Dmitry Shostakovich and film star Kirill Lavrov were well known as ardent supporters of Zenit, a passion that is reflected in their attendance of many games.Шаблон:Citation needed Zenit won the bronze medal in 1980, also reaching the Soviet Cup Final and winning the Soviet League title in 1984. In 1985, Zenit beat the Soviet Cup holder in the Soviet Super Cup (also called the Season Cup).Шаблон:Citation needed
Zenit in the Russian League
The LOMO optical plant took up the ownership of the team after the war.Шаблон:Vague In 1990, FC Zenit were re-registered as an independent city-owned professional club. In 1992, After being relegated in the first year of the Russian League,[3] Zenit returned to the top flight in 1996 and has been decent since. They claimed the 1999 Russian Cup, finished third in the League in 2001, made the Cup final in 2002, became the runners-up in the Premier League and won the Russian Premier League Cup in 2003.Шаблон:Citation needed
Gazprom era
In December 2005, Gazprom took a controlling stake in the club.[4] The deal was announced by Valentina Matviyenko, the Saint Petersburg governor. Gazprom bought the majority of the club.Шаблон:Citation needed
Under Advocaat
Although Zenit reached the quarter-finals of the UEFA Cup in 2006, a mediocre start to the league season led to the summer replacement of coach Vlastimil Petržela. In July 2006, Dick Advocaat[5] took over as Zenit's manager. Advocaat worked together with his assistant manager, former Netherlands national youth team coach Cor Pot. Zenit won the 2007 Russian Premier League—their best league achievement since winning the USSR Championship in 1984—allowing them to compete in the group stage of the 2008–09 UEFA Champions League.Шаблон:Citation needed
In 2008, Zenit won the Russian Super Cup and reached the quarter-final of the UEFA Cup for the second time in their history. In the first leg of the quarter-final away game against German side Bayer Leverkusen, the team achieved a 4–1 victory. They qualified for the semi-finals of the competition for the first time in their history, despite a 1–0 home loss to Leverkusen in the second leg, and were drawn to play further German opposition in the semi-final, Bayern Munich, considered the top team remaining.[6] A battling performance in the first leg of the semi-final earned Zenit a 1–1 draw away against Bayern Munich. In the second leg at home, Zenit won 4–0, defeating Bayern 5–1 on aggregate and going through to the UEFA Cup Final for the first time in club history, where they met Scottish side Rangers at the City of Manchester Stadium in Manchester on 14 May. Zenit won 2–0, with goals from Igor Denisov in the 72nd minute and Konstantin Zyryanov in stoppage time, to lift the club's first-ever UEFA Cup. Andrey Arshavin was named man of the match.[7]
On 29 August 2008, at the Stade Louis II in Monaco, Zenit then defeated Manchester United 2–1 in the 2008 UEFA Super Cup, becoming the first Russian side to win the trophy. Pavel Pogrebnyak scored the first goal and Danny scored the second, the latter being named man of the match in his debut for Zenit.[8]
In the 2008–09 Champions League group stage, Zenit was grouped with Real Madrid, Juventus and BATE Borisov in Group H, which by some was marked as the "group of death." Zenit ultimately finished in third place in the group, behind Juventus and Real Madrid, and was thus unable to progress to the knockout phase of the competition. This position, however, was good enough to earn the club a place in the 2008–09 UEFA Cup last 32, where the team faced VfB Stuttgart for a place in the last 16 of the competition. After defeating Stuttgart on away goals, Zenit went on to lose 2–1 over two legs against Italian club Udinese.Шаблон:Citation needed
Under Spalletti
