Английская Википедия:Farhād Tarāsh
The Farhād Tarāsh (Шаблон:Lang-fa), or Tarāsh-e Farhād,Шаблон:Sfn is a long smoothed rock surface on Mount Behistun in western Iran. Located near the famous Behistun Inscription, its height is around 30 meters and its width is around 200 meters.Шаблон:Sfn The retaining wall in front of it is c. 150 meters.Шаблон:Sfn The work is registered as a national heritage in Iran, and it's the biggest work of such kind in Iran.Шаблон:Sfn The Farhād Tarāsh has sparked interest from medieval geographers including Istakhri (died 957) and Yaqut al-Hamawi (died 1229) to travelers and archaeologists in modern times.Шаблон:Sfn
Creation
Various interpretations have been given about its creation.Шаблон:Sfn In the early 19th century, H. C. Rawlinson believed that the Tarāsh-e Farhād was originally meant to become the rear wall of a palace of Khosrow II (Шаблон:Reign590–628) and was supposed to be decorated with a relief of Semiramis.Шаблон:Sfn In the early 20th century, L. W. King and R. C. Thompson viewed it as a site for a palace of a Sasanian king.Шаблон:Sfn Around the same period, A. V. Williams Jackson believed the Tarāsh-e Farhād to be the location of a planned inscription of Darius the Great (Шаблон:Reign522–486 BC), King of Kings of the Persian Achaemenid Empire.Шаблон:Sfn Ernst Herzfeld also viewed it as an unfinished Achaemenid inscription, however he did not assign a specific date to it unlike Jackson.Шаблон:Sfn Erich Schmidt, M. Golzari and D. Huff later viewed the Tarāsh-e Farhād as a field prepared for an inscription with its date of creation being unknown.Шаблон:Sfn
According to local tradition, "as reported in the 1960s" and noted earlier by A. V. Williams Jackson, the Tarāsh-e Farhād is attributed to the legendary architect of Khosrow II named Farhad.Шаблон:Sfn Farhad features in Nizami Ganjavi's famous tragic romance Khosrow and Shirin, which he started writing in c. 1180.Шаблон:Sfn According to Nizami (died 1209), Farhad completed three monumental works: the creation of the milk channel, a passage cut through the mountain at Bisotun, and the portrait of princess Shirin.Шаблон:Sfn From the 15th to the 20th century, the story of Farhad and Shirin was a popular theme in various forms of visual art, including miniatures.Шаблон:Sfn A miniature of Шаблон:Circa depicts Farhad and Shirin near the pool at Mount Behistun, while the hillside on the same artwork shows a large flat piece of stone with effigies of Farhad and Shirin.Шаблон:Sfn This slab "is clearly identifiable" as the Tarāsh-e Farhād.Шаблон:Sfn The Encyclopedia Iranica adds:Шаблон:Sfn
Another perspective of the context and creation of the Farhād Tarāsh was offered in the 1970s by architect W. Salzmann.Шаблон:Sfn Salzmann conducted examinations of the cliff and the rock face in order to reconstruct the original Sasanian plans; according to his research, "a huge terrace" was planned to be built at 30 meters high and a massive ayvan (Middle Persian: āywan) was to be hollowed out of the rock.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn According to Salzmann, the scale of the ayvan was probably approaching the Taq-e Kasra at Ctesiphon, the Sasanian royal capital.Шаблон:Sfn He also noted that reliefs were going to be added on either side.Шаблон:Sfn The Encyclopedia Iranica notes that Salzmann's hypothesis "is consonant with earlier theories suggesting a palace", or a fire temple built against the cliff; however, the Encyclopedia Iranica adds these theories are "impossible to prove conclusively".Шаблон:Sfn
Stone blocks on the hillside
Right next on the hillside, there are several hundred dressed stone blocks.Шаблон:Sfn They were recorded by early European travelers who visited Iran, but they were not identified as being from the Sasanian era until Heinz Luschey managed to examine them.Шаблон:Sfn Luschey concluded that these stones were made of the same rock as the Farhād Tarāsh.Шаблон:Sfn
Gallery
References
Sources
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