Английская Википедия:Fairfield Township, Essex County, New Jersey

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Fairfield is a township in far northwestern Essex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 7,872,[1][2] an increase of 406 (+5.4%) from the 2010 census count of 7,466,[3][4] which in turn reflected an increase of 403 (+5.7%) from the 7,063 counted in the 2000 census.[5] Fairfield was the least densely populated town in Essex County in 2020.[2]

The first Europeans to settle in the area were Dutch and the place was called Gansegat. Later it was part of Horse Neck and officially part of Newark Township. What is now Fairfield was formed on February 16, 1798, as Caldwell Township from portions of Acquackanonk Township and Newark Township. The area was named for Rev. James Caldwell. It was incorporated as one of New Jersey's initial 104 townships by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 21, 1798. Portions of the township were taken to create Livingston (February 8, 1813), Fairmount Township (March 11, 1862, now part of West Orange), Caldwell borough (February 10, 1892), Verona Township (February 17, 1892, now known and including what is now Cedar Grove), North Caldwell (March 31, 1898), Essex Fells (March 31, 1902) and West Caldwell (February 24, 1904). On November 6, 1963, Caldwell Township was renamed as Fairfield Township, based on the results of a referendum passed the previous day. Fairfield was reincorporated as borough on June 8, 1964.[6] In 1978, the borough passed a referendum reincorporating itself as a township, becoming the second of more than a dozen Essex County municipalities to reclassify themselves as townships in order take advantage of federal revenue sharing policies that allocated townships a greater share of government aid to municipalities on a per capita basis.[7][8][9]

History

The Dutch, including many acculturated French Huguenots, initially settled this area of the Passaic River Valley after purchasing it from the Native Americans. They named it "Gansegat" which is Dutch for "duck's pond".[10]

The Horseneck Tract was an Шаблон:Convert area that consisted of what are now the municipalities of Fairfield, Caldwell, West Caldwell, North Caldwell, Verona, Cedar Grove, Essex Fells, Roseland, and portions of Livingston and West Orange. Later in 1702, English settlers purchased Шаблон:Convert of the Horseneck Tract without approval of the Proprietary Authorities from the Lenape Native Americans for goods equal to $325. When Proprietary Authorities began eviction proceedings against the settlers, the Horseneck Riots took place. This purchase encompassed much of western Essex County, from the First Mountain to a point on the Passaic River at Pine Brook NJ. The reason for the Horseneck name has never been determined, but historians agree that it is not because of its shape.

The Van Ness House, constructed about 1720, is a historic home added in 1977 to the National Register of Historic Places.[11] The Fairfield Dutch Reformed Church dates back to 1720, and its current structure is another historic site, built in 1804.[12]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 10.35 square miles (26.80 km2), including 10.13 square miles (26.23 km2) of land and 0.22 square miles (0.57 km2) of water (2.14%).[13][14] Fairfield has the lowest population density of any municipality in Essex County.[2] Fairfield Township is located in the northwest corner of Essex County. The township is bisected by Interstate 80 and Route 46.

Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Clinton and Clinton Park.[15]

Great Piece Meadows is a swamp covering Шаблон:Convert.[16]

The township borders North Caldwell and West Caldwell in Essex County; East Hanover Township, Lincoln Park and Montville in Morris County; and Little Falls and Wayne in Passaic County.[17][18][19]

Demographics

Шаблон:US Census population

2020 census

Fairfield township, Essex County, New Jersey – Racial and Ethnic Composition
(NH = Non-Hispanic)
Шаблон:Nobold
Race / Ethnicity Pop 2010[20] Pop 2020[21] % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 6,800 6,562 83.10% 79.88%
Black or African American alone (NH) 46 38 0.62% 0.46%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 3 0 0.04% 0.00%
Asian alone (NH) 183 355 2.35% 4.35%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 0 1 0.00% 0.01%
Some Other Race alone (NH) 0 24 0.00% 0.29%
Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH) 50 159 0.65% 1.95%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 384 733 5.24% 9.07%
Total 7,466 7,872 100.00% 100.00%