Luciano Spalletti signed a contract with Zenit in December 2009, with Italian coaches Daniele Baldini, Marco Domenichini and Alberto Bartali also joining the Russian club. The Board of Zenit mandated him to return the Russian Premier League title to Zenit, win the Russian Cup and progress from the group stage of the Champions League in his first year.Шаблон:Citation needed
Zenit won the Russian Cup on 16 May 2010 after beating Sibir Novosibirsk in the final (previously beating Volga Tver in the quarter-finals and Amkar Perm in the semi-finals). After 16 games in the 2010 Premier League, with 12 wins and four draws, Zenit claimed 40 points, setting a new Russian Premier League record for most points won at that stage of the campaign.Шаблон:Citation needed
On 25 August 2010, Zenit lost its first game under Spalletti to French side Auxerre and failed to advance to the Champions League group stage, instead participating in the Europa League. On 3 October, Zenit beat Spartak Nalchik to set another Russian Premier League record for most consecutive games going undefeated, with 21 games since the start of the league season. On 27 October, however, Zenit suffered its first defeat of the season at the hands of rival club Spartak Moscow, just seven games short of finishing the championship undefeated. On 14 November, Zenit defeated Rostov and two games prior to the end of the season won the championship title, the first in Spalletti's managerial career.Шаблон:Citation needed
Zenit progressed through the knockout stage of the 2010–11 Europa League in first place, then beating Swiss side Young Boys in the Round of 16. On 6 March 2011, Zenit won against CSKA Moscow in the Russian Super Cup, the third Russian trophy won under Spalletti. On 17 March, however, Zenit were knocked out of the Europa League, losing to Dutch team Twente 2–3 on aggregate in the quarter-finals.Шаблон:Citation needed
In the 2011–12 Champions League, Zenit began the group stage drawn into Group G alongside Porto, Shakhtar Donetsk and APOEL. On 6 December 2011, the team finished the group stage in second place and for the first time in club's history qualified for the spring knockout phase of Champions League. In the Round of 16, Zenit were drawn with Portuguese side Benfica, winning the first leg 3–2 at home through two goals from Roman Shirokov and one from Sergei Semak. In the second leg in Lisbon, however, Zenit lost 2–0 and were thus eliminated from the competition.
In April 2012, Zenit won their second-straight Russian Championship after beating Dynamo Moscow.[9]
Under Villas-Boas
After a series of disappointing results in both the Champions League and the Premier League, Spalletti was fired on 11 March 2014.[10] A week later, the club announced they had negotiated a two-year deal with André Villas-Boas, who himself had been released a few months prior after a disappointing stint as manager of English side Tottenham Hotspur.[11] In the 2014–15 Europa League, Zenit were eliminated in the quarter-finals by eventual champions Sevilla. In May 2015, Zenit won the Russian Championship, the first championship title under Villas-Boas and the team's fifth-ever on the eve of its 90th anniversary celebration. Zenit then defeated Lokomotiv Moscow in the 2015 Russian Super Cup 1–1 (4–2 on penalties).Шаблон:Citation needed
Later in the 2015 calendar year, Villas-Boas said that he would be leaving the club after the 2015–16 season. In the 2015–16 Champions League, Zenit began the competition in the group stage. They were drawn in Group H alongside Valencia, Lyon and Gent. They ended the group stage with their best group stage finish ever, winning five out of six matches and emerging as group winners. They were, however, eliminated from the competition in the Round of 16 by Portuguese side Benfica.Шаблон:Citation needed
