Английская Википедия:Farewell of Slavianka

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"Farewell of Slavianka" (Шаблон:Lang-ru) is a Russian patriotic march, written by the composer Vasily Agapkin in honour of Slavic women accompanying their husbands in the First Balkan War. The march was written and premiered in Tambov in the end of 1912. In the summer of 1915, it was released as a gramophone single in Kiev. Slavianka means "Slavic woman".

History

The melody gained popularity in Russia and adjoining countries during the First World War, when the Russian soldiers left their homes and were accompanied by the music of the march. It was also performed during the parade of 7 November 1941 on the Red Square after which soldiers went straight to fight in the Battle of Moscow as part of the Second World War. This march was also used as an unofficial anthem of Admiral Kolchak's White Army.

Sources alleged that the song was banned prior to its use in the award-winning 1957 film The Cranes Are Flying, because of its lyrics about supposedly banned subjects. However, there are multiple documentations of the song being performed prior to this, many conducted by Agapkin himself. The earliest recorded publication of Farewell to Slavianka in the Soviet era was in 1929, and its earliest known performance by communist troops was in 1918. Most famously, it was one of four marching tunes performed during the 1941 October Revolution Parade on the Red Square. The song was originally published by Zimmerman Production Association around 1912. The march was published in an official collection of music for Red Army orchestras, and it was recorded in the early 1940s by a military orchestra under the conductor Ivan Petrov (1906–1975), but different lyrics were then used. Other lyrics are now usually sung by the Red Army choir.

Subsequently, several composers have written lyrics for the music in various languages. During the Finnish Civil War the Finnish Reds adapted the song into Vapaa Venäjä, a working class marching song. During the Second World War in German-occupied Poland, an adapted "underground" version of the song, Rozszumiały się wierzby płaczące ("Weeping Willows Began to Hum"), became popular in the Polish resistance and was based on lyrics by Roman Ślęzak.

In the 1990s, the liberal political party Yabloko lobbied unsuccessfully for the march to be adopted as the Russian national anthem.

"Farewell of Slavianka" was used in movies like The Cranes Are Flying and Charlie Wilson's War, which is about the Soviet–Afghan War, and in the Russian movies 72 Meters (72 метра) and Prisoner of the Mountains (Кавказский пленник, Kavkazskiy plennik). An instrumental version of the song was also featured in the 1974 Soviet film At Home Among Strangers (Свой среди чужих, чужой среди своих; Svoy sredi chuzhikh, chuzhoy sredi svoikh), and the 1990 Ukrainian film Raspad ("Decay") during the Pripyat evacuation scene.

A Hebrew version was written in 1945 by the singer/songwriter Haim Hefer for the Palmach. In his version of the song, Шаблон:Script/Hebrew ("Between Borders"), Hefer coined the phrase Шаблон:Script/Hebrew (We are here a defensive wall), which was used by Israel Defense Forces to call Operation Defensive Shield (literally "Operation Defensive Wall") in 2002.

Lyrics

1967 version

The Farewell of Slavianka first received official lyrics under the Soviet leadership that were appropriate for the time's political climate, but references to Russian culture, religion and patriotism were changed. The new version by A. Fedotov.

The first version under the Soviet Union (1941) did not mention the Battle of Berlin, unlike the later version (1967).

Russian original	Romanized Russian script	English translation
<poem>Шаблон:Lang</poem>	<poem>Шаблон:Transl</poem>	<poem>This march on the platforms wasn't silent When the foe clouded the horizon . our fathers in smoking railcars with it Were by trains brought to the front. He preserved Moscow in '41, In '45 he marched on Berlin. He accompanied the soldier to victory Along the roads of tough years. And if the country Calleth us on a campaign For our native land We all shall march to sacred war! Wheat rustleth in the fields, My Fatherland marcheth To the heights of joy Through all misfortunes On the path of peace and labour.</poem>

1984 version

Another version of the lyrics was written by Vladimir Lazarev in 1984 and has gained the popularity since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 because of the slower tempo and the added human fragility factor ("Farewell, fatherland, remember us, … … not all of us will come back. ...").

