Английская Википедия:Fastest animals

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This is a list of the fastest animals in the world, by types of animal.

Fastest organism

The peregrine falcon is the fastest bird, and the fastest member of the animal kingdom, with a diving speed of over Шаблон:Convert. The fastest land animal is the cheetah. Among the fastest animals in the sea is the black marlin, with uncertain and conflicting reports of recorded speeds.

When drawing comparisons between different classes of animals, an alternative unit is sometimes used for organisms: body length per second. On this basis the 'fastest' organism on earth, relative to its body length, is the Southern Californian mite, Paratarsotomus macropalpis, which has a speed of 322 body lengths per second. The equivalent speed for a human, running as fast as this mite, would be Шаблон:Convert, or approximately Mach 1.7. The speed of the P. macropalpis is far in excess of the previous record holder, the Australian tiger beetle Cicindela eburneola, which is the fastest insect in the world relative to body size, with a recorded speed of Шаблон:Convert, or 171 body lengths per second. The cheetah, the fastest land mammal, scores at only 16 body lengths per second, while Anna's hummingbird has the highest known length-specific velocity attained by any vertebrate.

List of animals by speed

Rank	Animal	Maximum speed	Class	Notes
1	Peregrine falcon	Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert	Flight-diving	The peregrine falcon is the fastest aerial animal, fastest animal in flight, fastest bird, and the overall fastest member of the animal kingdom. The peregrine achieves its highest velocity not in horizontal level flight, but during its characteristic hunting stoop (vertical flight). While stooping, the peregrine falcon soars to a great height, then dives steeply at speed of over Шаблон:Convert. Assuming the maximum size at 58 cm, its relative speed clocks at 186 body lengths per second during its hunting swoop, the equivalent of a human running at Шаблон:Convert.
2	Golden eagle	Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert	Flight-diving	Assuming the maximum size at 1.02 m, its relative speed clocks at 66–87 body lengths per second, the equivalent of a human running at Шаблон:Convert.
3	White-throated needletail swift	Шаблон:Convert	Flight
4	Eurasian hobby	Шаблон:Convert	Flight	Can sometimes outfly the swift.
5	Mexican free-tailed bat	Шаблон:Convert	Flight	It has been claimed to have the fastest horizontal speed (as opposed to stoop diving speed) of any animal.
6	Frigatebird	Шаблон:Convert	Flight	The frigatebird's high speed is helped by its having the largest wing-area-to-body-weight ratio of any bird.
7	Rock dove (pigeon)	Шаблон:Convert	Flight	Pigeons have been clocked flying Шаблон:Convert average speed on a Шаблон:Convert race.
8	Spur-winged goose	Шаблон:Convert	Flight
9	Gyrfalcon	Шаблон:ConvertШаблон:Citation needed	Flight
10	Grey-headed albatross	Шаблон:Convert	Flight
11	Cheetah	Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Efn	Land	Fastest land-animal, fastest feline, the cheetah can accelerate from 0 to Шаблон:Convert in under three seconds, though endurance is limited.
12	Sailfish	Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Citation needed	Flight-swimming
13	Anna's hummingbird	Шаблон:Convert	Flight
14	Swordfish	Шаблон:ConvertШаблон:Citation needed	Swimming
15	Ostrich	Шаблон:Convert	Land
16	Pronghorn	Шаблон:ConvertШаблон:Efn	Land
17	Springbok	Шаблон:Convert	Land
18	Quarter Horse	Шаблон:Convert	Land	The American Quarter Horse, or Quarter Horse, is an American breed of horse that excels at sprinting short distances. Its name came from its ability to outdistance other horse breeds in races of a quarter mile or less; some have been clocked at speeds up to Шаблон:Convert.
19	Blue wildebeest	Шаблон:ConvertШаблон:Efn	Land
20	Thomson's gazelle	Шаблон:Convert	Land

Invertebrates

Animal	Maximum recorded speed	Notes
Horsefly	Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Unreliable source?	The pursuit maneuver used by male Hybomitra hinei wrighti, measured by interpolation of slow-motion cinematography.
Members of Loliginidae and Ommastrephidae	Шаблон:Convert	Many of these species "fly" out of the water to escape danger. The Japanese flying squid can glide for 3 seconds over 30 metres.
Tiger beetle	Шаблон:Convert	The Australian tiger beetle, Cicindela eburneola, is one of the fastest running insects in the world relative to body size, which has been recorded at Шаблон:Convert or 171 body lengths per second. It can fly at Шаблон:Convert.
Paratarsotomus macropalpis	Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert	0.7 mm long mite endemic to Southern California, tracked running up to 322 body lengths per second, equivalent to a human running at around Шаблон:Convert. Because of this feat, it is ranked the fastest animal on the planet relative to its body size. It can also achieve this speed across a concrete surface at a temperature of Шаблон:Convert, which is lethal to many animals.

