Английская Википедия:Fediverse

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Файл:A view into the Fediverse.png

Excerpt of common protocols and platforms in the Fediverse (2023)

The fediverse (a portmanteau of "federation" and "universe") is an ensemble of social networks which can communicate with each other, while remaining independent platforms. Users on different social networks and websites can send and receive updates from others across the network.

ActivityPub, a W3C standard, is the most widely used protocol that powers the fediverse. Noted fediverse platforms include Mastodon, Lemmy, PeerTube, and Pixelfed.

Nearly all fediverse platforms are free and open-source software.

History

Файл:Fediverse branches 1.2.png

The various platforms of the fediverse, as well as other federated networks, visualised as a tree

The term fediverse was first used to describe the network formed by software using the OStatus protocol, such as GNU Social, Mastodon, and Friendica.

In January 2018, the W3C presented the ActivityPub protocol, aiming to improve the interoperability between different software packages run on a wide network of servers. By 2019, a majority of software that was previously using OStatus had switched to ActivityPub, and the term "fediverse" came to refer to the ActivityPub-based federated network.Шаблон:Citation needed

Other Protocols

Other similar protocols include Bluesky's AT Protocol, Nostr and Farcaster.

Potential Adoption

Certain social networks, including Threads and Tumblr, have expressed interest in adding fediverse-compatibility.

Design

While a traditional social networking site will host all its content on servers owned by the parent company, the decentralized social media sites that make up the fediverse allow any individual or organization to host their own servers (referred to as an "instance").

Every instance is independent, and can set its own rules and expectations. Even so, much like how users of one email service such as Gmail can still send emails to users of another service such as Outlook, users may still view content and interact with users on any other instance in the fediverse. A user on one Mastodon instance, for example, may still view and interact with posts made by a user on a different Mastodon instance.

Instances hosted by different social networking services may communicate with one another as well. A user on the microblogging platform Misskey, for example, may view and interact with posts made by users on Mastodon. Some fediverse networks even allow users to interact with multiple social networking formats from the same platform. For example, kbin and its fork mbin allow users to interact with discussion forums (like those hosted on Lemmy instances) as well as microblog posts (as can be found on Mastodon).

Software

There are many different software packages and services that allow users to participate in the fediverse. Some of them vaguely resemble Twitter in style (for example, Mastodon, Misskey, GNU social, and Pleroma, which are similar in their microblogging function), while others include more communication and transaction options that are instead comparable to Facebook (such as is the case with Friendica and Hubzilla). There are also third-party plugins for many CMSs such as WordPress and Drupal, as well as bridges for other protocols such as RSS and Matrix.

Software name	MAU	Initial fediverse-compatible release	Type
Akkoma	4,164	2022	Microblogging
BookWyrm	4,834	2021	Book cataloguing
Castopod		2020	Podcasting
Epicyon		2019	Microblogging
Firefish (f. Calckey)	10,935	2022	Microblogging
Friendica (f. Friendika; orig. Mistpark)	2,335	2010	Blogging, image gallery, event planner, groups
Funkwhale	600	2018	Music hosting
Gancio		2020	Events, calendar
GNU social (f. StatusNet; orig. Laconica)	137	2008	Microblogging
GoToSocial	42	2021	Microblogging
Guppe		2021	Groups
Honk		2019	Microblogging
Hubzilla (f. RedMatrix; orig. Friendica-Red)	933	2015	CMS, blogging, wiki, image gallery, file hosting
Inventaire.io		2021	Book cataloguing
Kbin	33,112	Pre-release	Link aggregator, forum, microblogging
Lemmy	69,784	2019	Link aggregator, forum
Libervia		2022	Instant messaging, microblogging, blogging, file sharing, event management
lotide		2020	Link aggregator
Mastodon	14,791,133	2016	Microblogging
Mbin	456	2023	Link aggregator, forum, microblogging
Micro.blog	4,964	2017	Microblogging, blogging, photoblogging, podcasting
microblog.pub		2022	Microblogging
Misskey	15,541	2018	Microblogging
Mobilizon		2020	Event and group management
Nextcloud Social		2018	File hosting
Owncast	203	2022	Live video streaming
PeerTube	18,646	2018	Video sharing
Pixelfed	18,733	2018	Image sharing
Pleroma	18,094	2019	Microblogging
Plume		2018	Blogging
Postmarks		2023	Bookmarking
Sharkey	752	2023	Microblogging
Soapbox.pub		2020	Microblogging
Socialhome	42	2016	Microblogging, blogging
Streams		2022	Blogging, wiki, image sharing
Takahē	5	2022	Microblogging
WriteFreely		2018	Blogging
Zap			Blogging, image gallery, file hosting

See also

• ActivityPub
• Comparison of software and protocols for distributed social networking
• IndieWeb
• OStatus
• Pump.io

Further reading

• 2022. Toxicity in the Decentralized Web and the Potential for Model Sharing
• 2021. Exploring Content Moderation in the Decentralised Web: The Pleroma Case
• 2019. The disinformation landscape and the lockdown of social platforms Шаблон:Free access
• 2019. Challenges in the Decentralised Web: The Mastodon Case
• 2018. Recommending Users: Whom to Follow on Federated Social Networks
• 2018. Multi-task dialog act and sentiment recognition on Mastodon
• 2015. FCJ-190 Building a Better Twitter: A Study of the Twitter Alternatives GNU social, Quitter, rstat.us, and Twister Шаблон:Free access
• 2015. The Case for Alternative Social Media Шаблон:Open access

External links

• Fediverse Observer – map, statistics, software overview
• Fediverse Party – history, thematic groups, software overview
• FediDB – software overview and statistics
• The Federation - software overview and statistics