Английская Википедия:Flag of Wales

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox flag The flag of Wales (Шаблон:Lang-cy or Шаблон:Lang, meaning 'the red dragon') consists of a red dragon passant on a green and white field. As with many heraldic charges, the exact representation of the dragon is not standardised in law and many renderings exist. It is not represented in the Union Flag.

The colours of green and white are the colours of the Tudor family; a green and white standard featuring the red dragon was used by Henry VII at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485, after which it was carried in state to St Paul's Cathedral, and a dragon added as a supporter of the Tudor royal arms.

It was officially recognised as the Welsh national flag in 1959. Several cities include a dragon in their flag design, including Cardiff, the Welsh capital.

Symbolism

Файл:Vortigern-Dragons.jpg

15th-century image illustrating the story of Vortigern and the red and white dragons.

In the Historia Brittonum, there is a narrative in which Vortigern (Шаблон:Lang-cy), King of the Celtic Britons from Powys is interrupted whilst attempting to build a fort at Dinas Emrys. He is told by Merlin/Ambrosius (Шаблон:Lang-cy) to dig up two dragons beneath the castle. He discovers a red dragon representing the Celtic Britons (now Welsh) and a white dragon representing Anglo-Saxons (now English). Merlin/Ambrosius prophesies that the Celtic Britons will reclaim the island and push the Anglo-Saxons back to the sea.

The Historia Brittonum was written Шаблон:Circa, and by this point the dragon was associated with a coming deliverer from the Saxons, and for the first time as a symbol of independence. It is also the first time that the colour of the dragon is verifiably given as red. Nevertheless there may well be an older attribution of red to the colour of the dragon in Y Gododdin. The story of Lludd a Llefelys in the Mabinogion settles the matter, firmly establishing the red dragon of the Celtic Britons being in opposition with the white dragon of the Saxons.

The dragon of Wales was used by numerous Welsh rulers as a propaganda tool; to portray their links to the Arthurian legend, the title given to such rulers is Y Mab Darogan (The prophesied Son). The Welsh term Шаблон:Lang-cy was used to refer to Welsh leaders including Owain Gwynedd, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (Llywelyn the Last) and "the dragon" Owain Glyndŵr. Cynddelw Brydydd Mawr, a court poet to Owain Gwynedd refers to him in one elegy, personifying him as "The golden dragon of Snowdonia of eagles".

Henry VII recognised the red dragon upon its blessing at Saint Paul's Cathedral following his victory at Bosworth Field under the realm of 'England and Wales' in 1485; the United Kingdom would not recognise the flag's official status again until 1959, despite the dragon being used by Romanised Celtic Britons since at least the fall of the Roman empire in 6th century AD.

History

Kingdom of Gwynedd

Файл:Banner of Llywelyn (Square).svg

Banner of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (Llywelyn the Last)

The Senior line of the House of Aberffraw descended from Prince Llywelyn the Great in patriline succession and became extinct on the death of Owain Lawgoch in 1378.

Owain Glyndŵr

Файл:Glyndwr's Banner.svg

Banner of Owain Glyndwr

Файл:Y Draig Aur Owain Glyndŵr.jpg

'Y Draig Aur' Owain Glyndŵr 'Golden Dragon'

In 1400, Шаблон:Lang raised the dragon standard during his revolts against the occupation of Wales by the English crown. Шаблон:Lang's banner known as Шаблон:Lang ('The Golden Dragon') was raised over Шаблон:Lang during the Battle of Tuthill in 1401 against the English. The flag has ancient origins, Шаблон:Lang chose to fly the standard of a golden dragon on a white background, the traditional standard.

Henry VII

Файл:ArbfaisTuduriaid.jpg

Coat of arms of Henry Tudor

In 1485, the most significant link between the symbol of the red dragon and Wales occurred when Henry Tudor flew the red dragon during his invasion of England. Henry was of Welsh descent and after leaving France with an army of 2,000, landed at Milford Haven on 7 August. He made capital of his Welsh ancestry in gathering support and gaining safe passage through Wales. Henry met and fought Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, and in victory took the English throne. After the battle, Henry carried the red dragon standard in state to St Paul's Cathedral, and later the Tudor livery of green and white was added to the flag.

Modern flag

In 1807, the red dragon on a green mount was adopted as the Royal Badge of Wales, and on 11 March 1953 the motto Шаблон:Lang ('The red dragon gives impetus' or 'The red dragon leads the way') was added, a line from the poem by Шаблон:Lang. The badge was the basis of a flag of Wales in which it was placed on a horizontal white and green bicolour. However, the flag was the subject of derision, both because the tail pointed downwards in some iterations and because the motto was a potential double entendre, used in the original poem to allude to the penis of a copulating bull. In 1959, government use of this flag was dropped in favour of the current flag at the urging of the [[Gorsedd|Шаблон:Lang of Bards]]. Today the flag can be seen flying from the Шаблон:Lang in Cardiff, and from Welsh Government buildings.

