Английская Википедия:Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany)
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Redirect Шаблон:Infobox government agency The Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Шаблон:Lang-de, Шаблон:IPA-de), abbreviated BMBF, is a cabinet-level ministry of Germany. It is headquartered in Bonn, with an office in Berlin. The Ministry provides funding for research projects and institutions (aiming for "research excellence"[1]) and sets general educational policy. It also provides student loans in Germany. However, a large part of educational policy in Germany is decided at the state level, strongly limiting the influence of the ministry in educational matters.
History
The Federal Ministry for Atomic Issues was established in 1955, concentrating on research in the peaceful use of nuclear energy.[2] The ministry was renamed in 1962 to Federal Ministry of Scientific Research, with a broader scope; it was renamed again, to Federal Ministry of Education and Science, in 1969.[3]
A separate ministry, the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology, was established in 1972. The two Ministries merged in 1994 to form the Federal Ministry for Education, Science, Research and Technology; this title was shortened to Federal Ministry for Education and Research in 1998.
Organization
The BMBF currently has eight directorates-general (as at November 2020). These are in addition to the central directorate-general that is responsible for administrative tasks:[4]
- Directorate-General 1: Policy Issues and Strategies
- Directorate-General 2: European and International Cooperation in Education and Research
- Directorate-General 3: General Education and Vocational Training; Lifelong Learning
- Directorate-General 4: Higher Education and Research System
- Directorate-General 5: Research for Technological Sovereignty and Innovation
- Directorate-General 6: Life Sciences
- Directorate-General 7: Provision for the Future - Basic Research and Research for Sustainable Development
Each directorate-general consists of one or two subdivisions and 10 to 15 units. The greater part of the subdivisions is located in Bonn, the smaller part in Berlin. The BMBF has around 1000 employees. The head of the BMBF is formed by two parliamentary secretaries and two permanent state secretaries in addition to the minister.
Federal Ministers
Political Party: Шаблон:Legend2 Шаблон:Legend2 Шаблон:Legend2
| Name (Born-Died) |
Portrait | Party | Term of Office | Chancellor (Cabinet) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Federal Minister for Atomic Affairs Шаблон:Small Federal Minister for Nuclear Energy and Water Management Шаблон:Small Federal Minister for Nuclear Energy Шаблон:Small Federal Minister for Scientific Research Шаблон:Small Federal Minister for Education and Science Шаблон:Small | ||||||
| style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;" | 1 | Franz Josef Strauß (1915–1988) |
Файл:Verteidigungsminister Franz Josef Strauß (4909816836).jpg | CSU | 20 October 1955 | 16 October 1956 | Adenauer (II) |
| style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;" | 2 | Siegfried Balke (1902–1984) |
Файл:Rittner Dr Siegfried Balke 1969.jpg | CDU | 16 October 1956 | 14 December 1962 | Adenauer (II • III • IV) |
| style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:blue;" | 3 | Hans Lenz (1907–1968) |
Файл:Lenz, Hans cropped (Kiel 33.317).jpg | FDP | 14 December 1962 | 26 October 1965 | Adenauer (IV) Erhard (I) |
| style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;" | 4 | Gerhard Stoltenberg (1928–2001) |
Файл:Verteidigungsminister Dr. Gerhard Stoltenberg (4909220253).jpg | CDU | 26 October 1965 | 22 October 1969 | Erhard (II) Kiesinger (I) |
| style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:black;" | 5 | Hans Leussink (1912–2008) |
None | 22 October 1969 | 15 March 1972 | Brandt (I) | |
| style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;" | 6 | Klaus von Dohnanyi (born 1928) |
Файл:Klaus von Dohnanyi 1978 (cropped).jpg | SPD | 15 March 1972 | 17 May 1974 | Brandt (I • II) |
| style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;" | 7 | Helmut Rohde (1925–2016) |
Файл:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F047045-0003, Mannheim, SPD-Parteitag, Helmut Rohde.jpg | SPD | 17 May 1974 | 16 February 1978 | Schmidt (I • II) |
| style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;" | 8 | Jürgen Schmude (born 1936) |
Файл:Jürgen Schmude-01-2.jpg | SPD | 16 February 1978 | 28 January 1981 | Schmidt (II • III) |
| style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;" | 9 | Björn Engholm (born 1939) |
Файл:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F080691-0010, Björn Engholm (cropped).jpg | SPD | 28 January 1981 | 4 October 1982 | Schmidt (III) |