2010 census

The 2010 United States census counted 7,466 people, 2,645 households, and 2,103 families in the township. The population density was Шаблон:Convert. There were 2,723 housing units at an average density of Шаблон:Convert. The racial makeup was 94.84% (7,081) White, 0.68% (51) Black or African American, 0.28% (21) Native American, 2.53% (189) Asian, 0.00% (0) Pacific Islander, 0.74% (55) from other races, and 0.92% (69) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.14% (384) of the population.[3]

Of the 2,645 households, 31.6% had children under the age of 18; 67.0% were married couples living together; 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present and 20.5% were non-families. Of all households, 18.0% were made up of individuals and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size was 3.22.[3]

22.6% of the population were under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 21.4% from 25 to 44, 28.6% from 45 to 64, and 20.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44.5 years. For every 100 females, the population had 94.4 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 91.8 males.[3]

The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $97,361 (with a margin of error of +/− $11,797) and the median family income was $117,004 (+/− $7,881). Males had a median income of $69,081 (+/− $15,627) versus $51,198 (+/− $6,668) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $41,615 (+/− $5,217). About 0.5% of families and 2.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 6.8% of those age 65 or over.[22]

2000 census

As of the 2000 United States census[23] there were 7,063 people, 2,296 households, and 1,981 families residing in the township. The population density was Шаблон:Convert. There were 2,326 housing units at an average density of Шаблон:Convert. The racial makeup of the township was 95.63% White, 0.52% African American, 0.10% Native American, 2.82% Asian, 0.40% from other races, and 0.54% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.45% of the population.[24][25]

There were 2,296 households, out of which 33.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 74.7% were married couples living together, 8.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 13.7% were non-families. 10.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.04 and the average family size was 3.29.[24][25]

In the township the population was spread out, with 22.0% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 28.1% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.3 males.[24][25]

The median income for a household in the township was $83,120, and the median income for a family was $90,998. Males had a median income of $56,106 versus $39,032 for females. The per capita income for the township was $32,099. About 2.3% of families and 2.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.2% of those under age 18 and 2.2% of those age 65 or over.[24][25]

Economy

Corporate residents of Fairfield Township include:

Government

Fairfield Township operates within the Faulkner Act, formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law, under the Small Municipality plan C form of New Jersey government, as implemented as of January 1, 1962, based on direct petition.[29] The township is one of 18 municipalities (of the 564) statewide that use this form of government, which is available to municipalities with less than 12,000 residents at the time of adoption.[30] The governing body is comprised of the Mayor and the four-member Township Council. Members are elected at-large in partisan elections in a three-year cycle, with two council seats up for vote in each of the first two years of the cycle and the mayoral seat up in the third year. The Mayor exercises executive power of the municipality, appoints department heads with Council approval, prepares the annual budget and has veto over ordinances subject to override by 2/3 of all members of Council. The Council exercises legislative power of municipality and approves appointment of department heads.[31][32][33]

Шаблон:As of, members of the Fairfield Township Council are Mayor William Galese (R, appointed to serve an unexpired term ending December 31, 2024), Council President Michael B. McGlynn (R, 2025), Peter Campisi (R, 2023; appointed to serve an unexpired term), Joseph Cifelli (R, 2025) and John LaForgia (R, 2023).[32][34][35][36][37][38]

In January 2023, councilmember William Galese was appointed as mayor to fill the seat expiring in December 2024 that had been held by James Gasparini until he resigned to take office as the township's administrator.[39] Later that month, Peter Campisi was appointed to fill Galese's vacant council seat expiring in December 2023.[40]

Federal, state and county representation

Fairfield is located in the 11th Congressional District[41] and is part of New Jersey's 40th state legislative district.[42]

Шаблон:NJ Congress 11 Шаблон:NJ Senate

Шаблон:NJ Legislative 40

Шаблон:NJ Essex County Commissioners

Politics

As of March 2011, there were a total of 5,378 registered voters in Fairfield, of which 1,004 (18.7%) were registered as Democrats, 2,072 (38.5%) were registered as Republicans and 2,299 (42.7%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 3 voters registered as Libertarians or Greens.[43]

