Английская Википедия:Final form

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:ForШаблон:For other usesШаблон:More citations needed In certain languages, the final form or terminal form is a special character used to represent a letter only when it occurs at the end of a word. Some languages that use final form characters are: Arabic, Hebrew, Manchu and one letter in Greek (Шаблон:Lang).[1][2]

The lowercase Latin letter "s" had separate medial (ſ) and final (s) in the orthographies of many European languages from the medieval period to the early 19th century; it survived in the German Fraktur script until the 1940s.

Hebrew

In the Hebrew alphabet the final form is called sofit (Шаблон:Lang-he, meaning "final" or "ending").

Hebrew letters that have a final form
Letter name Non-final Final (sofit)
Mem Шаблон:Script/Hebrew Шаблон:Script/Hebrew
Nun Шаблон:Script/Hebrew Шаблон:Script/Hebrew
Tsadi Шаблон:Script/Hebrew Шаблон:Script/Hebrew
Pe Шаблон:Script/Hebrew Шаблон:Script/Hebrew
Kaf Шаблон:Script/Hebrew Шаблон:Script/Hebrew

This set of letters is known acronymically as Шаблон:Script/Hebrew (Шаблон:Script/Hebrew letters).

The now final forms Шаблон:Script/Hebrew predate their non-final counterparts; They were the default forms used in any position within a word. Their descender eventually bent forwards when preceding another letter to facilitate writing.Шаблон:Citation needed A final form of these letters is also called pshuta (Шаблон:Script/Hebrew, meaning extended or plain).

The letter Mem also had a descender Шаблон:Script/Hebrew, however, its current final form Шаблон:Script/Hebrew was a variant of Шаблон:Script/Hebrew used interchangeably in all positions. The standardization is mentioned in the Babylonian Talmud (Megillah 2b-3a and Shabbas 104a). One instance of a medial Шаблон:Script/Hebrew is preserved in Isaiah 9:6 of the Hebrew Bible, while Nehemiah 2:13 and arguablyШаблон:Clarify Genesis 49:19–20 have a final Шаблон:Script/Hebrew.

Modern Hebrew uses the forms Шаблон:Script/Hebrew finally, when transcribing a plosive pronunciation, for example Шаблон:Script/Hebrew (microscope), Шаблон:Script/Hebrew (Mubarak, Шаблон:Lang), while their final forms Шаблон:Script/Hebrew, are transcribing a fricative pronunciation, for example Шаблон:Script/Hebrew (Kach), Шаблон:Script/Hebrew (Chef).

References

Шаблон:Reflist