Английская Википедия:Farrowia

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Taxobox

Farrowia is a genus of fungi within the Chaetomiaceae family.[1]

Taxonomy

In 1975, Hawksworth suggested a novel genus for F. seminuda, F. longicola, and F. malaysiensis.[2] These species were distinguished from other Chaetomium species by their long-necked ascomata and production of anamorphs similar to Botryotrichum.[2] However, this categorization has been controversial since its inception.[3][4][5] In 2001, a molecular phylogenetic study using rRNA sequence data did not support the separation of Farrowia and Chaetomium.[6]

Widden, in 1986, suggested that Farrowia seminuda and Botryotrichum piluliferum are the teleomorph and anamorph of the same organism based on their preference for coniferous soils and visual indistinguishability.[7]

Description

Perithecia are subglobose (imperfectly spherical), with straight, unbranched lateral and terminal hairs.[2] The terminal hairs fuse to form a neck-like structure, potentially rudimentary.[2] Pedestal-like rhizoidal bases are usually present. Farrowia forms asci which are clavate (club-shaped) and deliquesce before ascospores mature.[2] The ascospores are lemoniform (lemon-shaped), biapiculate, and are not ornamented.[2] F. malaysiensiensis is reported having a longer neck than the other two species in this genus.[3][8]

In media cultures, reddish brown pigments are produced only in the presence of contaminants.[2]

Ecology

Species are widespread across tropical and temperate areas.[7][8] It is most commonly found in soil, although F. longicola has been found in leaf litter[5] and freshwater.[8]

Chemistry and Research

Novel interleukin inhibitors were isolated from Farrowia broths in 2003.[9] These compounds were named EI-1941-1 and EI-1941-2. The enzymes they specifically inhibit are elastase and cathepsin B.[9] EI-1941-2 is degraded by the presence of cysteine, but EI-1941-1 is not.[9] Further study of these ICE inhibitors could lead to new synthetic anti-inflammatory agents.

References

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Шаблон:Sordariales-stub

  1. Шаблон:Cite journal
  2. 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 Шаблон:Cite book
  3. 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  4. Шаблон:Cite journal
  5. 5,0 5,1 Castañeda Ruiz RF, Iturriaga T, Minter DW, Saikawa M, Vidal G, Velázquez-Noa S. 2003. Microfungi from Venezuela. A new species of Brachydesmiella, a new combination, and new records. Mycotaxon. 85: 211-229.
  6. Шаблон:Cite journal
  7. 7,0 7,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
  8. 8,0 8,1 8,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
  9. 9,0 9,1 9,2 Шаблон:Cite journal