In the 2016 presidential election, Republican Donald Trump received 72.5% of the vote (2,858 cast), ahead of Democrat Hillary Clinton with 25.6% (1,009 cast), and other candidates with 1.8% (70 votes), among the 4,003 ballots cast by the township's 5,798 registered voters, for a turnout of 69%.[44][45] In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 69.4% of the vote (2,494 cast), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 29.7% (1,069 votes), and other candidates with 0.9% (32 votes), among the 3,625 ballots cast by the township's 5,459 registered voters (30 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 66.4%.[46][47] In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 70.1% of the vote (2,797 cast), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 28.5% (1,137 votes) and other candidates with 0.5% (21 votes), among the 3,991 ballots cast by the township's 5,380 registered voters, for a turnout of 74.2%.[48] In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 69.6% of the vote (2,742 ballots cast), outpolling Democrat John Kerry with 29.2% (1,151 votes) and other candidates with 0.8% (39 votes), among the 3,939 ballots cast by the township's 5,131 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 76.8.[49]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 73.9% of the vote (1,600 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 25.3% (548 votes), and other candidates with 0.8% (17 votes), among the 2,193 ballots cast by the township's 5,445 registered voters (28 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 40.3%.[50][51] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 68.9% of the vote (1,819 ballots cast), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 25.0% (661 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 5.0% (133 votes) and other candidates with 0.5% (12 votes), among the 2,641 ballots cast by the township's 5,397 registered voters, yielding a 48.9% turnout.[52]

Education

The Fairfield School District serves public school students in pre-kindergarten through sixth grade.[53] As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of two schools, had an enrollment of 669 students and 63.6 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.5:1.[54] Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[55]) are Adlai E. Stevenson Elementary School[56] with 402 students in Pre-Kindergarten through third grade and Winston S. Churchill School[57] with 268 students in fourth through sixth grade.[58][59]

Students in public school for seventh through twelfth grades attend the West Essex Regional School District, a regional school district in western Essex County serving students from Essex Fells, Fairfield, North Caldwell and Roseland.[60][61][62] Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[63]) are West Essex Middle School[64] with 564 students in grades 7–8 and West Essex High School[65] with 1,123 students in grades 9–12.[66] Seats on the nine-member board of education of the high school district are allocated based on population, with three seats assigned to Fairfield.[67]

StenoTech Career Institute is a technical school in Fairfield, established in 1988, that offers court reporting and medical transcription training.[68]

Transportation

Roads and highways

Файл:2020-07-08 08 56 58 View west along Interstate 80 at Exit 52 (Lincoln Park, Fairfield, The Caldwells) in Fairfield, Essex County, New Jersey.jpg
View west along Interstate 80 in Fairfield

Шаблон:As of, the borough had a total of Шаблон:Convert of roadways, of which Шаблон:Convert were maintained by the municipality, Шаблон:Convert by Essex County and Шаблон:Convert by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.[69]

U.S. Route 46,[70] Route 159[71] and Interstate 80[72] all pass through the Township.[73]

Public transportation

NJ Transit provides bus service to Newark on the 29 and 71 routes.[74][75]

Lakeland Bus Lines offers service to and from the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan on its Route 46 route.[76]

Essex County Airport, managed by the Essex County Improvement Authority, is located in Fairfield.[77]

Notable people

Шаблон:Category see also People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Fairfield include:

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Essex County, New Jersey

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
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  1. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Census2020 не указан текст
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок LWD2020 не указан текст
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Census2010 не указан текст
  4. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок LWD2010 не указан текст
  5. ↑ Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed May 1, 2023.
  6. ↑ Snyder, John P. The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 126. Accessed October 25, 2012.
  7. ↑ "Chapter VI: Municipal Names and Municipal Classification", p. 73. New Jersey State Commission on County and Municipal Government, 1992. Accessed September 24, 2015.
  8. ↑ "Removing Tiering From The Revenue Sharing Formula Would Eliminate Payment Inequities To Local Governments", Government Accountability Office, April 15, 1982. Accessed September 24, 2015. "In 1978, South Orange Village was the first municipality to change its name to the 'township' of South Orange Village effective beginning in entitlement period 10 (October 1978 to September 1979). The Borough of Fairfield in 1978 changed its designation by a majority vote of the electorate and became the 'Township of Fairfield' effective beginning entitlement period 11 (October 1979 to September 1980).... However, the Revenue Sharing Act was not changed and the actions taken by South Orange and Fairfield prompted the Town of Montclair and West Orange to change their designation by referendum in the November 4, 1980, election. The municipalities of Belleville, Verona, Bloomfield, Nutley, Essex Fells, Caldwell, and West Caldwell have since changed their classification from municipality to a township."
  9. ↑ Narvaez, Alfonso A. "New Jersey Journal", The New York Times, December 27, 1981. Accessed September 24, 2015. "Under the Federal system, New Jersey's portion of the revenue sharing funds is disbursed among the 21 counties to create three 'money pools.' One is for county governments, one for 'places' and a third for townships. By making the change, a community can use the 'township advantage' to get away from the category containing areas with low per capita incomes."
  10. ↑ Poekel Jr., Charles A. West Essex: Essex Fells, Fairfield, North Caldwell and Roseland, Arcadia Publishing, 1999, 2004
  11. ↑ Van Ness, Peter, Farmhouse, Fairfield Rd., FAIRFIELD VIC., Essex County, NJ., Library of Congress Historic American Buildings Survey. Accessed October 10, 2013.
  12. ↑ A Brief History of Fairfield Reformed Church, Reformed Church of America. Accessed October 10, 2013. "At the turn of the century it was decided to erect a new church building 1/2 mile north of the old one. Made of brownstone from a Little Falls quarry, the new structure was constructed in 1804. Several decades later a tall white steeple and a balcony were added.Today the congregation continues to worship in the same historic building and the tall white steeple remains physically prominent in the community."
  13. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок CensusArea не указан текст
  14. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок GR1 не указан текст
  15. ↑ Locality Search, State of New Jersey. Accessed May 21, 2015.
  16. ↑ Great Piece Meadows, Wildlife Preserves. Accessed November 5, 2012.
  17. ↑ Areas that touch Fairfield, MapIt. Accessed March 29, 2020.
  18. ↑ Municipalities, Essex County, New Jersey Register of Deeds and Mortgages. Accessed March 29, 2020.
  19. ↑ New Jersey Municipal Boundaries, New Jersey Department of Transportation. Accessed November 15, 2019.
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  22. ↑ DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics from the 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for Fairfield township, Essex County, New Jersey Шаблон:Webarchive, United States Census Bureau. Accessed November 5, 2012.
  23. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок GR2 не указан текст
  24. ↑ 24,0 24,1 24,2 24,3 Census 2000 Profiles of Demographic / Social / Economic / Housing Characteristics for Fairfield township, Essex County, New Jersey Шаблон:Webarchive, United States Census Bureau. Accessed November 5, 2012.
  25. ↑ 25,0 25,1 25,2 25,3 DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 - Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for Fairfield township, Essex County, New Jersey Шаблон:Webarchive, United States Census Bureau. Accessed November 5, 2012.
  26. ↑ Nycomed US Inc. Acquires Bradley Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Fougera, February 21, 2008. Accessed November 5, 2012. "Nycomed has announced that the PharmaDerm headquarters will be located in Florham Park, New Jersey. The Company will be transitioning key employees from Bradley's Fairfield corporate headquarters building to Florham Park over the next several months."
