Английская Википедия:Farkhar District
Шаблон:About Шаблон:Use dmy dates
Farkhar District is a district in Takhar Province of Afghanistan. It is located southeast of Taloqan. The Khanabad River flows inside this valley. Around 99% of the people in Farkhar speak Dari. Farkhar has about 50,000 people and 75 villages.
Etymology
The name Farkhār is generally believed to be the Sogdian (and possibly also Khwarazmian) βṛγʾr, the equivalent of the Sanskrit word vihāra (a Buddhist monastery), which it renders in translations of Buddhist texts.[1][2] Another view is that it is not etymologically connected with vihāra but is a Persian word, originally *paru-khuvāthra "full of happiness".[3]
Although Buddhism was eventually replaced by Islam in northern Afghanistan around the 8th century,[4] as late as the 11th-century the Khwarazmian scholar al-Biruni was able to write in a discussion of Buddhists: "their monuments, the bahārs of their idols and their farkhārs, are visible on the borders of Khorasan adjacent to India".[5]
Geography and climate
Шаблон:Further Farkhar has an area of Шаблон:Cvt, comparatively equivalent to the area of South Andaman Island.[6] The district has no major roadways. The Farkhar River is the main river of Farkhar, with other tributaries flowing into it.
Farkhar is surrounded by Kalafgan District to the north, Kishim District to the northeast, Tagab District to the east, Warsaj District to the south, Namak Ab District to the west, and Taluqan District to the northeast. Kishim is located in Badakhshan Province, with all other districts in Takhar Province.[7]
Climate
Fakhar has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dsb). Шаблон:Weather box
Demographics
Шаблон:Further Farkhar has a population of 52,117, with a sex ratio of 26 males for every 25 females. Ethnic Tajiks are the majority.[8] The median age is 15.8 and about 42% of the population is working. About 18% of the unemployed are seeking work. There are about 8,000 households in the district, with an average size of 6.5 people.[9]
Villages
The villages of this district include and are not limited to: Shaktan, Shingan, Nahr Ab, Dasht e Robat, Abi Dara, Kurani, Pire Farkhar, Shori, Dehak, Jangle Gaza, Dasht e Konj, Chashma e Garmuk, Shahre Farkhar, Kundal, Mazre Shikh, Khanaqa, Khurmab, Ardishan, Kashan, Sare Kham, Singan, Pyani, Dahne Zure, Khafdara, Sang e Atash, Khawaki, Farhangurd, Khusdeh, Darbaho, Huti, Warook, Ghashob, Yookh, Lujdeh and Mashtan.[7]
In Persian poetry
In Persian poetry, the phrase Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Lang "buddha of a temple" or "idol from Farkhar" became proverbial for a beautiful person. One of the earliest poets to use it was Manuchehri, an 11th-century poet at the court of Mas'ud I of Ghazni, who wrote:[10]
- Шаблон:Lang
- Шаблон:Lang
- "It is springtime and the world is like a buddha of Farkhar"
In another example the poet Khwaju (or Khaju) (d. 1352), praising a handsome Turk, writes:[11]
- Шаблон:Lang
- Шаблон:Lang
- "Shiraz has become Turkistan since that "buddha" came from Farkhar"
See also
References
Further reading
- Grötzbach, Erwin F. (1999). Farḵār. Encyclopaedia Iranica online.
External links
- Шаблон:YouTube (TOLO TV, Sept. 7, 2023)
Шаблон:Takhar Province Шаблон:Districts of Takhar Шаблон:Authority control
- ↑ Buddhism in Islamic times Encyclopaedia Iranica.
- ↑ Émile Benveniste, Études sogdiennes (Wiesbaden 1979), pp. 22–23 (cited in Anna Akasoy, Charles S. F. Burnett, Ronit Yoeli-Tlalim (eds.) Islam and Tibet: Interactions Along the Musk Routes p. 68).
- ↑ V. F. Minorsky, V. V. Barthol'd, C. E. Bosworth (1982), Hudud al-'Alam 'The Regions of the World' - A Persian Geography 372 A.H ..., p. 263, citing Benveniste, Bull. Soc. Ling, 1928, xxi, 7–8.
- ↑ Buddhism i. In Pre-Islamic Times/ Encyclopaedia Iranica.
- ↑ Quoted in Anna Akasoy, Charles S. F. Burnett, Ronit Yoeli-Tlalim (eds.) Islam and Tibet: Interactions Along the Musk Routes p. 68.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Manuchehri, "A description of spring, in praise of Khwaje Ali ibn Mohammad". (Ganjur).
- ↑ See further Domenico Ingenito (2018): "Hafez’s "Shirāzi Turk": A Geopoetical Approach" (also [1]), Iranian Studies, p. 17.
