Английская Википедия:Father Brown

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Other uses Шаблон:EngvarB Шаблон:EngvarB Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox character

Father Brown is a fictional Roman Catholic priest and amateur detective. He is featured in 53 short stories by English author G. K. Chesterton, published between 1910 and 1936.Шаблон:Sfn Father Brown solves mysteries and crimes using his intuition and keen understanding of human nature. Chesterton loosely based him on the Rt Rev. Msgr John O'Connor (1870–1952), a parish priest in Bradford, who was involved in Chesterton's conversion to Catholicism in 1922.Шаблон:Sfn Since 2013, the character has been portrayed by Mark Williams in the ongoing BBC Television Series Father Brown.

Character

Файл:Innocence of Fr Brown Lucas 185.png
Father Brown on a case, illustrated by Sydney Seymour Lucas for The Innocence of Father Brown

Father Brown is a short, plain Roman Catholic priest, with shapeless clothes, a large umbrella, and an uncanny insight into human behaviour. His unremarkable, seemingly naïve appearance hides an unexpectedly sharp intelligence and keen powers of observation.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Brown uses his unimposing demeanor to his advantage when studying criminals, to whom he seems to pose no danger, making him a precursor, in some ways, to Agatha Christie's later detective character Miss Marple.Шаблон:Sfn His job as a priest allows him to blend into the background of a crime scene, as others can easily assume he is merely there on spiritual business.Шаблон:Sfn

In early stories, Brown is said to be priest for the fictitious small parish of Cobhole in Essex (although it is never named as the actual location of any of them), but he relocates to London and travels to many other places, in England and abroad, during the course of the stories.Шаблон:Sfn Much of his background is never disclosed, including his age, family, and domestic arrangements.Шаблон:Sfn Even his first name is never made clear; in the story "The Eye of Apollo", he is described as "the Reverend J. Brown" (perhaps in tribute to John O'Connor), while in "The Sign of the Broken Sword", he is apparently named Paul.Шаблон:Sfn

Brown's crimesolving method can be described as intuitive and psychological;Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn his process is to reconstruct the perpetrator's methods and motives using imaginative empathy, combined with an encyclopaedic criminal knowledge he has picked up from parishioner confessions.Шаблон:Sfn While Brown's cases follow the "Fair Play" rules of classic detective fiction,Шаблон:Sfn the crime, once revealed, often turns out to be implausible in its practical details.Шаблон:Sfn A typical Father Brown story aims not so much to invent a believable criminological procedure as to propose a novel paradox with subtle moral and theological implications.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

The stories normally contain a rational explanation of who the murderer was and how Brown worked it out. He always emphasises rationality; some stories, such as "The Miracle of Moon Crescent", "The Oracle of the Dog", "The Blast of the Book" and "The Dagger with Wings", poke fun at initially sceptical characters who become convinced of a supernatural explanation for some strange occurrence, but Father Brown easily sees the perfectly ordinary, natural explanation. In fact, he seems to represent an ideal of a devout but considerably educated and "civilised" clergyman. That can be traced to the influence of Roman Catholic thought on Chesterton. Father Brown is characteristically humble and is usually rather quiet, except to say something profound. Although he tends to handle crimes with a steady, realistic approach, he believes in the supernatural as the greatest reason of all.[1]

Background

When he created Father Brown, the English writer G. K. Chesterton was already famous in Britain and America for his philosophical and paradox-laden fiction and nonfiction, including the novel The Man Who Was Thursday, the theological work Orthodoxy, several literary studies, and many brief essays.Шаблон:Sfn Father Brown makes his first appearance in the story "The Blue Cross" published in 1910 and continues to appear throughout fifty short stories in five volumes, with two more stories discovered and published posthumously, often assisted in his crime-solving by the reformed criminal M. Hercule Flambeau.

