Английская Википедия:F minor
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox scale F minor is a minor scale based on F, consisting of the pitches F, G, [[A♭ (musical note)|AШаблон:Music]], [[B♭ (musical note)|BШаблон:Music]], C, [[D♭ (musical note)|DШаблон:Music]], and [[E♭ (musical note)|EШаблон:Music]]. Its key signature consists of four flats. Its relative major is A-flat major and its parallel major is F major. Its enharmonic equivalent, E-sharp minor, has six sharps and the double sharp FШаблон:Music, which makes it impractical to use.
Scale and scale-degree chords
The F natural minor scale is
- <score sound="1"> {
\omit Score.TimeSignature \relative c' {
\key f \minor \time 7/4 f^"F natural minor scale" g aes bes c des es f es des c bes aes g f2 \clef F \key f \minor
} } </score>
Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The F harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are
- <score sound="1"> {
\omit Score.TimeSignature \relative c' {
\key f \minor \time 7/4 f^"F harmonic minor scale" g aes bes c des e f e des c bes aes g f2
} } </score>
- <score sound="1"> {
\omit Score.TimeSignature \relative c' {
\key f \minor \time 7/4 f^"F melodic minor scale (ascending and descending)" g aes bes c d e f es? des? c bes aes g f2
} } </score>
The scale-degree chords of F minor are:
- Tonic – F minor
- Supertonic – G diminished
- Mediant – A-flat major
- Subdominant – B-flat minor
- Dominant – C minor
- Submediant – D-flat major
- Subtonic – E-flat major
Music in F minor
Famous pieces in the key of F minor include Beethoven's Appassionata Sonata, Chopin's Piano Concerto No. 2, Ballade No. 4, Haydn's Symphony No. 49, La Passione and Tchaikovsky’s Symphony No. 4.
Glenn Gould once said if he could be any key, he would be F minor, because "it's rather dour, halfway between complex and stable, between upright and lascivious, between gray and highly tinted... There is a certain obliqueness."[1]
Hermann von Helmholtz once described F minor as harrowing and melancholy. Christian Schubart described this key as "Deep depression, funereal lament, groans of misery and longing for the grave".[2]
Notable compositions
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Div col
- Giovanni Battista Pergolesi
- Antonio Vivaldi
- "Winter" from The Four Seasons, RV 297
- Johann Sebastian Bach
- Joseph Haydn
- Symphony No. 49 ("La Passione")
- Variations in F minor
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
- Aria "L'ho perduta, me meschina" from The Marriage of Figaro, act 4
- Adagio and Allegro in F minor for a mechanical organ, K. 594
- Jan Ladislav Dussek
- Ludwig van Beethoven
- Egmont, Op. 84: Overture in F minor
- Piano Sonata No. 1, Op. 2/1
- Piano Sonata No. 23 (Appassionata), Op. 57
- String Quartet No. 11 "Serioso", Op. 95
- Felix Mendelssohn
- Carl Maria von Weber
- Frédéric Chopin
- Charles-Valentin Alkan
- Franz Liszt
- Franz Schubert
- Fantasia in F minor
- Impromptu No. 1, Op. 142
- Impromptu No. 4, Op. 142
- Robert Schumann
- Johannes Brahms
- Piano Quintet, Op. 34
- Piano Sonata No. 3, Op. 5
- Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
- Anton Bruckner
- Alexander Borodin
- Paul Dukas
- Ralph Vaughan Williams
- Dmitri Shostakovich
- Symphony No. 1
- String Quartet No. 11, Op. 122
E-sharp minor
E-sharp minor is a theoretical key based on the musical note [[E♯ (musical note)|EШаблон:Music]], consisting of the pitches EШаблон:Music, FШаблон:Music, [[G♯ (musical note)|GШаблон:Music]], [[A♯ (musical note)|AШаблон:Music]], [[B♯ (musical note)|BШаблон:Music]], [[C♯ (musical note)|CШаблон:Music]] and [[D♯ (musical note)|DШаблон:Music]]. Its key signature has one double sharp and six sharps (or eight sharps). Its relative major is G-sharp major, which is usually replaced by A-flat major. Its parallel major, E-sharp major, is usually replaced by F major, as E-sharp major’s four double-sharps make it impractical to use. It's enharmonic minor is F minor whose key signature has four flats. Because of that enharmonic relationship, it is usually noted as the enharmonic equivalent of F minor instead of E-sharp minor.
The E-sharp natural minor scale is:
- <score sound="1"> {
\omit Score.TimeSignature \relative c' {
\key eis \minor \time 7/4 eis^"Natural minor scale" fisis gis ais bis cis dis eis dis cis bis ais gis fisis eis2 \clef F \key eis \minor
} } </score>
Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The E-sharp harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are:
- <score sound="1"> {
\omit Score.TimeSignature \relative c' {
\key eis \minor \time 7/4 eis^"Harmonic minor scale" fisis gis ais bis cis disis eis disis cis bis ais gis fisis eis2
} } </score>
- <score sound="1"> {
\omit Score.TimeSignature \relative c' {
\key eis \minor \time 7/4 eis^"Melodic minor scale (ascending and descending)" fisis gis ais bis cisis disis eis dis? cis? bis ais gis fisis eis2
} } </score>
Although E-sharp minor is usually notated as F minor, it could be used on a local level, such as bars 17 to 22 in Johann Sebastian Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier, Book 1, Prelude and Fugue No. 3 in C-sharp major. (E-sharp minor is the mediant minor key of C-sharp major.)
The scale-degree chords of E-sharp minor are:
- Tonic – E-sharp minor
- Supertonic – F-double-sharp diminished
- Mediant – G-sharp major
- Subdominant – A-sharp minor
- Dominant – B-sharp minor
- Submediant – C-sharp major
- Subtonic – D-sharp major
See also
Notes
External links
- ↑ Cathering Meng, Tonight's the Night (Apostrophe Books, 2007): 21
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
