Английская Википедия:Fifth Battle of Ypres

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox military conflict

The Fifth Battle of Ypres, also called the Advance in Flanders and the Battle of the Peaks of Flanders (Шаблон:Lang-fr) is an informal name used to identify a series of World War I battles in northern France and southern Belgium (Flanders) from late September to October 1918.Шаблон:Sfn

Background

After the German spring offensive of 1918 failed to achieve a decisive victory, German morale waned and the increasing numbers of American soldiers arriving on the Western Front gave the Allies a growing numerical advantage over the western armies of the German Empire. To take advantage of this, Marshal of France Ferdinand Foch developed a strategy which became known as the Grand Offensive, in which attacks were made on the German lines over as wide a front as possible.Шаблон:Sfn Belgian, British and French forces around the Ypres Salient were to form the northern pincer of an offensive towards the Belgian city of Liège.Шаблон:Sfn The British Second Army had followed up some minor withdrawals and had fought the action at Outtersteene Ridge on 18 August, after which there was a lull. Allied troops in the area were well rested by late September.Шаблон:Sfn

Battle

The Шаблон:Lang (GAF, Flanders Army Group, King of the Belgians) attacked at Шаблон:Nowrap on 28 September, after a three hour artillery preparation.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The GAF attacked with Шаблон:Nowrap divisions, Шаблон:Nowrap divisions of the Second Army and Шаблон:Nowrap divisions of the Sixth Army. The British attacked on a Шаблон:Convert front up to the Ypres–Zonnebeke road, from where the Belgian army attacked on a line north to Dixmude.Шаблон:Sfn The Allied attacks quickly penetrated the German defences and advanced up to Шаблон:Convert. Much of the ground west of Passchendaele, abandoned during the withdrawal of early 1918, was recaptured.Шаблон:Sfn Rain began to fall but by the evening the British had taken Kortewilde, Zandvoorde, Kruiseecke and Becelaere; Belgian troops had captured Zonnebeke, Poelcappelle, Schaap Baillie and Houthulst Forest.Шаблон:Sfn On the southern flank, minor operations by three British divisions advanced to St. Yves, Messines and the ridge from Wytschaete to Hollebeke. The German front line ran from Diksmuide to Houthult, Becelare, Zandvoorde and Hollebeke.Шаблон:Sfn

Messines, Terhand and Dadizeele fell on 29 September and by the next day, despite the captured ground becoming another slough of mud, all of the high ground around Ypres was occupied by the Allies.Шаблон:Sfn By 1 October, the left bank of the leie (Lys) had been captured up to Comines and the Belgians were east of a line from Moorslede to Staden and Diksmuide. The advance continued until 2 October when German reinforcements arrived and the offensive outran its supplies. Due to the state of the ground, Шаблон:Nowrap were delivered by parachute from Шаблон:Nowrap and British aircraft.Шаблон:Sfn

Aftermath

Casualties

The British suffered Шаблон:Nowrap the Belgians "nett" casualties from among Шаблон:Nowrap and Шаблон:Nowrap ill or wounded.Шаблон:Sfn The Allies advanced up to Шаблон:Convert, with an average advance of Шаблон:Convert and captured Шаблон:Circa prisoners, Шаблон:Nowrap and Шаблон:NowrapШаблон:Sfn

Subsequent operations

The offensive was continued with the Battle of Courtrai (14–19 October).Шаблон:Sfn

Order of battle

Шаблон:Lang

The Allied units of Army Group Flanders (King Albert I of Belgium), had the French General Jean Degoutte as Chief of Staff.Шаблон:Sfn

German 4th Army

Army Group Rupprecht of Bavaria (Crown Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria), commanding the northern German army group, held Flanders with the 4th Army, which had less than five divisions in the area.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

See also

Footnotes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

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Further reading

External links

Шаблон:World War I

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