Father Brown also appears in a third story—making a total of fifty-three—that did not appear in the five volumes published in Chesterton's lifetime, "The Donnington Affair", which has a curious history. In the October 1914 issue of an obscure magazine, The Premier, Sir Max Pemberton published the first part of the story, then invited a number of detective story writers, including Chesterton, to use their talents to solve the mystery of the murder described. Chesterton and Father Brown's solution followed in the November issue.[2] The story was first reprinted in the Chesterton Review in 1981,[3] and published in book form in the 1987 collection Thirteen Detectives.[2]

Many of the Father Brown stories were produced for financial reasons and at great speed.[4] Chesterton wrote in 1920 that "I think it only fair to confess that I have myself written some of the worst mystery stories in the world."[5] At the time he wrote this, Chesterton had given up writing Father Brown stories, though he would later return to them; Chesterton wrote 25 Father Brown stories between 1910 and 1914, then another 18 from 1923 to 1927, then 10 more from 1930 to 1936.

Father Brown was a vehicle for conveying Chesterton's worldview and, of all of his characters, is perhaps closest to Chesterton's own point of view, or at least the effect of his point of view. Father Brown solves his crimes through a strict reasoning process more concerned with spiritual and philosophic truths than with scientific details, making him an almost equal counterbalance with Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes, whose stories Chesterton read.Шаблон:Efn

Compilation books

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1. Шаблон:Citation

  1. Шаблон:Citation; first published as Шаблон:Citation
  2. Шаблон:Citation. (The Saturday Evening Post, Sep 3, 1910)
  3. Шаблон:Citation. (The Saturday Evening Post, Oct 1, 1910)
  4. Шаблон:Citation.
  5. Шаблон:Citation. (Cassell's Magazine, Feb 1911)
  6. "The Honour of Israel Gow" (as Шаблон:Citation).
  7. Шаблон:Citation.
  8. Шаблон:Citation.
  9. "The Hammer of God" (as Шаблон:Citation).
  10. Шаблон:Citation.
  11. Шаблон:Citation.
  12. Шаблон:Citation.

2. The Wisdom of Father Brown (1914)

  1. Шаблон:Citation.
  2. Шаблон:Citation.
  3. "The Duel of Dr Hirsch"
  4. Шаблон:Citation.
  5. "The Mistake of the Machine"
  6. Шаблон:Citation.
  7. Шаблон:Citation.
  8. Шаблон:Citation.
  9. "The God of the Gongs"
  10. "The Salad of Colonel Cray"
  11. Шаблон:Citation.
  12. "The Fairy Tale of Father Brown"

Шаблон:Column 3. The Incredulity of Father Brown (1926)

  1. "The Resurrection of Father Brown"
  2. "The Arrow of Heaven" (Nash's Pall Mall Magazine, Jul 1925)
  3. "The Oracle of the Dog" (Nash's [PMM], Dec 1923)
  4. "The Miracle of Moon Crescent" (Nash's [PMM], May 1924)
  5. "The Curse of the Golden Cross" (Nash's [PMM], May 1925)
  6. "The Dagger with Wings" (Nash's [PMM], Feb 1924)
  7. "The Doom of the Darnaways" (Nash's [PMM], Jun 1925)
  8. "The Ghost of Gideon Wise" (Cassell's Magazine, Apr 1926)

4. The Secret of Father Brown (1927)

  1. "The Secret of Father Brown" (framing story)
  2. "The Mirror of the Magistrate" (Harper's Magazine, Mar 1925, under the title "The Mirror of Death")
  3. "The Man with Two Beards"
  4. "The Song of the Flying Fish"
  5. "The Actor and the Alibi"
  6. "The Vanishing of Vaudrey" (Harper's Magazine, Oct 1925)
  7. "The Worst Crime in the World"
  8. "The Red Moon of Meru"
  9. "The Chief Mourner of Marne" (Harper's Magazine, May 1925)
  10. "The Secret of Flambeau" (framing story)

5. The Scandal of Father Brown (1935)

  1. Шаблон:Citation
  2. Шаблон:Citation
  3. "The Blast of the Book/The Five Fugitives" (Liberty Aug 26,1933)
  4. "The Green Man" (Ladies Home Journal, November 1930)
  5. "The Pursuit of Mr Blue"
  6. "The Crime of the Communist" (Collier's Weekly, Jul 14, 1934)
  7. "The Point of a Pin" (The Saturday Evening Post, Sep 17, 1932)
  8. "The Insoluble Problem" (The Story-Teller, Mar 1935)
  9. "The Vampire of the Village" (Strand Magazine, August 1936); included in later editions of The Scandal of Father Brown