Fish

Due to physical constraints, fish may be incapable of exceeding swim speeds of 36 km/h (22 mph). The larger reported figures below are therefore highly questionable:

Animal	Maximum recorded speed	Notes
Black marlin	Шаблон:ConvertШаблон:Citation neededШаблон:Dubious	A hooked black marlin has been recorded stripping line off a fishing reel at Шаблон:Convert.
Sailfish	Шаблон:ConvertШаблон:Citation neededШаблон:Dubious	In a series of tests carried out in a fishing cam at Long Key, Florida, United States, sailfish swam and leapt 91 meters (300 feet) in 3 seconds, equivalent to a speed of Шаблон:Convert, although this speed includes leaps out of the water, which do not strictly qualify as swimming speed.
Swordfish	Шаблон:ConvertШаблон:Citation neededШаблон:Dubious	The Шаблон:Convert figure listed for the swordfish is based on a corrupted version of calculations made by Sir James Gray to estimate the impact speed necessary for a hypothetical Шаблон:Convert swordfish to embed its sword 3 feet in the timbers of ships, as has been known to occur; the figure seems to have entered the literature without question as though someone had actually timed a swordfish at that speed.
Yellowfin tuna	Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Dubious	Many tuna species are capable of swimming at fast speeds colloquially cited at around Шаблон:Convert. The tails of tuna move fast enough to cause cavitation, which slows them down as vapour accumulates. Tuna have bony fins without nerve endings, which prevents the fish from feeling the pain of cavitation but does not fully protect them from the implosive damage.
Shortfin mako shark	Шаблон:ConvertШаблон:Citation neededШаблон:Dubious	Underwater and unimpeded by a fishing line, the Shortfin Mako has been reliably clocked at 31 miles (50 kilometres) per hour, and there is a claim that one individual of this species achieved a burst speed of 46 miles (74 kilometres) per hour. But it is extremely difficult to get a fish in the wild to swim in a straight line over a measured course. Laboratory measurements of numerous kinds of fishes — representing a wide range of body sizes — swimming against an artificial current have revealed a surprisingly uniform maximum burst speed of about 10 times the body length per second. Thus, for an average-sized, 6.5-foot (2-metre) Shortfin, its theoretical maximum speed might be something on the order of 45 miles (72 kilometres) per hour. Yet some estimates of the top-speed of a Shortfin Mako are considerably higher.

Amphibians

Animal	Maximum recorded speed	Notes
Nauta salamander	Шаблон:Convert	Also known as the Andean Salamander, it is the fastest amphibian recorded.

Reptiles

Animal	Maximum recorded speed	Notes
Perentie	Шаблон:Convert	Generally considered the fastest recorded reptile
Green Iguana	Шаблон:Convert	Green Iguanas are large arboreal lizards capable of running at high speed on the ground.
Leatherback sea turtle	Шаблон:Convert	Leatherback turtles have the most hydrodynamic body design of any sea turtle, with a large, teardrop-shaped body.
Costa Rican spiny-tailed iguana	Шаблон:Cvt	Often cited as the world's fastest lizard in older sources.
Six-lined racerunner	Шаблон:Convert	A small lizard found throughout the Southern United States and Mexico.
Black mamba	Шаблон:Convert
Komodo dragon	Шаблон:Convert	Komodo dragons can run briefly up to 13 mph (21 km/h) but prefer to hunt by stealth.