  27. ↑ About Us, Cricket Hill. Accessed November 5, 2012. "Cricket Hill is a microbrewery located in Fairfield, NJ. In 2002, we brewed our first beers East Coast Lager and American Ale."
  28. ↑ Kilgannon, Corey. "At Home of 'As Seen on TV,' a Chance for Inventors", The New York Times, December 15, 2009. Accessed November 5, 2012. "Norberto Ponce pitched his invention, the Mower Buddy, to A.J. Khubani, the founder and CEO of TeleBrands, at its headquarters in Fairfield, N.J."
  29. ↑ "The Faulkner Act: New Jersey's Optional Municipal Charter Law" Шаблон:Webarchive, New Jersey State League of Municipalities, July 2007. Accessed October 10, 2013.
  30. ↑ Inventory of Municipal Forms of Government in New Jersey, Rutgers University Center for Government Studies, July 1, 2011. Accessed June 1, 2023.
  31. ↑ 2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, March 2013, p. 125.
  32. ↑ 32,0 32,1 Fairfield Township Mayor and Council, Township of Fairfield. Accessed January 26, 2023. "Fairfield Township is a Mayor - Council form of government under the New Jersey Faulkner Act (Small Municipality Plan 'C')."
  33. ↑ "Forms of Municipal Government in New Jersey", p. 14. Rutgers University Center for Government Studies. Accessed June 1, 2023.
  34. ↑ 2021 Municipal Data Sheet, Township of Fairfield. Accessed May 12, 2022.
  35. ↑ County Directory, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed January 26, 2023.
  36. ↑ November 8, 2022, General Election Unofficial Results, Essex County, New Jersey, updated November 22, 2022. Accessed January 1, 2023.
  37. ↑ General Election November 2, 2021 Unofficial Results, Essex County, New Jersey, updated November 16, 2021. Accessed January 1, 2022.
  38. ↑ November 3, 2020, General Election Unofficial Results, Essex County, New Jersey, updated November 19, 2020. Accessed January 1, 2021.
  39. ↑ Bottone, Gail. "Fairfield Mayor William Galese Takes Oath of Office", TAP into West Essex, January 4, 2023. Accessed January 26, 2023. "Fairfield’s new Mayor William Galese was sworn into office by Judge Marcella Manos Wilson at the township’s reorganization meeting Tuesday night. Galese will fill the unexpired term of James Gasparini, ending Dec. 31, 2024."
  40. ↑ Bottone, Gail. "Fairfield Council Tabs Campisi to Fill Vacant Seat", TAP into West Essex, January 24, 2023. Accessed January 26, 2023. "The Fairfield mayor and council elected Peter Campisi as councilman to fill the unexpired term of William Galese, term ending Dec. 31, 2023. Galese is now the mayor of Fairfield after Former Mayor James Gasparini resigned to become Fairfield’s business administrator upon the retirement of Joseph Catenaro, who has been Fairfield’s business administrator for the last 29 years."
  41. ↑ Plan Components Report, New Jersey Redistricting Commission, December 23, 2011. Accessed February 1, 2020.
  42. ↑ Districts by Number for 2023-2031, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed September 18, 2023.
  43. ↑ Voter Registration Summary - Essex, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, March 23, 2011. Accessed November 5, 2012.
  44. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  45. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  46. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  47. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  48. ↑ 2008 Presidential General Election Results: Essex County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 23, 2008. Accessed November 5, 2012.
  49. ↑ 2004 Presidential Election: Essex County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 13, 2004. Accessed November 5, 2012.
  50. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  51. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  52. ↑ 2009 Governor: Essex County Шаблон:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 31, 2009. Accessed November 5, 2012.
  53. ↑ Fairfield Board of Education District Policy 0110 - Identification, Fairfield School District. Accessed March 29, 2020. "Purpose: The Board of Education exists for the purpose of providing a thorough and efficient system of free public education in grades Pre-Kindergarten through six in the Fairfield School District. Composition: The Fairfield School District is Шаблон:Sic all the area within the municipal boundaries of Fairfield."
  54. ↑ District information for Fairfield Public Schools School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed April 1, 2020.
  55. ↑ School Data for the Fairfield School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed April 1, 2020.
  56. ↑ Adlai E. Stevenson Elementary School, Fairfield School District. Accessed September 3, 2020.
  57. ↑ Winston Churchill School, Fairfield School District. Accessed September 3, 2020.
  58. ↑ Schools, Fairfield School District. Accessed September 3, 2020.
  59. ↑ New Jersey School Directory for the Fairfield School District, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed December 29, 2016.