Russian original	Romanized Russian script	English translation
<poem>Шаблон:Lang</poem>	<poem>Шаблон:Transl</poem>	<poem>The minute of parting is near, You look into my eyes with anxiety. I can feel your breath, A storm is forming far away already. The heavy, misty air is trembling, Anxiety has touched my temples. Russia calls us for heroic doings, One can feel the wind of the marching regiments. Farewell, homeland, Remember us. Farewell, familiar faces, Forgiving farewell, forgiving farewell. Farewell, homeland, Remember us. Farewell, o dear gaze, Not all of us will come back. Fly, fly through the years, Trains disappear in the darkness. In them are soldiers, And in the dark sky Shineth the soldier's star.</poem>

1997 version

A White Army version of the march, written by Andrei Mingalyov, was created after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

Russian original	Romanized Russian script	English translation
<poem>Шаблон:Lang</poem>	<poem>Шаблон:Transl</poem>	<poem>I Arise for faith, o Russian land! We composed many a song in our heart, Glorifying the native land. We loved thee no matter what, Thou, our holy Russian land. Thou hast raised thy head high, Thy face was shining like the sun. But thou hast become a victim of betrayal – by those who have thee cheated and sold! Шаблон:Small And again in march trumpet calleth us. We all stand in order And go to the holy battle. II Arise for faith, o Russian Motherland! The saints await Russia's victory. Respond, o Orthodox host! Where is thine Ilya, where is thy Dobrynya? Mother Homeland summoneth her sons. We will stand all together under the gonfalons. And go, praying, as a procession, For the right cause of Russia We will shed Russian blood honestly. III Arise for faith, o Russian land! We are all children of a great empire, We all remember the commandments of our fathers: For the Homeland, Honor, Glory, Pity neither thyself nor the enemy. Arise, Russia, from thy prison of slavery, Victory's spirit is called: time for battle! Rise thy battle flags For Faith, Love, and Good. Шаблон:Small</poem>

Tambov Oblast anthem

The Farewell of Slavianka melody was used for the Tambov Oblast anthem, whose lyrics were written on 22 May 2002 by A. Mitrofanov.

Russian original	Romanized Russian script	English translation
<poem>Шаблон:Lang</poem>	<poem>Шаблон:Transl</poem>	<poem>I In the expanse of endless and blue, Where birches are admired by Tsna, In the heart of the great Russia Thou art spread; our home region. Heat-lightnings blaze ominously, But in thy history of terrible centuries Thou art written the pages of thy glory, Keep out of the shackles honour and freedom. Шаблон:Small Our Tambov Region, Rise in the centuries! Thou art the glory by thy people, The Lord will bless and save thee! II Let the years fly, Thou art with us, our region, forever. From there were are born, And with this region We have one destiny. From there we are born, And with this region We have one destiny. III Checking thy step with the pulse of the Motherland, Our lovely region looketh forward, Multiply the glory of thy faithful sons, Stepping firmly towards happiness. Let success be more noticeable, Our beloved region increaseth in beauty, On a graceful land forever Blossom with the colour of thine apple trees. Шаблон:Small</poem>

My Comrade in Death Throes

The melody of the song is also used for the poem My Comrade in Death Throes. Here is a sample verse:

Ты не плачь, не стони, ты не маленький,

Ты не ранен, ты просто убит.

Дай на память сниму с тебя валенки,

Нам еще наступать предстоит.

Do not cry, do not moan, you're not little.

You're not wounded, you're simply killed.

Let me take off your valenki for memory,

We are yet to delve into attack.

It was written in December 1944 by Ion Degen, a Second World War tank ace.

Vapaa Venäjä

Another version of the song is Vapaa Venäjä, which was composed by the Finnish Red Guards to serve as a marching song for them.

External links

• A Chinese rendition with translated (Red Army Choir) lyrics performed by the Male Choir of the People's Armed Police
• A version from 1990s