| style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;" | 10 | Dorothee Wilms (born 1929) |
Файл:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F074179-0011, Bonn, Ministerin Wilms.jpg | CDU | 4 October 1982 | 12 March 1987 | Kohl (I • II) |
| style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:blue;" | 11 | Jürgen Möllemann (1945–2003) |
Файл:Jürgen Möllemann 2002 (cropped).jpeg | FDP | 12 March 1987 | 18 January 1991 | Kohl (III) |
| style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:blue;" | 12 | Rainer Ortleb (born 1944) |
Файл:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1990-0309-322, Rainer Ortleb.jpg | FDP | 18 January 1991 | 4 February 1994 | Kohl (IV) |
| style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:blue;" | 13 | Karl-Hans Laermann (born 1929) |
FDP | 4 February 1994 | 17 November 1994 | Kohl (IV) | |
| Federal Minister for Education, Science, Research and Technology | ||||||
| style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;" | 1 | Horst Ehmke (1927–2017) |
Файл:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F041575-0018, Horst Ehmke bei Pressekonferenz.jpg | SPD | 15 December 1972 | 17 May 1974 | Brandt (II) |
| style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;" | 2 | Hans Matthöfer (1925–2009) |
Файл:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F048639-0031, Dortmund, SPD-Parteitag, Hans Matthöfer.jpg | SPD | 17 May 1974 | 16 February 1978 | Schmidt (I • II) |
| style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;" | 3 | Volker Hauff (born 1940) |
Файл:1986 Volker Hauff 800.jpg | SPD | 16 February 1978 | 5 November 1980 | Schmidt (II) |
| style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;" | 4 | Andreas von Bülow (born 1937) |
Файл:Andreas Von Bülow Axis for Peace 2005-11-17.jpg | SPD | 5 November 1980 | 4 October 1982 | Schmidt (III) |
| style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;" | 5 | Heinz Riesenhuber (born 1935) |
Файл:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F073619-0010, Mainz, CDU-Bundesparteitag, Riesenhuber.jpg | CDU | 4 October 1982 | 21 January 1993 | Kohl (I • II • III • IV) |
| style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;" | 6 | Matthias Wissmann (born 1949) |
Файл:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F054635-0027, Ludwigshafen, CDU-Bundesparteitag, Wissmann.jpg | CDU | 21 January 1993 | 13 May 1993 | Kohl (IV) |
| style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;" | 7 | Шаблон:Ill (born 1950) |
Файл:Paul Krüger 2012 (8212701461).jpg | CDU | 13 May 1993 | 17 November 1994 | Kohl (IV) |
| Federal Minister for Education, Science, Research and Technology Шаблон:Small Federal Minister for Education and Research Шаблон:Small | ||||||
| style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;" | 14/8 | Jürgen Rüttgers (born 1951) |
Файл:Juergen Ruettgers.jpg | CDU | 17 November 1994 | 26 October 1998 | Kohl (V) |
| style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;" | 15/9 | Edelgard Bulmahn (born 1951) |
Файл:2014-09-09 - Edelgard Bulmahn MdB - 7159.jpg | SPD | 26 October 1998 | 22 November 2005 | Schröder (I • II) |
| style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;" | 16/10 | Annette Schavan (born 1955) |
Файл:Schavan 2010.jpg | CDU | 22 November 2005 | 14 February 2013 | Merkel (I • II) |
| style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;" | 17/11 | Johanna Wanka (born 1951) |
Файл:Johanna Wanka MWK 2.jpg | CDU | 14 February 2013 | 14 March 2018 | Merkel (II • III) |
| style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;" | 18/12 | Anja Karliczek (born 1971) |
Файл:Karliczek, Anja-1612.jpg | CDU | 14 March 2018 | 8 December 2021 | Merkel (IV) |
| style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:blue;" | 19/13 | Bettina Stark-Watzinger (born 1968) |
Файл:2018-05-10 Bettina Stark-Watzinger-7710.jpg | FDP | 8 December 2021 | Incumbent | Scholz (I) |
See also
- Bio-economy Research and Technology Council
- German Historical Institutes
- Kultusministerkonferenz (Conference of Ministers of Education (State Government in Germany))
- Open access in Germany
- Perspectivia.net
References
External links
Шаблон:German Federal Ministries
- ↑ "Research excellence is a must in a country whose prosperity is built on the innovative strength of its industry. The aim of the High-Tech Strategy is to make Germany a leader in providing scientific and technical solutions to the challenges in the fields of climate/energy, health/nutrition, mobility, security, and communication." Ministry: Objectives and Tasks Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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