Английская Википедия:First Jassy–Kishinev offensive
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:About Шаблон:Singlesource Шаблон:Infobox military conflict
The first Jassy–Kishinev offensive, named after the two major cities Jassy and Kishinev in the area, was a series of military engagements between 8 April and 6 June 1944 (according to David Glantz) by the Soviets and Axis powers of World War II. Richard C. Hall also refers to a first Jassy–Kishinev operation which began on 5 April, without providing an exact date for its end.Шаблон:Sfn According to Glantz, the purported offensive was a coordinated invasion of Romania conducted by Red Army's 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian Fronts, in accordance with Joseph Stalin's strategy of projecting Soviet military power and political influence into the Balkans.Шаблон:Sfn
Glantz claims that the plans of the main command of the Soviet military (Stavka) envisioned the two Soviet fronts would cut off vital Axis defensive lines in northern Romania, facilitating a subsequent advance by the Red Army into the entire Balkan region.Шаблон:Sfn Glantz considers the Soviet attack commenced with the First Battle of Târgu Frumos and the Battle of Podu Iloaiei, and culminated with the Second Battle of Târgu Frumos. Soviet forces failed to overcome German defenses in the region and the offensive operation ultimately failed,Шаблон:Sfn mainly due to the poor combat performance of Soviet troops and the effectiveness of German defensive preparations.
Glantz claims this operation is part of a series of battles almost completely ignored by Soviet archival records and historiography:Шаблон:Sfn "During the almost 60 years since the end of World War II, Soviet and Russian military historians and theorists have carefully erased from the historical record any mention of the 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian Fronts' first Jassy–Kishinev offensive, during which the Red Army's two fronts attempted to invade Romania in April and May 1944. As is the case with so many other military operations the Red Army conducted during the war, they have done this deliberately, in the process relegating this offensive to a lengthy list of "forgotten battles" of the Soviet–German War."Шаблон:Sfn
Planning
On 5 March 1944, Marshal Ivan Konev—commander of the 2nd Ukrainian Front—commenced the Uman–Botoșani offensive operation in Ukraine. This operation succeeded in separating Army Group South's 1st Panzer-Armee from 8th Army by 17 March.Шаблон:Sfn By early April Soviet units approached the Romanian border.Шаблон:Sfn
Starting with early April 1944, Stavka ordered the 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian Fronts to mount a major offensive with strategic implications in western Romania.Шаблон:Sfn StavkaШаблон:'s strategic intentions were to break German and Romanian strategic defenses in northern Romania, capture the key cities of Jassy and Kishinev, and afterward project forces deep into Romanian territory, if possible as deep as Ploiești and Bucharest.Шаблон:Sfn By 5 April, Konev's front had crossed the upper reaches of Dniester and Prut rivers, captured Hotin and Dorohoi, and approached the Târgu Frumos and Botoșani regions—Шаблон:Convert northwest of Jassy—facing only light Romanian resistance.Шаблон:Sfn On 8 April, Konev ordered the 27th and 40th Armies to conduct a coordinated offensive southward along the Târgu Frumos axis, in close cooperation with Semyon Bogdanov's 2nd Tank Army.Шаблон:Sfn While Konev's shock group was advancing toward Târgu Frumos, Konstantin Koroteev's 52nd Army and elements of Andrei Gravchenko's 6th Tank Army—Шаблон:Sfn which were operating north of Jassy—were conducting operations alongside the Jassy axis in order to support Konev's main effort.Шаблон:Sfn
As Konev's armies prepared to launch their offensive toward Târgu Frumos, Otto Wöhler's 8th Army was involved in the heavy fighting taking place in and around the village of Popricani, Шаблон:Convert north of Jassy, where two Soviet corps were fighting with armored Kampfgruppen,Шаблон:Sfn distracting the Germans' attentions and forces away from the critical Târgu Frumos sector.Шаблон:Sfn Exploiting the 52nd Army diversionary operations in the Jassy region, the three armies of Konev's shock group began advancing southward early in the morning of 8 April.Шаблон:Sfn The advance was quite slow due to mud-clogged roads during the rasputitsa (the twice yearly period of water-logged ground), as well as crossing to the west bank of the Prut River northwest of Jassy.Шаблон:Sfn
Konev's armies' initial mission was to reach the Târgu Frumos, Pașcani, and Târgu Neamț regions —Шаблон:Convert west of Jassy—and capture the three towns from their Romanian defenders by surprise.Шаблон:Sfn While three divisions of 51st Rifle Corps were ordered to press southward toward Pașcani, another two rifle divisions were protecting their advance in the region north and northwest of Târgu Neamț.Шаблон:Sfn Further to the east, seven rifle divisions assigned to 35th Guards and 33rd Rifle Corps of 27th Army would advance southeastward along the Prut starting on 7 April, forcing the Romanian 8th Infantry Division to retreat toward Hârlău, Шаблон:Convert north of Târgu Frumos.Шаблон:Sfn Meanwhile, another two divisions of 33rd Rifle Corps joined by two corps of the 2nd Tank Army would press the Romanian 7th Infantry Division back toward Târgu Frumos.Шаблон:Sfn
See also
Notes
References
Шаблон:Coord missing Шаблон:Subject bar
- Английская Википедия
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- Conflicts in 1944
- 1944 in the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
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- Battles and operations of the Soviet–German War
- Battles of World War II involving Romania
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- Military history of Romania during World War II
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