Английская Википедия:Faroese orthography
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:More citations needed Шаблон:IPA notice Faroese orthography is the method employed to write the Faroese language, using a 29-letter Latin alphabet, although it does not include the letters C, Q, W, X and Z.
Alphabet
The Faroese alphabet consists of 29 letters derived from the Latin script:
- Eth Шаблон:Angbr (Faroese Шаблон:Lang) never appears at the beginning of a word, which means its majuscule form Шаблон:Angbr rarely occurs except in situations where all-capital letters are used, such as on maps.
- Шаблон:Angbr can also be written Шаблон:Angbr in poetic language, such as Шаблон:Lang ('the Faroes'). This has to do with different orthographic traditions (Danish–Norwegian for Шаблон:Angbr and Icelandic for Шаблон:Angbr). Originally, both forms were used, depending on the historical form of the word; Шаблон:Angbr was used when the vowel resulted from I-mutation of Шаблон:IPA while Шаблон:Angbr was used when the vowel resulted from U-mutation of Шаблон:IPA. In handwriting, Шаблон:Angbr is sometimes used.
- While Шаблон:Angbr, Шаблон:Angbr, Шаблон:Angbr, Шаблон:Angbr, and Шаблон:Angbr are not found in the Faroese language, Шаблон:Angbr was known in earlier versions of Hammershaimb's orthography, such as Шаблон:Angbr for Saksun.
- While the Faroese keyboard layout allows one to write in Latin, English, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Finnish, etc., the Old Norse and Modern Icelandic letter Шаблон:Angbr is missing. In related Faroese words, it is written as either Шаблон:Angbr or Шаблон:Angbr. If an Icelandic name has to be transcribed, Шаблон:Angbr is common.
Spelling system
Glide insertion
Faroese avoids having a hiatus between two vowels by inserting a glide. Orthographically, this is shown in three ways:
- vowel + ð + vowel
- vowel + g + vowel
- vowel + vowel
Typically, the first vowel is long and in words with two syllables always stressed, while the second vowel is short and unstressed. In Faroese, short Шаблон:Em unstressed vowels can only be Шаблон:IPA.
The value of the glide is determined by the surrounding vowels:
- Шаблон:IPA
- "I-surrounding, type 1" – after Шаблон:Angbr: Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA (to wait), Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA (dead), Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA (sheep)
- "I-surrounding, type 2" – between any vowel (except "u-vowels" Шаблон:Angbr) and Шаблон:Angbr: Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA (ballad), Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA (rage).
- Шаблон:IPA
- "U-surrounding, type 1" – after Шаблон:Angbr: Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA (Odin), Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA (good morning!), Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA (south), Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA (to make a trace).
- Шаблон:IPA
- "U-surrounding, type 2" – between Шаблон:Angbr and Шаблон:Angbr: Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA (before), Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA (leather), Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA (in clothes), Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA (in newspapers).
- "A-surrounding, type 2"
- These are exceptions (there is also a regular pronunciation): Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA (eider-duck).
- The past participles always have Шаблон:IPA: Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA (beloved, nom., acc. fem. pl.)
- Silent
- "A-surrounding, type 1" – between Шаблон:Angbr and Шаблон:Angbr and in some words between Шаблон:Angbr and Шаблон:Angle bracket: Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA (to advise), Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA (to gladden, please), Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA (to forebode), Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA (to chant), Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA (to make a speech)
See also
References
Bibliography