Birds

Animal	Maximum recorded speed	Notes
Peregrine falcon	Шаблон:Convert	The peregrine falcon is the fastest bird, and the fastest member of the animal kingdom. While not the fastest bird at level (horizontal) flight, its great speed is achieved in its hunting dive (vertical flight), the stoop, wherein it soars to a great height, then dives steeply at speeds of over Шаблон:Convert.
Golden eagle		In full stoop, a golden eagle can reach spectacular speeds of up to 240 to 320 kilometers per hour (150 to 200 mph) when diving after prey. Although less agile and maneuverable, the golden eagle is apparently quite the equal and possibly even the superior of the peregrine falcon's stooping and gliding speed.
White-throated needletail	Шаблон:Convert	The fastest-flying bird in flapping flight.
Eurasian hobby	Шаблон:Convert	It can sometimes even outfly birds such as the swift when hunting.
Frigatebird	Шаблон:Convert	The frigatebird's high speed is helped by its having the largest wing-area-to-body-weight ratio of any bird.
Rock dove (pigeon)	Шаблон:Convert	Pigeons have been clocked flying Шаблон:Convert average speed on a Шаблон:Convert race.
Spur-winged goose	Шаблон:Convert
Red-breasted merganser	Шаблон:Convert
Gyrfalcon	Шаблон:Convert
Grey-headed albatross	Шаблон:Convert
Anna's hummingbird	Шаблон:Convert	The stated speed equals 276 body lengths per second, the highest known length-specific velocity attained by any vertebrate.
Ostrich Шаблон:Small	Шаблон:Convert	The ostrich is the fastest bird on land, as well as the fastest running animal on two legs. The highest reliably measured running speed for ostriches is 17 m/s (61 Km/h), obtained by speedometer reading when a car was chasing an ostrich in a straight line chase to force it to move as fast as could it. Although there are reports of speeds of 20–27 m/s (72-97 Km/h) for ostriches, none are confirmed.
Emu Шаблон:Small	Шаблон:Convert
Cassowary Шаблон:Small	Шаблон:Convert
Roadrunner Шаблон:Small	Шаблон:Convert