6. Uncollected Stories (1914, 1936)

  1. "The Donnington Affair" (The Premier, November 1914; written with Max Pemberton)
  2. "The Mask of Midas" (1936)

Шаблон:Columns-end

  • Most collections purporting to be The Complete Father Brown reprint the five compilations, but omit one or more of the uncollected stories. Penguin Classics' 2012 edition (Шаблон:ISBN) and Timaios Press (Шаблон:ISBN) are complete ones, including "The Donnington Affair", "The Vampire of the Village" and "The Mask of Midas".
  • The Collected Works of G. K. Chesterton, vols. 12 and 13, reprint all the stories including the three not included in the five collections published during Chesterton's lifetime.

Legacy

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Father Brown in a witness box, in a Lucas illustration for The Wisdom of Father Brown

Although Chesterton himself saw them as ephemeral, the Father Brown stories became his most lastingly popular works, remaining a familiar classic of detective fiction into the twenty-first century.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn T. J. Binyon, in a 1989 survey of fictional detectives, concluded that Father Brown had achieved a fame nearly as great as that of Sherlock Holmes and Hercule Poirot.Шаблон:Sfn As Chesterton was already a well-established literary figure before creating Father Brown, the stories' popularity also had a positive impact on detective fiction as a whole, lending the genre further credibility.Шаблон:Sfn

Most historians of the Golden Age of Detective Fiction have ranked the Father Brown stories among the best of the genre.Шаблон:Sfn Binyon noted that while "the best of the stories are undoubted masterpieces, brilliantly and poetically written", they often hinge on crimes "so fantastic as to render the whole story absurd"; however, "Chesterton's skill as a writer manifests itself precisely in the way in which the moral aspects are concealed", allowing an astute reader to enjoy the stories as parables.Шаблон:Sfn Antonio Gramsci, who found the stories "delicious" in their juxtaposition of heightened poetic style and detective-story plotting, argued that Brown was a quintessentially Catholic figure, whose nuanced psychology and moral integrity stand in sharp contrast to "the mechanical thought processes of the Protestants" and make Sherlock Holmes "look like a pretentious little boy".Шаблон:Sfn

Kingsley Amis, who called the stories "wonderfully organized puzzles that tell an overlooked truth",Шаблон:Sfn argued that they show Chesterton "in top form" as a writer of literary Impressionism, creating "some of the finest, and least regarded descriptive writing of this century":Шаблон:Sfn

Шаблон:Blockquote

P. D. James highlights the stories' "variety of pleasures, including their ingenuity, their wit and intelligence, […] the brilliance of the writing", and especially their insight into "the greatest of all problems, the vagaries of the human heart."Шаблон:Sfn

Adaptations

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Mark Williams filming an episode of the BBC Father Brown series