On 24 May 2016 Villas-Boas left the club at the end of the season, with Mircea Lucescu appointed the new manager of Zenit.[12][13]
Under Lucescu and Mancini
In July 2016 Zenit won the Russian Super Cup after a 0–1 victory over CSKA Moscow.Шаблон:Citation needed
During the 2016–17 Europa League, Zenit began the group stage drawn into Group D alongside Maccabi Tel Aviv, AZ Alkmaar and Dundalk. On 8 December 2016, the team finished the group stage in first place and qualified for the spring knockout phase of Europa League. In the round of 32, Zenit faced R.S.C. Anderlecht and was eliminated 3–3 on aggregate due to the away goals rule. In the league, Zenit's performances in the spring were disappointing and as such the club finished third and missed out on the Champions League for the second year in a row. Zenit was also eliminated in the round of 16 by FC Anzhi Makhachkala 0–4 on aggregate after an abysmal performance. The first (and last) season of Mircea Lucescu was a complete disappointment despite the expectations.Шаблон:Citation needed
On 1 June 2017 Zenit appointed Roberto Mancini as the new manager of the team.[14] On 13 May 2018, Mancini terminated his contract by mutual consent.[15]
Under Semak
In May 2018, Mancini left to become the head coach of the Italy national football team. Sergey Semak became the new manager of Zenit, receiving a two-year contract.[16]
In August 2018, during the 1st leg of the 3rd qualification round of the UEFA Europa League, Zenit suffered a 0–4 loss to Dynamo Minsk. During the 2nd leg back on home ground, Zenit made a comeback winning 8–1, scoring 3 goals in the second half and 4 goals in the second half of the extra time, with 2 goals scored in the 120th minute.[17] Zenit went on to beat Molde FK 4–3 on aggregate in the next round, entering the group stage of 2018-19 UEFA Europa League.[18]
In March 2020, the league was forced to halt due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia.[19] Zenit secured another title on 5 July 2020 after a victory over FC Krasnodar, with 4 games left to play in the tournament.[20]
On 2 May 2021, Zenit secured their third title in a row in a 6–1 victory over second-place FC Lokomotiv Moscow.[21] Zenit opened the 2021–22 season with a seventh win in the Russian Super Cup after a 3–0 win over Lokomotiv Moscow, but without major key players who left the club like Yuri Zhirkov, Andrei Lunev, and Sebastián Driussi.Шаблон:Citation needed
After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, former Ukrainian international Yaroslav Rakitskiy made a pro-Ukrainian post on Instagram and severed his contract with the team.[22][23] FIFA and the UEFA indefinitely suspended the team from their competitions.[1] In addition, the European Club Association suspended the team.[2]
On 30 April 2022, Zenit secured their fourth title in a row and eighth overall.[24] Many of Zenit's foreign players have not been able to leave Russia, unable to secure moves away from Russian clubs, due to western sanctions placed upon the country as a result of Russia's war with Ukraine. [25]
On 7 May 2023, Zenit secured their fifth title in a row and ninth overall.[26]
In 2024, Zenit was one of the organizers of the Equality Cup, an international football tournament.[27]
Stadiums
Шаблон:Main Шаблон:Multiple image Zenit's home ground is now the 67,800-capacity Krestovsky Stadium, known as Gazprom Arena for sponsorship reasons, in Saint Petersburg.Шаблон:Citation needed Petrovsky Stadium used to be the home ground of the team before the new Krestovsky Stadium was built.Шаблон:Citation needed Before moving to the Petrovsky Stadium, Zenit's home ground was the Kirov Stadium. It stood on the site where the Krestovsky Stadium was later erected.Шаблон:Citation needed
Honours
Domestic competitions
- Soviet Top League / Russian Premier League[28]
- Soviet Cup / Russian Cup[29]
