Английская Википедия:Fadl ibn Muhammad
Шаблон:Infobox monarch Al-Fadhl ibn Muhammad al-Shaddadi (also al-Fadl ibn Muhammad, Fadl ibn Muhammad, Fadlun ibn Muhammad, Fadhlun ibn Muhammad, or Fadl I was the Shaddadid emir of Arran from 985 to 1031. Of Kurdish origin, al-Fadhl was called "Fadhlun the Kurd" by ibn al-Athir and other Arabic historians. Al-Fadhl was the first Shaddadid emir to issue coinage, locating his mint first at Partav (Barda'a) and was later transferred to Ganja.[1]
Al-Fadhl built a bridge across the Araxes with the intent to raid the Rawadids, and led an expedition against the Khazars around 1030.[2] The Khazars reportedly killed 10,000 of his soldiers. Since the Khazar Khaganate had been destroyed in 969, it is unclear whether these Khazars were from a successor state or kingdom located in the Caucasus, were subjects of a Kipchak or Pecheneg ruler, or whether ibn al-Athir was mistaken or was using "Khazars" as a generic term for steppe people.
In 993, the army of Fadl I captured Barda and Beylagan.[3] During his reign, there were clashes with the Georgian kings, the Byzantines (1037-1038), the Alans and the Rus.[4] Friendly relations were maintained with the Rawadids, the Shirvanshahs, and the Emirate of Tbilisi.[5]
According to Ibn al-Athir, Fadl I launched a campaign against the Khazars in 1030.[6]
Al-Fadhl died in 1031 and was succeeded by his son Abu'l-Fath Musa.
References
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ C.E. Bosworth, "Shaddadids", The Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol.IX, Ed. C.E.Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P.Heinrichs and G.Lecomte, (Brill, 1997), 169.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
Sources
- C.E Bosworth. "Arran". Encyclopaedia Iranica
- Douglas M. Dunlop. The History of the Jewish Khazars, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1954.
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
Шаблон:S-start Шаблон:S-bef Шаблон:S-ttl Шаблон:S-aft Шаблон:S-end Шаблон:Shaddadids
- Английская Википедия
- 1031 deaths
- Emirs of Ganja
- 10th-century Shaddadid emirs
- 11th-century Shaddadid emirs
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- 10th-century Kurdish people
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