Английская Википедия:Fidonisy-class destroyer

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Шаблон:Short description

Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship class overviewШаблон:Infobox ship characteristicsШаблон:Infobox ship characteristics

The Fidonisy class, also known as the Kerch class, were a group of eight destroyers built for the Black Sea Fleet of the Imperial Russian Navy during World War I. They participated in World War I, the Russian Civil War, and World War II.

Design and description

In early 1914, several months before the beginning of World War I, the construction of a third series of eight destroyers based on Novik for the Black Sea Fleet was proposed by the Naval Ministry in response to a perceived strengthening of the Ottoman Navy. This was approved by Nicholas II on 24 June after the destroyers had received names in honor of the victories of Admiral Fyodor Ushakov on 16 June.[1] The Fidonisy-class ships were ultimately built as an improved version of the Шаблон:Sclass with an additional Шаблон:Convert gun. Naval historian Siegfried Breyer considered the class to be the least successful of NovikШаблон:'s successors.[2]

The ships had an overall length of Шаблон:Convert, had a beam of Шаблон:Convert, and a draught of Шаблон:Convert at deep load.[3] They normally displaced Шаблон:Convert and Шаблон:Convert at full load.[2] Their crew consisted of 136 officers and ratings.[4]

They were powered by two Parsons direct-drive steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft,[1] using steam provided by five Thornycroft boilers that operated at a pressure of Шаблон:Convert[4] and a temperature of Шаблон:Convert.[5] The turbines, rated at Шаблон:Convert, were intended to give a maximum speed of Шаблон:Convert, although they reportedly averaged about Шаблон:Convert in service.[2] The destroyers carried a maximum of Шаблон:Convert of fuel oil although the ships varied widely in their endurance, ranging from Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert (Шаблон:Ship) to Шаблон:Cvt at Шаблон:Convert (Шаблон:Ship).[6]

Armament

The Fidonisy class were armed with four 60-calibre 102 mm Pattern 1911 Obukhov guns, one on the forecastle and three aft; one of these latter guns was superfiring over the other two.[7] The guns had a rate of fire of 12–15 rounds per minute. They fired a Шаблон:Convert shell out to a range of Шаблон:Convert at an elevation of +30°.[8] Each ship stowed 150 rounds per gun.[4]

Anti-aircraft armament varied between ships. The first four were completed either with a pair of 39-calibre [[QF 2 pounder naval gun|Шаблон:Convert "pom-pom"]] guns or 58-calibre [[QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss|Шаблон:Convert Hotchkiss gun]]s. The second batch of four were fitted with a single 30-calibre [[76 mm air-defense gun M1914/15|Шаблон:Convert Lender gun]].[6] The "pom-pom" fired its Шаблон:Convert shells at a rate of 300 rounds per minute, out to Шаблон:Convert at an elevation of +45°. The Шаблон:Convert muzzle velocity of the Hotchkiss gun gave its Шаблон:Convert shells a range of Шаблон:Convert at an elevation of +21°. The Lender gun's muzzle velocity of Шаблон:Convert gave it a range of Шаблон:Convert with its Шаблон:Convert shell. It had a practical rate of fire of 10–12 rounds per minute.[9]

The ships were also armed with a dozen Шаблон:Convert torpedo tubes in four triple mounts amidships.[10] They probably most often used the M1912 torpedo which had a Шаблон:Convert warhead. It had three speed/range settings: Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert; Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert and Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert.[11] The ships could also carry 80 mines.[4]

Ships

The ships were ordered on 17 March 1915[1] and all eight were built in the Russud Shipyard in Nikolaev.[2]

Construction data
Ship Name in Soviet service Laid down Launched Completed Fate
Feodonisy (Шаблон:Lang) then Шаблон:Ship (Шаблон:Lang) Not applicable 29 October 1915[2] 31 May 1916[2] 28 May 1917[2] Scuttled, 16 June 1918[2]
Шаблон:Ship (Шаблон:Lang) 2 February 1915[2] 27 August 1916[2] 11 September 1917[12]
Kaliakria (Шаблон:Lang) Шаблон:Ship (Шаблон:Lang) 29 October 1915[2] 14 August 1916[13] 30 October 1917[12] Scuttled, 18 June 1918
Salvaged, 4 October 1925
Sunk, 13 May 1942[13]
Шаблон:Ship (Шаблон:Lang) Not applicable 31 May 1916[2] 27 June 1917[2] Scuttled, 16 June 1918[2]
Korfu (Шаблон:Lang) Petrovsky (Шаблон:Lang) then Шаблон:Ship (Шаблон:Lang) then PKZ-62 (Шаблон:Lang) 23 June 1916[12] 10 October 1917[14] 10 June 1925[15] Transferred to Bulgaria, 1947
Returned, 1949
Scrapped, 1957
Levkas (Шаблон:Lang) Шаблон:Ship (Шаблон:Lang) 23 May 1916[12] 10 December 1925[15] Sunk, 10 April 1942[14]
Шаблон:Ship (Шаблон:Lang) Not applicable 1915[12] 21 March 1917[14] 1918[14] Interned in Bizerte, French Tunisia, with Wrangel's fleet and scrapped, 1924[14]
Zante (Шаблон:Lang) Nezamozhny (Шаблон:Lang) then Шаблон:Ship (Шаблон:Lang) May 1916[12] 7 November 1923[15] Scuttled, February 1920
Salvaged, 7 September 1920[13]
Sunk as a target, early 1950s

Service

Only Fidonisy was completed in time to participate in combat, helping to sink some Turkish sailing ships in October 1917, before the navy ceased offensive operations against the Central Powers in response to the Bolshevik Decree on Peace in early November before a formal Armistice was signed the next month.[16]

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Further reading

Шаблон:Fidonisy-class destroyer Шаблон:WWI Russian ships Шаблон:WWII Soviet ships

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 Verstyuk & Gordeev, p. 100
  2. ↑ 2,00 2,01 2,02 2,03 2,04 2,05 2,06 2,07 2,08 2,09 2,10 2,11 2,12 2,13 Breyer, p. 64
  3. ↑ Apalkov, p. 136
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 Apalkov, p. 137
  5. ↑ Platonov, p. 149
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 Verstyuk & Gordeev, p. 116
  7. ↑ Breyer, pp. 64–65
  8. ↑ Friedman, pp. 263–264
  9. ↑ Friedman, pp. 119, 264–265
  10. ↑ Budzbon 1984, p. 311
  11. ↑ Friedman, p. 348
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 12,2 12,3 12,4 12,5 Verstyuk & Gordeev, p. 101
  13. ↑ 13,0 13,1 13,2 Likachev, p. 49
  14. ↑ 14,0 14,1 14,2 14,3 14,4 Breyer, p. 119
  15. ↑ 15,0 15,1 15,2 Breyer, p. 171
  16. ↑ Greger, pp. 64–65
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