- Soviet Super Cup / Russian Super Cup
- USSR Federation Cup / Russian Premier League Cup
- Soviet First League / Russian National Football League
- Runners-up: 1993 (Center)
- The Atlantic Cup
International competitions
League and cup history
Soviet Union
Season Div. Pos. Pl. W D L GS GA P Domestic Cup Europe 1936 2nd 3 6 9 9 13 1936 2nd 6 7 6 13 12 Round of 16 1937 2nd 4 12 22 18 25 Round of 128 1938 1st 14 25 7 10 8 38 57 24 Round of 16 1939 1st 11 26 7 7 12 30 46 21 Runner-up 1940 1st 10 24 6 6 12 37 42 18 1944 Winner 1945 1st 6 8 7 7 35 31 23 Semi-final 1946 1st 9 22 5 5 12 22 45 15 Round of 16 1947 1st 6 24 10 2 12 35 49 22 Quarter-final 1948 1st 13 26 4 9 13 29 48 17 Round of 16 1949 1st 5 34 17 8 9 48 48 42 Quarter-final 1950 1st 6 36 19 5 12 70 59 43 Quarter-final 1951 1st 7 28 10 8 10 36 40 28 Round of 16 1952 1st 7 13 6 2 5 20 21 14 Quarter-final 1953 1st 5 20 11 1 8 25 21 23 Round of 16 1954 1st 7 24 8 7 9 27 26 23 Semi-final 1955 1st 8 22 5 8 9 23 36 18 Round of 16 1956 1st 9 22 4 11 7 27 43 19 1957 1st 10 22 4 7 11 23 41 15 Round of 16 1958 1st 4 22 9 8 5 41 32 26 Round of 16 1959 1st 8 22 8 4 10 29 38 20 1960 1st 15 30 14 5 11 47 37 33 Round of 32 1961 1st 13 32 12 8 12 50 52 32 Semi-final 1962 1st 11 32 11 7 14 53 42 29 Round of 32 1963 1st 6 38 14 17 7 45 32 45 Round of 32 1964 1st 11 32 9 9 14 30 35 27 Round of 16 1965 1st 9 32 10 12 10 32 32 32 Round of 32 1966 1st 16 36 10 8 18 35 54 28 Round of 16 1967 1st 19 36 6 9 21 28 63 21 Round of 32 1968 1st 11 38 10 14 14 35 49 34 Round of 32 1969 1st 9 26 6 9 11 21 34 21 Round of 16 1970 1st 14 32 10 7 15 30 40 27 Quarter-final 1971 1st 13 30 8 10 12 29 32 26 Quarter-final 1972 1st 7 30 11 11 8 44 30 33 Quarter-final 1973 1st 11 30 9 12 9 33 35 21 Round of 16 1974 1st 7 30 8 15 7 36 41 31 Round of 16 1975 1st 14 30 7 10 13 27 42 24 Round of 16 1976 1st 13 15 4 5 6 14 15 13 1976 1st 5 15 6 4 5 22 16 16 Round of 16 1977 1st 10 30 8 12 10 34 33 28 Semi-final 1978 1st 10 30 9 8 13 31 46 26 Quarter-final 1979 1st 10 34 11 9 14 41 45 30 Group stage 1980 1st 3 34 16 10 8 51 42 42 Group stage 1981 1st 15 34 9 10 15 33 43 28 Round of 16 1982 1st 7 34 12 9 13 44 41 33 Group stage UC First round 1983 1st 4 34 15 11 8 42 32 40 Semi-final 1984 1st 1 34 19 9 6 60 32 47 Runner-up 1985 1st 6 34 14 7 13 48 38 35 Semi-final 1986 1st 4 30 12 9 9 44 36 33 Semi-final ECC Second round 1987 1st 14 30 7 10 13 25 37 24 Round of 16 1988 1st 6 30 11 9 10 35 34 31 Round of 16 UC First round 1989 1st 16 30 5 9 16 24 48 19 Round of 16 1990 2nd 18 38 8 14 16 35 41 30 Round of 32 UC Second round 1991 2nd 18 42 11 14 17 44 50 36 Round of 32
Russia
League positions
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from:01/07/1991 till:01/07/1992 shift:(0,-4) text:16 from:01/07/1992 till:01/07/1993 shift:(0,-4) text:2 from:01/07/1993 till:01/07/1994 shift:(0,-4) text:14 from:01/07/1994 till:01/07/1995 shift:(0,-4) text:3 from:01/07/1995 till:01/07/1996 shift:(0,-4) text:10 from:01/07/1996 till:01/07/1997 shift:(0,-4) text:8 from:01/07/1997 till:01/07/1998 shift:(0,-4) text:5 from:01/07/1998 till:01/07/1999 shift:(0,-4) text:8 from:01/07/1999 till:01/07/2000 shift:(0,-4) text:7 from:01/07/2000 till:01/07/2001 shift:(0,-4) text:3 from:01/07/2001 till:01/07/2002 shift:(0,-4) text:10 from:01/07/2002 till:01/07/2003 shift:(0,-4) text:2 from:01/07/2003 till:01/07/2004 shift:(0,-4) text:4 from:01/07/2004 till:01/07/2005 shift:(0,-4) text:6 from:01/07/2005 till:01/07/2006 shift:(0,-4) text:4 from:01/07/2006 till:01/07/2007 shift:(0,-4) text:1 from:01/07/2007 till:01/07/2008 shift:(0,-4) text:5 from:01/07/2008 till:01/07/2009 shift:(0,-4) text:3 from:01/07/2009 till:01/07/2010 shift:(0,-4) text:1 from:01/07/2010 till:01/07/2011 shift:(0,-4) text:1 from:01/01/2011 till:01/07/2012 shift:(0,-4) text:2 from:01/07/2012 till:01/07/2013 shift:(0,-4) text:2 from:01/07/2013 till:01/07/2014 shift:(0,-4) text:1 from:01/07/2014 till:01/07/2015 shift:(0,-4) text:3 from:01/07/2015 till:01/07/2016 shift:(0,-4) text:3 from:01/07/2016 till:01/07/2017 shift:(0,-4) text:5 from:01/07/2017 till:01/07/2018 shift:(0,-4) text:1 from:01/07/2018 till:01/07/2019 shift:(0,-4) text:1 from:01/07/2019 till:01/07/2020 shift:(0,-4) text:1 from:01/07/2020 till:01/07/2021 shift:(0,-4) text:1 from:01/07/2021 till:01/07/2022 shift:(0,-4) text:1
