Английская Википедия:Fermont

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Fermont (Шаблон:IPAc-en) is a small mining city in northeastern Quebec, Canada, near the Quebec-Labrador border about Шаблон:Convert from Labrador City on Route 389, which connects to the Trans-Labrador Highway (Newfoundland and Labrador Route 500). It is the seat of the Regional County Municipality of Caniapiscau.

Fermont (French contraction of "Fer Mont", meaning "Iron Mountain") was founded as a company town in the early 1970s to exploit rich iron ore deposits from Mont Wright, which is about Шаблон:Convert to the west.

The town is notable for the huge self-contained structure containing apartments, stores, schools, bars, a hotel, restaurants, a supermarket and swimming pool; the large building shelters a community of smaller apartment buildings and homes on its leeward side. Popularly known as The Wall (Le Mur), the structure was designed to be a windscreen to the rest of the town. It permits residents (other than mine workers) to never leave the building during the long winter, which usually lasts about seven months. The town, designed by Maurice Desnoyers and Norbert Schoenauer, was inspired by similar projects in Sweden designed by Ralph Erskine, notably that of Svappavaara, an iron mining town in Sweden. The building measures Шаблон:Convert long and stands Шаблон:Convert high.

History

Following the depletion of the Jeannine Lake Mine at Gagnon in the late 1960s, the Québec Cartier Mining Company began to develop the Mont Wright Mine. This was a large-scale project that involved mining, processing, and transporting iron ore. Some 1,600 employees would be needed, and the town of Fermont was constructed to house them and their families. By the end of 1972, the first people settled there. The same year, the Fermont post office opened, and in 1974, the place was incorporated as Ville de Fermont. The town, mine and wall were featured in the television crime drama series La Faille (2019).

Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Fermont had a population of Шаблон:Val living in Шаблон:Val of its Шаблон:Val total private dwellings, a change of Шаблон:Percentage from its 2016 population of Шаблон:Val. With a land area of Шаблон:Convert, it had a population density of Шаблон:Pop density in 2021. Шаблон:Canada census

With French being the dominant language within the community, Fermont is the world's northernmost Francophone settlement of any considerable size, being located about one degree of latitude north of Dunkirk. Although fluency in French is common in Nunavik and other points north, most in that region have adopted English as their primary language for communication outside their communities. In addition, a Franco-Yukonnais community can be found in Dawson City, Yukon, but it forms only a minority of the total population.

Fermont can also be considered the northernmost town to speak a Romance language.

Canada Census Mother Tongue - Fermont, Quebec
Census		Total		Шаблон:Center				Шаблон:Center				Шаблон:Center				Шаблон:Center
Year		Responses		Count	Trend	Pop %		Count	Trend	Pop %		Count	Trend	Pop %		Count	Trend	Pop %
Шаблон:Center		Шаблон:Center		2,410	Шаблон:Decrease 13.9%	97.37%		30	Шаблон:Decrease 25.0%	1.21%		15	Шаблон:Increase 50.0%	0.61%		20	Шаблон:Steady 0.0%	0.81%
Шаблон:Center		Шаблон:Center		2,800	Шаблон:Increase 9.8%	97.56%		40	Шаблон:Decrease 33.3%	1.39%		10	Шаблон:Steady 0.0%	0.35%		20	Шаблон:Steady 0.0%	0.70%
Шаблон:Center		Шаблон:Center		2,550	Шаблон:Decrease 10.1%	96.59%		60	Шаблон:Increase 20.0%	2.27%		10	Шаблон:Steady 0.0%	0.38%		20	Шаблон:Steady 0.0%	0.76%
Шаблон:Center		Шаблон:Center		2,835	Шаблон:Decrease 7.8%	97.26%		50	Шаблон:Decrease 28.6%	1.72%		10	Шаблон:Decrease 33.3%	0.34%		20	Шаблон:Decrease 50.0%	0.69%
Шаблон:Center		Шаблон:Center		3,075	n/a	98.75%		70	n/a	0.69%		15	n/a	0.33%		40	n/a	0.23%

City council

The city council is composed of a mayor and six city councillors. As of October 2020 the mayor is Martin St-Laurent, and the councillors are Bernard Dupont, Danny Bouchard, Cindy Vignola, Marco Ouellet, Daniel Bergeron, and Shannon Power.

Economy

Файл:CamionFermont.png

Truck 172 from the Mont-Wright Mine, on display in Fermont

The local economy is entirely dependent on the Mont Wright and Fire Lake mines owned by ArcelorMittal. Over 80% of municipal revenues come from mining operations.

Average earnings for full-time workers was $63,982 in 2001, compared to $39,217 in Quebec as a whole. This went up to $70,102 in 2006, whereas the provincial average dropped to $37,722.

The mine product is shipped to Port-Cartier on the Cartier Railway where it is converted to pellets. In 2006 the mine was affected by a labour dispute which lasted from early April to early June. It was amicably resolved with a six-year contract renewal.

Scheduled passenger airline service is available via the Wabush Airport located in Labrador West.

Because of the town's disproportionately high number of (relatively prosperous) men compared to women and the few entertainment options in Fermont's climate, the adult entertainment industry is extremely lucrative in Fermont, and strippers can make a substantial amount of money for their profession.

Environment

Fermont is in an area of rounded hills and flat areas with peat bogs, wetlands and many lakes and small streams. The valleys show the influence of glacial action and contain undifferentiated glacial till and fluvioglacial deposits of sand and gravel.Шаблон:Sfn Lake Perchard, to the north of Fermont, supplies the town with drinking water.Шаблон:Sfn The Fermont waste water treatment plant discharges through lakes Daviault and Sans-Nom into Carheil Lake, in the Moisie River watershed.Шаблон:Sfn In April 2011 it was reported that water management experts in Sept-Îles were concerned about cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae, that had been found in Carheil Lake and had potential to further affect the Moisie River. The bloom was due to phosphorus discharge from the treatment plant, which has since been reduced.Шаблон:Sfn

Fermont has a harsh subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc) with long, severe winters and short, mild summers. Although overall not as heavy as in most other parts of the Labrador Peninsula, snowfall is still heavy at around Шаблон:Convert and average maximum depth of Шаблон:Convert which is actually deeper than some other North Shore locations with heavier snowfall like Sept-Îles. Шаблон:Weather box

See also

• List of towns in Quebec

Sources

• Шаблон:Citation
• Шаблон:Citation
• Шаблон:Citation

External links

• City of Fermont official site Шаблон:In lang
• Official tourism site
• Map
• Additional photos
• Original site plan by Norbert Schoenauer
• Preparatory drawings and photographs during the development phase (Schoenauer papers at McGill).
• Documentary about innovative community design which features Fermont as an example
• Mur-Écran, The Windscreen on the CBC's Ideas.

Шаблон:Geographic location
Шаблон:Caniapiscau RCM