Mammals

Animal	Maximum speed	Notes
Mexican free-tailed bat Шаблон:Small	Шаблон:Convert	They are the fastest mammal in the world and one of the fastest flying animals on level flight.
Cheetah	Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Efn	The cheetah can accelerate from 0 to Шаблон:Convert in under three seconds, though endurance is limited: most cheetahs run for only 60 seconds at a time. When sprinting, cheetahs spend more time in the air than on the ground. See Sarah, the fastest cheetah. A widely quoted top speed figure of 71 mph (113 Km/h) has been discredited due to lax and questionable methodology. The highest speed reliably and rigorously measured in cheetahs in a straight line is 29 m/s (104 Km/h), as an average of 3 runs over a 201.2-meter (220 yards) course (starting from start line already running). Top speed data is result of dividing distance by time spent.
Pronghorn	Шаблон:Convert,	The pronghorn (American antelope) is the fastest animal over long distances; it can run at 56 km/h for 6 km (35 mph for 4 mi), 67 km/h for 1.6 km (42 mph for 1 mi), and 88.5 km/h for 0.8 km (55 mph for 0.5 mi). Its top speed is estimated as up to Шаблон:Convert an "alleged top speed of 60 mph (96.6 km/h)" (emphasis added), and Шаблон:Convert Pronghorns can reach a top speed of 60 mph (97 Km/h) in good conditions, and a top speed of 50 mph (80 Km/h) normally. They can reach speeds of 72 Km/h in a 2-3 Km course. Estimated by observing the odometer when the animal ran at its maximum speed, alongside a vehicle.
Springbok	Шаблон:Convert	The springbok, an antelope of the gazelle tribe in southern Africa, can make long jumps and sharp turns while running.
Tsessebe	Шаблон:Convert	Estimated by observing the odometer when an animal ran at its maximum speed, alongside a vehicle on a road.
Domestic Horse	Шаблон:Convert	The fastest horse speed was achieved by a thoroughbred.
Thomson's gazelle	Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Efn	Thomson's gazelles, being long-distance runners, can escape cheetahs by sheer endurance. Their speed is partially due to their "stotting", or bounding leaps. Estimated by observing the odometer when an animal ran at its maximum speed, alongside a vehicle on a road.
Wildebeest	Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Efn	The wildebeest, an antelope, exists as two species: the blue wildebeest and the black wildebeest. Both are extremely fast runners, which allows them to flee from predators. They are better at maintaining endurance for long distances than at sprinting. Estimated by observing the odometer when an animal ran at its maximum speed, alongside a vehicle on a road.
Blackbuck	Шаблон:Convert	The blackbuck antelope can sustain speeds of Шаблон:Convert for over Шаблон:Convert at a time. Each of its strides (i.e., the distance between its hoofprints) is Шаблон:Convert.
Grant's gazelle	Шаблон:Convert	Estimated by observing the odometer when an animal ran at its maximum speed, alongside a vehicle on a road.
Hartebeest	Шаблон:Convert	Estimated by observing the odometer when an animal ran at its maximum speed, alongside a vehicle on a road.
Impala	Шаблон:Convert	Estimated by observing the odometer when an animal ran at its maximum speed, alongside a vehicle on a road.
Lion	Шаблон:Convert	While hunting, a lioness can generate top speed up to 80 km/h in short bursts.
Hare	Шаблон:Convert	Hares can reach maximum speeds of Шаблон:Convert in short distances of approximately 90 meters, and a top speed of Шаблон:Convert for about 20 meters.
Jackrabbit	Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Efn	The jackrabbit's strong hind legs allow it to leap Шаблон:Convert in one bound; some can even reach Шаблон:Convert. Jackrabbits use a combination of leaps and zig-zags to outrun predators.
African wild dog	Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Efn	When hunting, African wild dogs can sprint at Шаблон:Convert in bursts, and they can maintain speeds of Шаблон:Convert for up to Шаблон:Convert. Their targeted prey rarely escapes.
Kangaroo	Шаблон:ConvertШаблон:Efn	The comfortable hopping speed for a kangaroo is about Шаблон:Convert, but speeds of up to Шаблон:Convert can be attained over short distances, while it can sustain a speed of Шаблон:Convert for nearly Шаблон:Convert. The faster a kangaroo hops, the less energy it consumes (up to its cruising speed).
Greyhound (Domestic dog)	Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Efn	Greyhounds are the fastest dogs, and have primarily been bred for coursing game and racing.
Onager	Шаблон:ConvertШаблон:Efn	The onager consists of several subspecies, which most likely share the same ability to run at high speeds.
Zebra	Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Efn	Zebras have a home range anywhere between Шаблон:Convert and they can travel Шаблон:Convert a day while grazing. Estimated by observing the odometer when an animal ran at its maximum speed, alongside a vehicle on a road.
Eland	Шаблон:Convert	Estimated by observing the odometer when an animal ran at its maximum speed, alongside a vehicle on a road.
Coyote	Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Efn	Coyotes can easily reach Шаблон:Convert, and can sprint at Шаблон:Convert when hunting. Even without a front foot, a coyote can still run at around Шаблон:Convert.
Big brown bat Шаблон:Small	Шаблон:Convert	Big brown bats are reported to be one of the fastest bats reaching speeds of up to 40 mph.
Common dolphin Шаблон:Small	Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Efn	Common dolphins are the fastest marine mammals. When reaching their top speed, they take very short breaths. As an example, fin whales, which are much larger, can empty and refill their lungs in 2 seconds
Tiger	Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Efn	Tigers live in jungles, and have been recorded going anywhere from Шаблон:Convert to Шаблон:Convert; much like the cheetah and lion, however, they only maintain this for a short burst.
Hyena	Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Efn	The hyena can run up to Шаблон:Convert; some attribute this performance specifically to the spotted hyena. They use their speed to chase their prey, sometimes traveling Шаблон:Convert in a single chase.
Giraffe	Шаблон:Convert	Estimated by observing the odometer when an animal ran at its maximum speed, alongside a vehicle on a road.
African buffalo	Шаблон:Convert	Estimated by observing the odometer when an animal ran at its maximum speed, alongside a vehicle on a road.
Brown bear (Grizzly bear) American black bear	Шаблон:Convert	Although it has been said anecdotally that grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) can run at 56 km/h, the maximum speed reliably recorded at Yellowstone is 48 km/h. It has been speculated that American black bears (Ursus americanus) can run at the same speed.
Warthog	Шаблон:Convert	Estimated by observing the odometer when an animal ran at its maximum speed, alongside a vehicle on a road.
Human	Instantaneous: Шаблон:Convert Sprinting (100 m): Шаблон:Convert Long distance (marathon): Шаблон:Convert	Usain Bolt holds the Шаблон:Nowrapetre world record at 9.58 seconds. His absolute fastest speed during that sprint was Шаблон:Convert at one stride between 50 and 70 meters. The average speed of this race, including the brief reaction time immediately after the commencement of the race, was Шаблон:Convert. At distances greater than 400 metres, the human body requires oxygen to sustain such paces, and speed significantly tapers at this point. The mile run world record is held by Hicham El Guerrouj with a time of 3:43.13, corresponding to Шаблон:Convert. The marathon world record is held by Kelvin Kiptum with a time of 2:00:35, corresponding to Шаблон:Convert. The ultramarathon world record is held by Dean Karnazes, who ran Шаблон:Convert in 80 hours 44 minutes without stopping. In the absence of significant external factors, non-athletic humans tend to walk at about Шаблон:Convert and run at about Шаблон:Convert. Although humans are capable of walking at speeds from nearly 0 m/s to upwards of Шаблон:Convert and running one mile (1.6 kilometers) in anywhere between 4–15 minutes, humans typically choose to use only a small range within these speeds. Compared to other land animals, humans are exceptionally capable of endurance—over very long distances, able to outrun every other species on land except certain dogs.
Wombat	Шаблон:Convert	Wombats can maintain that speed for Шаблон:Convert.

See also

• Speed records