from:01/01/1991 till:01/07/1992 color:bl1 shift:(0,13) text: "VL" from:01/07/1992 till:01/07/1995 color:bl2 shift:(0,13) text: "RFNL" from:01/07/1995 till:01/07/1997 color:bl1 shift:(0,13) text: "VL" from:01/07/1997 till:01/07/2001 color:bl1 shift:(0,13) text: "VD" from:01/07/2001 till:01/07/2022 color:bl1 shift:(0,13) text: "Russian Premier League"
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Players
Current squad
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Out on loan
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Reserve squad
Шаблон:Main Zenit's reserve squad played professionally as Zenit-2 (Russian Second League in 1993, Russian Second Division from 1998 to 2000) and Zenit-d (Russian Third League from 1994 to 1997). Another team that was founded as Lokomotiv-Zenit-2 played as Zenit-2 in the Russian Second Division from 2001 to 2008. By 2008, there was no relation between that team and FC Zenit. Another farm club called FC Smena-Zenit debuted in the Russian Second Division in 2009, taking the spot of the former FC Zenit-2. FC Smena-Zenit was dissolved after the 2009 season because it did not fulfill Zenit's initial expectations. Zenit-2 reentered professional football in the 2013–14 season in the Russian Professional Football League.
Team captains
| Name | Years |
|---|---|
| Шаблон:Flag icon Aleksey Naumov | 1992 |
| Шаблон:Flag icon Oleg Dmitriyev | 1993–94 |
| Шаблон:Flag icon Vladimir Kulik | 1995–96 |
| Шаблон:Flag icon Yuriy Vernydub | 1997–2000 |
| Шаблон:Flag icon Andrey Kobelev | 2000–01 |
| Шаблон:Flag icon Aleksei Igonin | 2002–03 |
| Шаблон:Flag icon Vladislav Radimov | 2003–07 |
| Шаблон:Flag icon Andrey Arshavin | 2007 |
| Шаблон:Flag icon Erik Hagen | 2007 |
| Шаблон:Flag icon Anatoliy Tymoshchuk | 2007–09 |
| Шаблон:Flag icon Aleksandr Anyukov | 2009–12, 2018–19 |
| Шаблон:Flag icon Vyacheslav Malafeev | 2012 |
| Шаблон:Flag icon Roman Shirokov | 2013 |
| Шаблон:Flag icon Konstantin Zyryanov | 2013–14 |
| Шаблон:Flag icon Danny | 2014–17 |
| Шаблон:Flag icon Domenico Criscito | 2017–18 |
| Шаблон:Flag icon Branislav Ivanović | 2019–20 |
| Шаблон:Flag icon Artem Dzyuba | 2020 |
| Шаблон:Flag icon Dejan Lovren | 2020–22 |
| Шаблон:Flag icon Douglas Santos | 2023– |
Club officials
Board of directors
Шаблон:Fb oi footerШаблон:Col-beginШаблон:Col-2Шаблон:Col-end In July 2023, by decision of the board of directors, a new executive body, the board, was created at Zenit. The purpose of creating a new structure is to streamline the decision-making process and increase the planning horizon. The board included CEO Alexander Medvedev as chairman, his deputies and heads of departments Andrey Arshavin, Alexander Vasilyev, Zhanna Dembo, Oleg Zadubrovsky, Vladimir Litvinov, Alexey Pak, Maxim Pogorelov, head coach Sergey Semak.[33]Management
| Position | Name |
|---|---|
| General Director | Alexander Medvedev |
| Sporting Director | Vacant |
| Deputy General Directors | Dmitri Mankin |
| Deputy General Directors | Vyacheslav Malafeev |
| Deputy General Directors | Rosteslav Leontyev |
| Deputy General Directors | Zhanna Dembo |
| Deputy General Directors | Yury Andreyevich |
| Director of the "Smena" study-practice complex | Vasily Kostrovsky |
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ 40,0 40,1 Шаблон:Cite web
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