Between 1910 and 1916, Caernarfon town council continuously appealed to have the Welsh flag hoisted on top of Caernarfon castle's Eagle tower to replace that of the Union flag. In April 1916, the mayor at the time; Charles A. Jones (who was also the deputy constable of the castle) said the reasoning behind rejecting the Welsh dragon was that; 'the authorities were advised that there was no such thing as a Welsh flag.. it was only a badge'.

In 1932, the 'Welsh Nationalist Party' (who would later be rebranded as Plaid Cymru), appealed to the Office of Works to replace the Union flag with that of the Welsh flag on Caernarfon castle's Eagle tower on St David's Day, however, the office ignored them and as a consequence, on March 1, a group of Welsh patriots climbed the towers and hauled the Union flag down from the Eagle tower and the eastern tower and replaced it with the Welsh flag. The castle's officials promptly took the Welsh flags down and restored the Union flags. Later in the afternoon the Union flag was again hauled down from the Eagle tower and was taken to the castle square where it was torn to pieces by some 30 or 40 students, the students passed through the turnstiles of the castle as ordinary visitors, climbed the stone steps to the Eagle Tower, and carried away the Union Jack, which had previously been removed during the morning. Several ex-servicemen looked on with evident displeasure at the treatment of the Union Flag and at one point it was likely that a conflict would ensue between the two sections.

In 2017 the Unicode Consortium approved emoji support for the Flag of Wales following a proposal from Jeremy Burge of Emojipedia and Owen Williams of BBC Wales in 2016. This was added to major smartphone platforms alongside the flags of England and Scotland in the same year. Prior to this update, The Telegraph reported that users had "been able to send emojis of the Union Flag, but not of the individual nations".

• Flag of Wales from the 1919 Marshal Foch victory-harmony banner

  Flag of Wales from the 1919 Marshal Foch victory-harmony banner

• Variant depicting the dragon on a green mount[36]

  Variant depicting the dragon on a green mount

• Flag of 1953–1959, depicting the Royal Badge of Wales after its augmentation of honour.

  Flag of 1953–1959, depicting the Royal Badge of Wales after its augmentation of honour.

• Flag of Шаблон:Lang

  Flag of Шаблон:Lang

• The red dragon on the tailfin of an Air Wales ATR 42 aircraft.

  The red dragon on the tailfin of an Air Wales ATR 42 aircraft.

Other flags

Flag of Saint David

Файл:Flag of Saint David.svg

Flag of Saint David

The flag of Saint David, a yellow cross on a black field, is used in the emblem of the Diocese of St Davids and is flown on St David's Day. In recent times the flag has been adopted as a symbol of Welsh nationalism.Шаблон:Citation needed Some organisations, such as the Christian Party use this flag instead of Шаблон:Lang, citing their dissatisfaction with the current flag.

Government ensign

Файл:Government Ensign of Wales.svg

Welsh Government ensign

An ensign for use aboard ships used by the Welsh Government, such as the patrol boats of the Marine and Fisheries Division, was granted in 2017. The flag is a British blue ensign defaced with a yellow dragon with red claws and tongue.

In popular culture

The flag of Wales has been used by those in the arts, sport and business to show a sense of patriotism or recognition with Wales. During the 1999 Rugby World Cup, which was hosted in Wales, the opening ceremony used the motif of the dragon several times, though most memorably, the flag was worn on a dress by Welsh singer Shirley Bassey.

Other musicians to have used the flag, include Nicky Wire of Manic Street Preachers, who will often drape the Welsh flag over amps when playing live, and Cerys Matthews who has worn the image on her clothes, while classical singer Katherine Jenkins has taken the flag on stage during live performances.

Former Pink Floyd bassist Roger Waters's album Radio K.A.O.S. (1987) follows the story of a young disabled Welsh man, grounded in California, who regularly expresses nostalgia and a hope for return to his home country. The chorus of "Sunset Strip" uses the imagery of the flag of Wales to further emphasise this: Шаблон:Poemquote

In 2018, the flag made an unexpected appearance in Black Panther, during a scene set in the United Nations. The flag is displayed alongside those of independent sovereign nations, leading to speculation that Wales is an independent nation in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. The scene led to comments and discussions, including from the Welsh Government and Plaid Cymru.

See also

• List of flags of the United Kingdom
• List of Welsh flags
• National symbols of Wales
• Flags of Europe

Bibliography

• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book