  60. ↑ West Essex Regional School District Bylaw 0110 - Identification, West Essex Regional School District. Accessed September 2, 2020. "Purpose The Board of Education exists for the purpose of providing a thorough and efficient system of free public education in grades seven through twelve in the West Essex Regional School District. Composition: The West Essex Regional School District is Шаблон:Sic all the area within the municipal boundaries of Essex Fells, Fairfield, North Caldwell and Roseland."
  61. ↑ West Essex Regional School District 2015 Report Card Narrative, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed June 4, 2016. "The West Essex Regional School District is a comprehensive high school serving the communities of Essex Fells, Fairfield, North Caldwell, and Roseland in northern New Jersey."
  62. ↑ School History, West Essex Regional School District. Accessed September 3, 2020. "The first comprehensive study was submitted in 1956, and it recommended the consolidation of the five school districts and all grades from kindergarten through twelfth grade. The communities, however, were reluctant to carry the recommendation into effect. Heeding the communities’ hesitance, the Rutgers educators suggested the formation of a regional school district for grades 7-12 for Caldwell Township, Essex Fells, North Caldwell and Roseland.... Dr. Twichell and the State Education Department approved the move, and by December 1957, the referendum was passed by voters.".
  63. ↑ School Data for the West Essex Regional School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed April 1, 2020.
  64. ↑ West Essex Middle School, West Essex Regional School District. Accessed September 2, 2020.
  65. ↑ West Essex High School, West Essex Regional School District. Accessed September 2, 2020.
  66. ↑ New Jersey School Directory for the West Essex Regional School District, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed December 24, 2016.
  67. ↑ Board of Education, West Essex Regional School District. Accessed March 29, 2020.
  68. ↑ About Us Шаблон:Webarchive, StenoTech Career Institute. Accessed October 10, 2013.
  69. ↑ Essex County Mileage by Municipality and Jurisdiction, New Jersey Department of Transportation, May 2010. Accessed July 18, 2014.
  70. ↑ U.S. Route 46 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, updated June 2016. Accessed November 4, 2019.
  71. ↑ New Jersey Route 159 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, updated May 2014. Accessed November 4, 2019.
  72. ↑ Interstate 80 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, updated April 2014. Accessed November 4, 2019.
  73. ↑ Essex County Highway Map, New Jersey Department of Transportation. Accessed February 16, 2023.
  74. ↑ Essex County Bus / Rail Connections, NJ Transit, backed up by the Internet Archive as of March 22, 2010. Accessed November 5, 2012.
  75. ↑ Essex County System Map Шаблон:Webarchive, NJ Transit. Accessed November 2, 2019.
  76. ↑ Route 46 Bus Schedule, Lakeland Bus Lines. Accessed November 4, 2019.
  77. ↑ Home page, Essex County Airport. Accessed November 5, 2012. "The Essex County Airport also known as 'Caldwell Airport' is conveniently located in Fairfield, NJ. Just Thirty Minutes from Manhattan via the Lincoln Tunnel or George Washington Bridge."
  78. ↑ Mead, Rebecca. "Our Man in Pyongyang Bobby Egan’s barbecue diplomacy.", The New Yorker, October 1, 2007. Accessed July 20, 2019. "Egan was raised in Fairfield, New Jersey, which is a twenty-minute drive west of Hackensack."
  79. ↑ David GreczekШаблон:Dead link, Rutgers Scarlet Knights men's soccer. Accessed April 24, 2017.
  80. ↑ Pizarro, Max. "Sources: If The Race for AG was Down to Three, Grewal has the Edge to be State’s Top Cop", Insider NJ, December 11, 2017. Accessed December 20, 2017. "Having grown up in Fairfield, Grewal is a lifelong friend of Hoboken Mayor-elect Ravi Bhalla, and a graduate of West Essex High School, where U.S. Rep. Josh Gottheimer (D-5) also attended school."
  81. ↑ John LoCascio Шаблон:Webarchive, Villanova Wildcats men's lacrosse. Accessed May 27, 2016. "Hometown: Fairfield, N.J.; High School: West Essex Regional.... Born November 25th, 1991 in Paterson, N.J.
  82. ↑ Post, James F. (1818-1899), North Carolina Architects & Builders. Accessed January 31, 2022. "Born in Fairfield, near Caldwell, New Jersey, Post moved south to Petersburg, Virginia where he married Mary Ann Russell on October 8, 1843, and where the couple had two children, Erastus (who died young) and Thomas."
  83. ↑ Annan-Brady, Rita. "Actor's Life Is Goal Of Jake Siciliano, 10, Of Fairfield", The Progress News, August 14, 2009. Accessed September 7, 2015. "He may be small in stature, but 10-year old Jake Siciliano of Fairfield is getting some pretty big roles in the movies and on television."
  84. ↑ Staff. "Field Hockey Assistant Coach Michelle Vizzuso Chosen As New Jersey Player Of Century", Virginia Cavaliers, October 11, 1999. Accessed November 5, 2012. "Virginia assistant field hockey coach Michelle Vizzuso (Fairfield, N.J./West Essex) was named the state's best field hockey player of the 20th century by the Newark Star-Ledger."
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