Film

Radio

Television

  • "The Quick One" was adapted for the 1964 BBC anthology series Detective, with Mervyn Johns as Father Brown.
  • Josef Meinrad played Father Brown in an Austrian TV series (1966–72), which followed Chesterton's plots quite closely.
  • In 1974, Kenneth More starred in a 13-episode Father Brown TV series, each episode adapted from one of Chesterton's short stories. The series, produced by Sir Lew Grade for Associated Television, was shown in the United States as part of PBS's Mystery!. They were released on DVD in the UK in 2003 by Acorn Media UK, and in the United States four years later by Acorn Media.
  • A US film made for television, Sanctuary of Fear (1979),[12] starred Barnard Hughes as an Americanised, modernised Father Brown in Manhattan, New York City, and Kay Lenz, as Carol Bains. The film was intended as the pilot for a series but critical and audience reaction was unfavourable, largely due to the changes made to the character, and the mundane thriller plot.
  • An Italian television miniseries in six episodes, "I racconti di padre Brown" (The Tales of Father Brown) starring Renato Rascel in the title role and Arnoldo Foà as Flambeau was produced and broadcast by the national TV RAI between December 1970 and February 1971 to a wide audience (one episode peaked at 12 million viewers).
  • A Catholic cable channel, EWTN, produced the Father Brown story "The Honour of Israel Gow" as a 2009 episode of the television series The Theater of the Word.[13]
  • A German television series superficially based on the character of Father Brown, Pfarrer Braun, was launched in 2003. Pfarrer Guido Braun, from Bavaria, played by Ottfried Fischer, solves murder cases in the (fictitious) island of Nordersand in the first two episodes. Later, other German landscapes like the Harz, the Rhine and Meißen in Saxony became sets for the show. Martin Böttcher again wrote the score and he was instructed by the producers to write a title theme hinting at the theme of the movies with Heinz Rühmann. Twenty-two episodes were made, which ran very successfully in Germany on ARD. The 22nd episode, which was aired on 20 March 2014, concluded the series with the death of the protagonist.
  • In 2012, the BBC commissioned the 10-episode series Father Brown starring British actor Mark Williams in the title role. It aired on BBC One beginning January 2013, Monday to Friday, over a two-week period in the afternoon. The era and location are moved to the Cotswolds of the early 1950s and used adaptations and original stories. Filming for the series began around the Cotswolds in summer 2012.[14] Further series ordered aired in 2014 (10 episodes), 2015 (15 episodes), 2016 (10 episodes), 2017 (15 episodes), 2018 (10 episodes), 2019 (10 episodes), 2020 (10 episodes), 2022 (10 episodes) and 2023 (10 episodes).

Audio

  • Ignatius Press published an audiobook version of The Innocence of Father Brown in 2008. The book is read by actor Kevin O'Brien and features introductions to each story written and read by Dale Ahlquist, president of the American Chesterton Society. The book was a winner of the 2009 Foreword Audio Book Awards.[15]

Appearances and references in other works

Файл:Father Brown in Case Closed.jpg
Father Brown, as he appeared in volume 13 of Case Closed

Literature

In Evelyn Waugh's Brideshead Revisited, a quote from "The Queer Feet" is an important element of the structure and theme of the book. Waugh's novel quotes Father Brown's line after catching a criminal, hearing his confession, and letting him go: "I caught him, with an unseen hook and an invisible line which is long enough to let him wander to the ends of the world, and still to bring him back with a twitch upon the thread." In Book Three of Brideshead Revisited, titled "A Twitch Upon the Thread", the quotation acts as a metaphor for the operation of grace in the characters' lives.Шаблон:Sfn

Father Brown has occasionally also appeared as a character in works not by Chesterton. In the novel The D Case by Carlo Fruttero and Franco Lucentini, Father Brown joins forces with other famous fictional detectives to solve Charles Dickens's The Mystery of Edwin Drood.Шаблон:Sfn The American Chesterton Society published John Peterson's The Return of Father Brown, a further forty-four mysteries solved by a Father Brown living in the United States in his nineties.Шаблон:Sfn In the Italian novel Il destino di Padre Brown ("The Destiny of Father Brown") by Paolo Gulisano, the priest detective is elected pope after Pius XI with the pontifical name of Innocent XIV.Шаблон:Sfn

Other

  • Ralph McInerny used Father Brown as the spiritual inspiration for his Father Dowling pilot script[16] which launched The Father Dowling Mysteries, a television series that ran from 1987 to 1991 on US television. An anthology of the two detectives' stories, titled Thou Shalt Not Kill: Father Brown, Father Dowling and Other Ecclesiastical Sleuths, was released in 1992.
  • Father Brown was highlighted in volume 13 of the Case Closed manga's edition of "Gosho Aoyama's Mystery Library", a section of the graphic novels where the author introduces a different detective (or occasionally, a villain) from mystery literature, television, or other media.
  • In the mobile game Fate/Grand Order, in an effort to thwart James Moriarty after his own defeat of Sherlock Holmes, the characters summon up a number of "Phantom Spirits" of fictional detectives that were inspired by or followed after Holmes. The first to appear is a shadowy spirit described simply as "Round-Faced Priest", with the outline and vague features closely resembling the appearance of Father Brown in the Case Closed appearance.

Notes

Footnotes

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Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Works cited

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Further reading

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External links

Шаблон:Wikisource

Шаблон:G. K. Chesterton Шаблон:Authority control

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Citation.
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Citation
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Citation.
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Citation.
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
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